Optimization and Its Alternative in Media Choice: A Model of Reliance on Social-Influence Processes

REFERENCES

• Akmajian , A. , Demers , R. A. , Farmer , A. K. and Harnish , R. M. 1995 . Linguistics: An introduction to language and communication. , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , D. 1988 . New telecommunications services: Network externalities and critical mass . Telecommunications Policy , 12 : 257 – 271 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association . 2001 . Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, , 5th ed. , Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Barley , S. R. 1986 . Technology as an occasion for structuring: Evidence from observations of CT scanners and the social order of radiology departments . Administrative Science Quarterly , 31 : 78 – 108 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger , P. L. and Luckmann , T. 1966 . The social construction of reality. , New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Bicchieri , C. 1993 . Rationality and coordination. , London : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bouwman , H. and van de Wijngaert , L. 2002 . Context and context: An exploration of the basic characteristics of information needs . New Media and Society , 4 : 329 – 353 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt , R. S. 1980 . Models of network structure . Annual Review of Sociology , 6 : 79 – 141 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt , R. S. 1987 . Social contagion and innovation: Cohesion versus structural equivalence . American Journal of Sociology , 92 : 1287 – 1335 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , J. S. and Fararo , T. J. , eds. 1992 . Rational choice: Advocacy and critique. , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Contractor , N. S. and Eisenberg , E. M. 1990 . “ Communication networks and new media in organizations ” . In Organizations and communication technology, , Edited by: Fulk , J. and Steinfield , C. W. 13 – 25 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Cook , K. S. and Levi , M. , eds. 1990 . The limits of rationality , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Daft , R. L. and Lengel , R. H. 1984 . “ Information richness: A new approach to managerial behavior and organizational design ” . In Research in organizational behavior 6 , Edited by: Staw , B. and Cummings , L. L. 191 – 233 . Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Daft , R. L. and Lengel , R. H. 1986 . Organizational requirements, media richness and structural design . Management Science , 32 : 554 – 569 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daft , R. L. , Lengel , R. H. and Trevino , L. K. 1986 . Message equivocality, media selection, and manager performance: Implications for information systems . Management Information Systems Quarterly , 11 : 355 – 366 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daft , R. L. and Weick , K. E. 1984 . Toward a model of organizations as interpretation systems . Academy of Management Review , 9 : 284 – 295 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis , A. R. and Kinney , S. T. 1998 . Testing media richness theory in the new media: The effects of cues, feedback, and task equivocality . Information Systems Research , 9 : 256 – 274 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSanctis , G. and Poole , M. S. 1994 . Capturing the complexity in advanced technology use: Adaptive structuration theory . Organization Science , 5 : 121 – 147 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donabedian , B. , McKinnon , S. M. and Bruns , W. J. Jr. 1998 . Task characteristics, managerial socialization, and media selection . Management Communication Quarterly , 11 : 372 – 400 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• El-Shinnawy , M. and Markus , M. L. Media richness theory and new electronic communication media: A study of voice mail and electronic mail . Proceedings of the thirteenth international conference on information systems . Edited by: DeGross , J. , Becker , J. and Elam , J. pp. 91 – 105 . New York : ACM .
   Google Scholar
• El-Shinnawy , M. and Markus , M. L. 1997 . The poverty of media richness theory: Explaining people's preferences for electronic mail and voice mail . International Journal of Human Computer Studies , 46 : 443 – 467 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elster , J. 1985 . “ The nature and scope of rational-choice explanation ” . In Action and event: Perspectives on Donald Davidson , Edited by: LePore , E. and McLaughlin , B. 60 – 72 . Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Elster , J. , ed. 1986 . Rational choice. , New York : New York University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Erickson , B. H. 1988 . “ The relational basis of attitudes ” . In Social structures: A network approach, , Edited by: Wellman , B. and Berkowitz , S. D. 99 – 121 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Festinger , L. 1954 . A theory of social comparison processes . Human Relations , 7 : 114 – 140 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fish , R. , Kraut , R. , Root , R. and Rice , R. E. 1993 . Video as a technology for informal communication . Communications of the ACM , 36 : 46 – 61 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulk , J. 1993 . Social construction of communication technology . Academy of Management Journal , 36 : 921 – 950 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulk , J. and Boyd , B. 1991 . Emerging theories of communication in organizations . Journal of Management , 17 : 407 – 446 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulk , J. , Schmitz , J. and Steinfield , C. W. 1990 . “ A social-influence model of technology use ” . In Organizations and communication technology , Edited by: Fulk , J. and Steinfield , C. W. 13 – 25 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Fulk , J. , Steinfield , C. W. , Schmitz , J. and Power , J. G. 1987 . A social information processing model of media use in organizations . Communications Research , 14 : 529 – 552 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An organizational field: An empirical test . Administrative Science Quarterly , 34 454 – 479 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giddens , A. 1979 . Central problems in social theory: Action, structure and contradiction in social analysis. , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Green , D. P. and Shapiro , I. , eds. 1994 . Pathologies of rational choice theory. , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Homans , G. C. 1974 . Social behavior: Its elementary forms , New York : Harcourt Brace and World .
