The Effect of Visual Environmental Distraction on Gait Performance in Children

References

• Bradley, N. S. (2000). Motor control: Developmental aspects of motor control in skill acquisition. Physical therapy for children, a comprehensive reference for pediatric practice (2nd ed., pp. 45–87). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Company.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, L. A., Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. H. (1999). Attentional demands and postural recovery: The effects of aging. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 54(4), M165–M171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherng, R. J., Liang, L. Y., Hwang, I. S., & Chen, J. Y. (2007). The effect of a concurrent task on the walking performance of preschool children. Gait and Posture, 26(2), 231–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIR Systems, Inc. 2006. The GAITRite electronic walkway measurements and definitions. Retrieved from http://www.gaitrite.com
   Google Scholar
• Dusing, S. C., & Thorpe, D. E. (2007). A normative sample of temporal and spatial gait parameters in children using the GAITRite electronic walkway. Gait and Posture, 25(1), 135–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, A. B., Haley, S. M., & Coryell, J. (1990). Concurrent and construct validity of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory. Physical Therapy, 70(10), 602–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Haley, S. M., Coster, W. J., Ludlow, L. H., Haltiwanger, J. T., & Andrellos, P. J. (1992). Pediatric evaluation of disability inventory (PEDI). Boston, MA: New England Medical Center Hospitals, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, H., & Mercer, V. S. (2001). Dual-task methodology: Applications in studies of cognitive and motor performance in adults and children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 13(3), 133–140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang, H. J., Mercer, V. S., & Thorpe, D. E. (2003). Effects of different concurrent cognitive tasks on temporal-distance gait variables in children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 15(2), 105–113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnston, T. E., Watson, K. E., Ross, S. A., Gates, P. E., Gaughan, J. P., Lauer, R. T., … Engsberg, J. R. (2011). Effects of a supported speed treadmill training exercise program on impairment and function for children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53(8), 742–750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, B., Condon, S. M., & McDonald, L. A. (1985). Cognitive spatial processing and the regulation of posture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11(5), 617–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajoie, Y., Teasdale, N., Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (1996). Upright standing and gait: Are there changes in attentional requirements related to normal aging? Experimental Aging Research, 22(2), 185–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajoie, Y., Teasdale, N., Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (1993). Attentional demands for static and dynamic equilibrium. Experimental Brain Research, 97(1), 139–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larin, H. M. (2000). Motor learning: Theories and strategies for the practitioner. Physical therapy for children, a comprehensive reference for pediatric practice (2nd ed., pp. 170–199). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Company.
   Google Scholar
• Levac, D., Wishart, L., Missiuna, C., & Wright, V. (2009). The application of motor learning strategies within functionally based interventions for children with neuromotor conditions. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 21(4), 345–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIlroy, W. E., Norrie, R. G., Brooke, J. D., Bishop, D. C., Nelson, A. J., & Maki, B. E. (1999). Temporal properties of attention sharing consequent to disturbed balance. NeuroReport, 10(14), 2895–2899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols, D. S., & Case-Smith, J. (1996). Reliability and validity of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 8(1), 15–24.
   Google Scholar
• Portney, L. G., & Watkins, M. P. (2009). Foundations of clinical research applications to practice (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Reilly, D. S., van Donkelaar, P., Saavedra, S., & Woollacott, M. H. (2008). Interaction between the development of postural control and the executive function of attention. Journal of Motor Behavior, 40(2), 90–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumway-Cook, A., & Horak, F. B. (1986). Assessing the influence of sensory interaction of balance. Suggestion from the field. Physical Therapy, 66(10), 1548–1550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumway-Cook, A., Woollacott, M., Kerns, K. A., & Baldwin, M. (1997). The effects of two types of cognitive tasks on postural stability in older adults with and without a history of falls. Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological and Medical Sciences, 52(4), 232–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. H. (1985). The growth of stability: Postural control from a development perspective. Journal of Motor Behavior, 17(2), 131–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. H. (2006). Motor control: Translating research into clinical practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Stoffregen, T. A., Adolph, K. E., Thelen, E., Gorday, K. M., Sheng, Y. Y., Whitall, J., … Starkes, J. L. (1997). Toddlers'postural adaptations to different support surfaces. Motor Control, 1(2), 119–137.
   Google Scholar
• Sveistrup, H., & Woollacott, M. H. (1996). Longitudinal development of the automatic postural response in infants. Journal of Motor Behavior, 28(1), 58–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorpe, D. E., Dusing, S. C., & Moore, C. G. (2005). Repeatability of temporospatial gait measures in children using the GAITRite electronic walkway. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(12), 2342–2346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valvano, J. (2004). Activity-focused motor interventions for children with neurological conditions. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 24(1), 79–107.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Woollacott, M., & Shumway-Cook, A. (2002). Attention and the control of posture and gait: A review of an emerging area of research. Gait and Posture, 16(1), 1–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar