Who wants 9-to-5 jobs? Precarity, (in)security, and Chinese youths in Beijing and Hong Kong

References

• Alboher, M. 2007. One person, multiple careers : A new model for work/life success. New York: Warner Business Books.
   Google Scholar
• Allison, A. 2012. Ordinary refugees: Social precarity and soul in 21st century Japan. Anthropological Quarterly 85 (2):345–70. doi: 10.1353/anq.2012.0027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aradau, C., and R. Van Munster. 2007. Governing terrorism through risk: Taking precautions, (un)knowing the future. European Journal of International Relations 13 (1):89–115. doi: 10.1177/1354066107074290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlant, L. 2012. Cruel optimism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bird, M. 2019. Hong Kong is the lung through which Chinese banks breathe. The Wall Street Journal, September 11. Accessed June 7, 2020. https://www.wsj.com/articles/hong-kong-is-the-lung-through-which-chinese-banks-breathe-11568203220.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. 2004. Precarious life : The powers of mourning and violence. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, K. H. 2010. Asia as method: Towards deimperialization. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, K. H. 2012. Takeuchi Yoshimi’s 1960. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 13 (2):317–24. doi: 10.1080/14649373.2012.662937.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, G. P. L. 2017. Chinese subjectivities and the Beijing Olympics. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Chong, G. P. L. 2019. Cashless China: Securitization of everyday life through Alipay’s social credit system – Sesame Credit. Chinese Journal of Communication 12 (3):290–307. doi: 10.1080/17544750.2019.1583261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, G. P. L. 2020. Dwelling, aspirations, and the good life: Inter-referencing young people in Beijing and Hong Kong. In Trans-Asia as method: Theory and practices, eds. J. de Kloet, Y. F. Chow, and G. P. L. Chong, 1–23. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Chong, G. P., Lei, Y. F. Chow, and J. de Kloet. 2020. Toward Trans-Asia: Projects, possibilities, paradoxes. In Trans-Asia as method: Theory and practices, eds. J. de Kloet, Y. F. Chow, and G. P. L. Chong, 1–23. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, Y. F., J. de Kloet, and H. H.-S. Leung. 2010. Towards an ethics of slowness in an era of academic corporatism. Accessed June 7, 2020. https://www.espacestemps.net/en/articles/towards-an-ethics-of-slowness-in-an-era-of-academic-corporatism-en/.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, Y. F. 2017. Hong Kong creative workers in Mainland China: The aspirational, the precarious, and the ethical. China Information 31 (1):43–62. doi: 10.1177/0920203X16679063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow, Y. F. 2019. Caring in times of precarity: A study of single women doing creative work in Shanghai. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Chua, B. H. 2015. Inter-Asia referencing and shifting frames of comparison. In The social sciences in the Asian century, eds. C. Johnson, V. Mackie, and T. Morris-Suzuki, 67–80. Acton, Australia: Australian National University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chua, B. H., and K. Iwabuchi. 2008. East Asian pop culture. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cruikshank, B. 1993. Revolutions within: Self-Government and Self-Esteem. Economy and Society 22 (3):327–44. doi: 10.1080/03085149300000022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Goede, M. 2004. Repoliticizing financial risk. Economy and Society 33 (2):197–217. doi: 10.1080/03085140410001677120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Kloet, J., Y. F. Chow, and G. P. L. Chong. 2020. Trans-Asia as method: Theory and practices. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Financial Services Development Council. 2017. The future of FinTech in Hong Kong (FSDC Paper No 29). Hong Kong: Financial Services Development Council. Accessed June 7, 2020. https://www.fsdc.org.hk/sites/default/files/FSDC%20Paper_FinTech_E.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 1991. Governmentality. In The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality, eds. G. Burchell, C. Gordon, and P. Miller, 87–103. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, C. 1991. Governmental rationality: An introduction. In The Foucault effect: Studies in governmentality, eds. B. Graham, G. Colin, and P. Miller, 1–51. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heaton, L., and S. Proulx. 2015. Paradoxical empowerment: Immaterial labor translated in a web of affective connections. The Information Society 31 (1):28–35. doi: 10.1080/01972243.2015.977629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helberger, N., J. Pierson, and T. Poell. 2018. Governing online platforms: From contested to cooperative responsibility. The Information Society 34 (1):1–14. doi: 10.1080/01972243.2017.1391913.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, L. 2006. Autonomous choices and patriotic professionalism: On governmentality in late-socialist China. Economy and Society 35 (4):550–70. doi: 10.1080/03085140600960815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups. 2016. Flexible employment of today's youth. Accessed September 20, 2018. https://yrc.hkfyg.org.hk/en/2016/12/29/flexible-employment-of-todays-youth/
   Google Scholar
• Hong Kong SAR Government. 2019. Support for local & foreign enterprises. Accessed January 20, 2020. https://www.gov.hk/en/business/supportenterprises/funding/index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Inui, A. 2009. NEETS, freeters and flexibility: Reflecting precarious situations in the new labour market. In Handbook of youth and young adulthood: New perspectives and agendas, ed. A. Furlong, 176–81. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Iwabuchi, K. 2002. Recentering globalization: Popular culture and Japanese transnationalism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Iwabuchi, K. 2004. Houhou to shite no toransu Ajia (Trans-Asia as a method). In Koeru bunka, kousaku suru kyoukai (Transgressing cultures and inter-secting boundaries), ed. K. Iwabuchi, 3–24. Tokyo: Yamakawa Shuppan.