   Google Scholar
• Huang , W. , Watson , R. T. and Wei , K. K. 1998 . Can a lean e-mail medium be used for rich communication? A psychological perspective . European Journal of Information Systems , 7 : 269 – 274 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , J. W. , Saunders , C. and McLeod , R. Jr. 1988 . Information media and source patterns across management levels: A pilot study . Journal of Management Information Systems , 5 : 71 – 84 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Kahai , S. S. and Cooper , R. B. 2003 . Exploring the core concepts of media richness theory: The impact of cue multiplicity and feedback immediacy on decision quality . Journal of Management Information Systems , 20 : 263 – 299 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinney , S. T. and Watson , R. T. The effect of medium and task on dyadic communication . Proceedings of the thirteenth international conference on information systems . Edited by: DeGross , J. , Becker , J. and Elam , J. pp. 107 – 117 . New York : ACM .
   Google Scholar
• Kock , N. 2001 . Compensatory adaptation to a lean medium: An action research investigation of electronic communication in process improvement groups . IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication , 44 : 267 – 285 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraut , R. E. and Attewell , P. 1997 . “ Media use in a global corporation: Electronic mail and organizational knowledge ” . In Culture of the Internet, , Edited by: Kiesler , S. 323 – 342 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Kraut , R. E. , Rice , R. E. , Cool , C. and Fish , R. S. 1998 . Varieties of social influence: The role of utility and norms in the success of a new communication medium . Organization Science , 6 : 437 – 453 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard-Barton , D. 1988a . Implementation characteristics of organizational innovation: Limits and opportunities of managerial strategies . Communication Research , 15 : 603 – 631 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard-Barton , D. 1988b . Implementation as mutual adaptation of technology and organization . Research Policy , 17 : 251 – 267 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard-Barton , D. and Deschamps , I. 1988 . Managerial influences in the implementation of new technology . Management Science , 34 : 1252 – 1265 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lengel , R. and Daft , R. L. 1988 . The selection of communication media as an executive skill . Academy of Management Executive , 2 : 225 – 232 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , D. K. 1969 . Convention , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Magnusson , L. and Ottosson , J. 1997 . Evolutionary economics and path dependence , Brookfield, VT : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Malone , T. W. 1983 . How do people organize their desks? Implications for the design of information systems . ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems , 1 : 29 – 112 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus , M. L. 1987 . Towards a “critical mass” theory of interactive media: Universal access, interdependence, and diffusion . Communication Research , 14 : 491 – 511 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus , M. L. 1990 . “ Toward a “critical mass” theory of interactive media ” . In Organizations and Communication Technology , Edited by: Fulk , J. and Steinfield , C. W. 194 – 218 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Markus , M. L. 1994 . Electronic mail as the medium of managerial choice . Organization Science , 5 : 502 – 527 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus , M. L. , Bikson , T. K. , El-Shinnawy , M. and Soe , L. L. 1992 . Fragments of your communication: E-mail, V-mail, and fax . The Information Society , 8 : 207 – 226 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Marschak , J. 1968 . Economics of inquiring, communicating, deciding . American Economic Review , 58 : 1 – 18 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marwell , G. , Oliver , P. E. and Prahl , R. 1986 . Social networks and collective action: A theory of the critical mass, III . American Journal of Sociology , 94 : 502 – 534 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennecke , B. E. , Valacich , J. S. and Wheeler , B. C. 2000 . The effects of media and task on user performance: A test of the task-media fit hypothesis . Group Decision and Negotiation , 9 : 507 – 529 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser , P. K. , ed. 1990 . Rationality in action: Contemporary approaches , Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nutt , P. C. 1984 . Types of organizational decision processes . Administrative Science Quarterly , 29 : 414 – 450 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver , P. E. , Marwell , G. and Teixeira , R. 1985 . A theory of the critical mass, I. Interdependence, group heterogeneity, and the production of collective action . American Journal of Sociology , 91 : 522 – 556 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer , Jeffrey . 1997 . New directions for organization theory: Problems and prospects , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Poole , M. S. and Roth , J. 1989a . Decision development in small groups IV: A typology of group decision paths . Human Communication Research , 15 : 323 – 356 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poole , M. S. and Roth , J. 1989b . Decision development in small groups V: Test of a contingency model . Human Communication Research , 15 : 549 – 589 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reder , S. and Schwab , R. G. 1989 . The communicative economy of the workgroup: Multi-channel genres of communication . Office: Technology and People , 4 : 177 – 195 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Reinsch , N. L. Jr. and Beswick , R. W. 1990 . Voice mail versus conventional channels: A cost minimization analysis of individuals' preferences . Academy of Management Journal , 33 : 801 – 816 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. 1990 . Computer-mediated communication system network data: Theoretical concerns and empirical examples . International Journal of Man-Machine Studies , 32 : 627 – 647 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. 1992 . Task analyzability, use of new media, and effectiveness: A multi-site exploration of media richness . Organization Science , 4 : 475 – 500 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. 1993a . Media appropriateness: Using social presence theory to
   Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. 1993 . “ Using network concepts to clarify sources and mechanisms of social influence ” . In Progress in communication sciences: Advances in communication network analysis , Edited by: Richards , W. Jr. and Barnett , G. 43 – 52 . Westport, CT : Ablex/Greenwood .
   Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. 1994 . Relating electronic mail use and network structure to R&D work networks and performance . Journal of Management Information Systems , 11 : 9 – 29 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. and Aydin , C. 1991 . Attitudes towards new organizational technology: Network proximity as a mechanism for social information processing . Administrative Science Quarterly , 36 : 219 – 244 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. , Grant , A. , Schmitz , J. and Torobin , J. 1990 . Individual and network influences on the adoption and perceived outcomes of electronic messaging . Social Networks , 12 : 27 – 55 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. , Kraut , R. E. , Cool , C. and Fish , R. S. 1994 . “ Individual, structural, and social influences on use of new communication medium ” . In Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings 285 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. and Shook , D. 1990a . Relationships of job categories and organizational levels to use of communication channels, including electronic mail: A meta-analysis and extension . Journal of Management Studies , 27 : 195 – 229 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , R. E. and Shook , D. 1990b . “ Voice messaging, coordination and communication ” . In Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological bases of cooperative work , Edited by: Galegher , J. , Kraut , R. and Egido , C. 327 – 350 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum. Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Robert , L. P. and Dennis , A. R. 2005 . Paradox of richness: A cognitive model of media choice . IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication , 48 : 10 – 21 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russ , G. S. , Daft , R. L. and Lengel , R. H. 1990 . Media selection and managerial characteristics in organizational communications . Management Communication Quarterly , 4 : 151 – 175 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Saussure , F. 1986 . Course in general linguistics , La Salle, IL : Open Court Classics .
   Google Scholar
• Schelling , T. C. 1960 . The strategy of conflict , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schmitz , J. and Fulk , J. 1991 . Organizational colleagues, media richness and electronic mail . Communications Research , 18 : 487 – 523 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen , A. and Williams , B. , eds. 1982 . Utilitarianism and beyond , Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sheer , V. C. and Chen , L. 2004 . Improving media richness theory: A study of interaction goals, message valence, and task complexity in manager-subordinate communication . Management Communication Quarterly , 18 : 76 – 93 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Simon , J. C. and Pappas , S. C. 2004 . An examination of media richness theory in product web site design: An empirical study . Info: The Journal of Policy, Regulation and Strategy for Telecommunications , 6 : 270 – 281 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Soe , L. L. and Markus , M. L. 1993 . Technological or social utility? Unraveling explanations of E-mail, V-mail, and fax use . The Information Society , 9 : 213 – 236 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Steinfield , C. W. 1986 . “ Computer-mediated communication in an organizational setting: Explaining task-related and socioemotional uses ” . In Communication yearbook 9 , Edited by: McLaughlin , M. 777 – 804 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Suh , K. S. 1999 . Impact of communication on task performance and satisfaction: An examination of media-richness theory . Information and Management , 35 : 295 – 312 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarde , G. 1903 . The laws of imitation , Glouster, MA : Peter Smith .
   Google Scholar
• Thaler , R. H. 1991 . Quasi rational economics , New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Thorn , B. K. and Connolly , T. 1987 . Discretionary databases: A theory and some experimental findings . Communication Research , 14 : 512 – 528 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevino , L. , Daft , R. and Lengel , R. 1990 . “ Understanding managers' media choices: A symbolic interactionist imperative ” . In Organizations and communication technology , Edited by: Fulk , J. and Steinfield , C. W. 71 – 94 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Trevino , L. K. , Webster , J. and Stein , E. W. 2000 . Making connections: Complementary influences on communication media choices, attitudes, and use . Organization Science , 11 : 163 – 182 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullmann-Margalit , E. 1977 . The emergence of norms , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Vickery , S. K. , Droge , C. , Stank , T. P. , Goldsby , T. J. and Markland , R. E. 2004 . The performance implications of media richness in a business-business service environment: Direct versus indirect effects . Management Science , 50 : 1106 – 1119 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster , J. and Trevino , L. K. 1995 . Rational and social theories as complementary explanations of communication media choices: Two policy-capturing studies . Academy of Management Review , 6 : 1544 – 1572 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Weick , K. E. 1979 . The social psychology of organizing, , 2nd ed. , Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Yates , J. and Orlikowski , W. J. 1992 . Genres of organizational communication: A structurational approach to studying communication and media . Academy of Management Review , 17 : 299 – 326 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar