References
- Abraham, R. H., and C. D. Shaw. 1983. Dynamics, the geometry of behavior, part 2: Chaotic behavior, 121–3. Santa Cruz, CA: Aerial Press.
- Baish, J. W., and R. K. Jain. 1998. Cancer, angiogenesis and fractals. Nature Medicine 4 (9):984. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/1952.
- Bossomaier, T. R. J., and D. J. Green. 2000. Complex systems. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Esteva, A., A. Robicquet, B. Ramsundar, V. Kuleshov, M. DePristo, K. Chou, C. Cui, G. Corrado, S. Thrun, J. Dean, et al. 2019. A guide to deep learning in healthcare. Nature Medicine 25 (1):24–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0316-z.
- Frederickson, P., J. Kaplan, E. Yorke, and J. Yorke. 1983. The Lyapunov dimension of strange attractors. Journal of Differential Equations 49 (2):185–207.
- Goldberger, A. L. 2006. Giles F. Filley Lecture. Complex systems. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 3 (6):467–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.200603-028MS.
- Gonog, L., and Y. Zhou. 2019. A review: Generative adversarial networks. 2019 14th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Xi'an, China. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEA.2019.8833686.
- Heltberg, M. L., S. Krishna, and M. H. Jensen. 2019. On chaotic dynamics in transcription factors and the associated effects in differential gene regulation. Nature Communications 10 (1):71.
- Huang, S., I. Ernberg, and S. Kauffman. 2009. Cancer attractors: A systems view of tumors from a gene network dynamics and developmental perspective. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 20 (7):869–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.07.003.
- Itik, M., and S. P. Banks. 2010. Chaos in a three-dimensional cancer model. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20 (01):71–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127410025417.
- Janson, N. 2012. Non-linear dynamics of Biological systems. Contemporary Physics 53 (2):137–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2011.644441.
- Jia, D., M. K. Jolly, P. Kulkarni, and H. Levine. 2017. Phenotypic plasticity and cell fate decisions in cancer: Insights from dynamical systems theory. Cancers 9 (7):70. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers9070070.
- Jin, S., A. L. MacLean, T. Peng, and Q. Nie. 2018. scEpath: Energy landscape-based inference of transition probabilities and cellular trajectories from single-cell transcriptomic data. Bioinformatics 34 (12):2077–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty058.
- Jones, C., M. A. Karajannis, D. Jones, M. W. Kieran, M. Monje, S. J. Baker, O. J. Becher, Y.-J. Cho, N. Gupta, C. Hawkins, et al. 2017. Pediatric high-grade glioma: Biologically and clinically in need of new thinking. Neuro-Oncology 19 (2):153–61.
- Jung, E., J. Alfonso, M. Osswald, H. Monyer, W. Wick, and F. Winkler. 2019. Emerging intersections between neuroscience and glioma biology. Nature Neuroscience 22 (12):1951–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0540-y.
- Kahng, M., N. Thorat, P. Chau, F. Viégas, and M. Wattenberg. 2019. GAN Lab: Understanding complex deep generative models using interactive visual experimentation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 25 (1):310–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2018.2864500.
- Kartofelev, D. 2021. Lecture 12: Fractal microstructure of strange attractors, fractal geometry, fractal dimension, similarity and box dimensions, Cantor set, von Koch curve, 2-D maps, Henon map. Tallinn University of Technology. https://www.ioc.ee/∼dima/YFX1520/LectureNotes_12.pdf
- Kim, J. K., A. A. Kolodziejczyk, T. Ilicic, T. Illicic, S. A. Teichmann, and J. C. Marioni. 2015. Characterizing noise structure in single-cell RNA-seq distinguishes genuine from technical stochastic allelic expression. Nature Communications 6:8687. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9687.
- Ladyman, J., and K. Wiesner. 2020. What is a complex system? New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Lulla, R. R., A. M. Saratsis, and R. Hashizume. 2016. Mutations in chromatin machinery and pediatric high-grade glioma. Science Advances 2 (3):e1501354. doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501354.
- Mandelbrot, B. 1982. The fractal geometry of nature. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman and Company.
- Mitchell, K., K. Troike, D. J. Silver, and J. D. Lathia. 2021. The evolution of the cancer stem cell state in glioblastoma: Emerging insights into the next generation of functional interactions. Neuro-oncology 23 (2):199–213. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa259.
- Neftel, C., J. Laffy, M. G. Filbin, T. Hara, M. E. Shore, G. J. Rahme, A. R. Richman, D. Silverbush, M. L. Shaw, C. M. Hebert, et al. 2019. An integrative model of cellular states, plasticity, and genetics for glioblastoma. Cell 178 (4):835–49.e21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.06.024.
- Paugh, B. S., C. Qu, C. Jones, Z. Liu, M. Adamowicz-Brice, J. Zhang, D. A. Bax, B. Coyle, J. Barrow, D. Hargrave, et al. 2010. Integrated molecular genetic profiling of pediatric high-grade gliomas reveals key differences with the adult disease. Journal of Clinical Oncology 28 (18):3061–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.26.7252.
- Richards, L. M., O. K. N. Whitley, G. MacLeod, F. M. G. Cavalli, F. J. Coutinho, J. E. Jaramillo, N. Svergun, M. Riverin, D. C. Croucher, M. Kushida, et al. 2021. Gradient of developmental and injury response transcriptional states defines functional vulnerabilities underpinning glioblastoma heterogeneity. Nature Cancer 2 (2):157–73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-020-00154-9.
- Rössler, O. E. 1976a. Chaotic behavior in simple reaction system. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 31 (3-4):259–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1515/zna-1976-3-408.
- Rössler, O. E. 1976b. An equation for continuous chaos. Physics Letters A 57 (5):397–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(76)90101-8.
- Ruelle, D. 1980. Strange attractors. The Mathematical Intelligencer 2 (3):126–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03023053.
- Shalizi, C. R. 2006. Methods and techniques of complex systems science: An overview. In Complex systems science in biomedicine, ed. T. S. Deisboeck and J. Y. Kresh, 33–114. Boston: Springer.
- Strogatz, S. H. 2015. Nonlinear dynamics and chaos: With applications to physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Suvà, M. L., E. Rheinbay, S. M. Gillespie, A. P. Patel, H. Wakimoto, S. D. Rabkin, N. Riggi, A. S. Chi, D. P. Cahill, B. V. Nahed, et al. 2014. Reconstructing and reprogramming the tumor-propagating potential of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Cell 157 (3):580–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.030.
- Thurner, S., P. Klimek, and R. Hanel. 2018. Introduction to the theory of complex systems. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Topol, E. J. 2019. High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine 25 (1):44–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7.
- Uthamacumaran, A. 2021. A review of dynamical systems approaches for the detection of chaotic attractors in cancer networks. Patterns 2 (4):100226. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100226.
- Verhaak, R. G. W., K. A. Hoadley, E. Purdom, V. Wang, Y. Qi, M. D. Wilkerson, C. R. Miller, L. Ding, T. Golub, J. P. Mesirov, et al. 2010. Integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1. Cancer Cell 17 (1):98–110. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.020.
- Waddington, C. H. 1957. The strategy of the genes; a discussion of some aspects of theoretical biology. London: Allen and Unwin.
- Wolfram, S. 1988. Complex systems theory. In Emerging syntheses in science: Proceedings of the founding workshops of the Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, ed. D. Pines, 183–9. Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.
- World Health Organization. 2021. Cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer (visited on June).
- Xiong, S., Y. Feng, and L. Cheng. 2019. Cellular reprogramming as a therapeutic target in cancer. Trends in Cell Biology 29 (8):623–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2019.05.001.