   Google Scholar
• Iwabuchi, K. 2015. Resilent borders and cultural diversity: Internationalism, brand nationalism and multiculturalism in Japan. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• Iwabuchi, K. 2020. Trans-Asia as method: A collaborative and dialogic project in a globalized world. In Trans-Asia as method, eds. J. de Kloet, Y. Chow, and G. P. L. Chong, 25–42. London: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffreys, E. (ed.). 2009. China’s governmentalities: Governing change, changing government. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jokinen, E. 2016. Precarious everyday agency. European Journal of Cultural Studies 19 (1):85–99. doi: 10.1177/1367549415585548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, G., and C. Wallace. 1992. Youth, family and citizenship. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jumpstarter. 2017a. 「夢想哪會計較回報?」─ 麥天樞 [Dreamers never calculate on return—Mak Tin-Shu]. Accessed August 23, 2017. https://www.jumpstarter.hk/tc/news/details/63.
   Google Scholar
• Jumpstarter. 2017b. 夢與繩飛行 ── 張柏鴻[Persistent always prevails—Karl Cheung]. Accessed August 23, 2017. https://www.jumpstarter.hk/en/news/details/69.
   Google Scholar
• Jumpstarter. 2017c. 機會在你手 落實創業夢 ─盛智文[The world is your oyster—Allan Zeman]. Accessed September 9, 2017. https://www.jumpstarter.hk/tc/news/details/74.
   Google Scholar
• Jumpstarter. 2017d. Tech for good: On a mission to enhance consumer product safety [interview with Eric Chan]. Accessed September 30, 2017. https://www.jumpstarter.hk/en/news/details/77
   Google Scholar
• Keane, M. 2007. Created in China : The great new leap forward. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, S. 2014a. Susan Kuang. 2014 演讲稿: Be the change you want to see [speech script]. Accessed September 3, 2017. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/g4BxUyj-7qKd3lDGrBpGUw.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, S. 2014b. Live to inspire. Accessed September 3, 2017. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7Zt8BIzSjw4drTXcPFONZQ.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, S. 2016a. 我的Slash生活方式[My slash lifestyle]. Accessed September 3, 2017. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/rg0e_m-tEPCFpLgETmmhEg.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, S. 2016b. 创业者的‘谎言[Start-ups lies]. Accessed September 3, 2017. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3NzA0NDg2NQ==&mid=2665562292&idx=1&sn=4d81eab94a9f2915ee76995e2390d0f2&scene=21#wechat_redirect.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, S. 2016c. 从"工作生活平衡"到"工作生活统—" [From "work-life balance" to "work-life integration"]. Accessed September 3, 2017. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/39WsRPtArONtlh3FBKOmuA.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, S. 2016d. Susan Kuang 2016年度总结与回顾[Susan Kuang 2016 year-end summary and review]. December 31, 2016. Accessed September 3, 2017. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/39WsRPtArONtlh3FBKOmuA.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, S. 2017a. 坚毅：释放激情与坚持的力量[Grit: Release passion and the power of perseverance]. Accessed September 3, 2017. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/MimVHsUcxD4n41TKyKjVqQ.
   Google Scholar
• Kuang, S. 2017b. 怎样让人生不太过于庸俗 [How not to live ordinarily]. Accessed September 3, 2020. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/TChExbgLaOHHVZT78amI_w.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, J. 2019. Be creative for the state: Creative workers in Chinese state-owned cultural enterprises. International Journal of Cultural Studies 22 (1):53–69. doi: 10.1177/1367877917750670.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormack, D., and S. Salmenniemi. 2016. The biopolitics of precarity and the self. European Journal of Cultural Studies 19 (1):3–15. doi: 10.1177/1367549415585559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNay, L. 2009. Self-as-enterprise: Dilemmas of control and resistance in Foucault’s The Birth of Biopolitics. Theory, Culture & Society 26 (6):55–77. doi: 10.1177/0263276409347697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, A., C. DiSalvo, L. Tsui, and M. Best. 2019. The social impact of open government data in Hong Kong: Umbrella movement protests and adversarial politics. The Information Society 35 (4):216–28. doi: 10.1080/01972243.2019.1613464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neilson, B., and N. Rossiter. 2008. Precarity as a political concept, or, Fordism as exception. Theory, Culture & Society 25 (7-8):51–72. doi: 10.1177/0263276408097796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nye, J. S. 2004. Soft power : The means to success in world politics. New York: Public Affairs.
   Google Scholar
• Ong, A. 2011. World cities, or the art of being global. In Worlding cities: Asia experiments and the art of being global, eds. A. Roy and A. Ong, 1–26. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Przeworski, A., and H. Teune. 1982. The logic of comparative social inquiry. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
   Google Scholar
• Vosko, F. L., M. MacDonald, and I. Campbell. 2009. Introduction: Gender and the concept of precarious employment. In Gender and the contours of precarious employment, eds. L. F. Vosko, M. MacDonald, and L. Campbell, 1–26. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, J. 2004. The global reach of a new discourse: How far can "creative industries" travel? International Journal of Cultural Studies 7 (1):9–19. doi: 10.1177/1367877904040601.
   Google Scholar
• Webster, J. 2016. Microworkers of the gig economy: Separate and precarious. New Labor Forum 25 (3):56–64. doi: 10.1177/1095796016661511.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshitaka, M. 2005. Culture = politics: The emergence of new cultural forms of protest in the age of freeter. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 6 (1):17–29. doi: 10.1080/1462394042000326888.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshitaka, M. 2009. J-Pop: From the ideology of creativity to DiY music culture. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 10 (4):474–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y. 2016. 斜槓青年代言人 :無關成功失敗, Slash是一種生活態度 [Slash spokesperson: Not about success or failure, slash is a lifestyle]. Accessed August 23, 2016. https://theinitium.com/article/20160623-mainland-slash2/.
   Google Scholar