10,935
Views
68
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric

References

  • Andersen, R. E., Franckowiak, S. C., Snyder, J., Bartlett, S. J., & Fontaine, K. R. (1998). Can inexpensive signs encourage the use of stairs? Results from a community intervention. Annals of Internal Medicine, 129, 363–369.
  • Arad, A., & Rubinstein, A. (2015). The people’s perspective on libertarian-paternalistic policies (Unpublished Manuscript). Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Retrieved from: http://www.tau.ac.il/~aradayal/LP.pdf
  • Ashcroft, R. E. (2013). Doing good by stealth: Comments on “Salvaging the concept of nudge”. Journal of Medical Ethics, 39(8), 494. doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101109
  • Attwood, A. S., Scott-Samuel, N. E., Stothart, G., Munafò, M. R., & Campanella, S. (2012). Glass shape influences consumption rate for alcoholic beverages. PLoS ONE, 7(8), e43007. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043007
  • Australian Government, Department of Health. (2016). Post-Implementation Review Tobacco Plain Packaging 2016. Retrieved from http://ris.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/posts/2016/02/Tobacco-Plain-Packaging-PIR.pdf
  • Åvitsland, A., Solbraa, A. K., & Riiser, A. (2017). Promoting workplace stair climbing: sometimes, not interfering is the best. Archives of Public Health, 75, 2. doi:10.1186/s13690-016-0170-8
  • Baer, J. S., Stacy, A., & Larimer, M. (1991). Biases in the perception of drinking norms among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52(6), 580–586.
  • Baldwin, R. (2014). From regulation to behaviour change: Giving nudge the third degree. The Modern Law Review, 77(6), 831–857. doi:10.1111/1468-2230.12094
  • Blamey, A., Mutrie, N., & Aitchison, T. (1995). Health promotion by encouraged use of stairs. BMJ, 311(7000), 289–290. doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7000.289
  • Blumenthal-Barby, J. S., & Burroughs, H. (2012). Seeking better health care outcomes: The ethics of using the “nudge.” The American Journal of Bioethics, 12(2), 1–10. doi:10.1080/15265161.2011.634481
  • Bonell, C., McKee, M., Fletcher, A., Wilkinson, P., & Haines, A. (2011). One nudge forward, two steps back. BMJ, 342, d401. doi:10.1136/bmj.d401
  • Boreham, C. A. G., Wallace, W. F. M., & Nevill, A. (2000). Training effects of accumulated daily stair-climbing exercise in previously sedentary young women. Preventive Medicine, 30(4), 277–281. doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0634
  • Borsari, B., & Carey, K. B. (2003). Descriptive and injunctive norms in college drinking: A meta-analytic integration. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64(3), 331–341.
  • Bovens, L. (2009). The ethics of nudge. In T. Grüne-Yanoff & S. O. Hansson (Eds.), Preference change: Approaches from philosophy, economics and psychology (pp. 207–219). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
  • Brose, L. S., Chong, C. B., Aspinall, E., Michie, S., & McEwen, A. (2014). Effects of standardised cigarette packaging on craving, motivation to stop and perceptions of cigarettes and packs. Psychology & Health, 29(7), 849–860. doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.896915
  • Brownell, K. D., Stunkard, A. J., & Albaum, J. M. (1980). Evaluation and modification of exercise patterns in the natural environment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(12), 1540–1545.
  • Bullers, S., Cooper, M. L., & Russell, M. (2001). Social network drinking and adult alcohol involvement. Addictive Behaviors, 26(2), 181–199. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(00)00099-X
  • Coleman, K. J., & Gonzalez, E. C. (2001). Promoting stair use in a US–Mexico border community. American Journal of Public Health, 91(12), 2007–2009. doi:10.2105/AJPH.91.12.2007
  • De Neys, W. D. (2006). Dual processing in reasoning: Two systems but one reasoner. Psychological Science, 17, 428–433. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01723.x
  • Downs, J. S., Loewenstein, G., & Wisdom, J. (2009). Strategies for promoting healthier food choices. American Economic Review, 99, 159–164. doi:10.1257/aer.99.2.159
  • Dunlop, S. M., Dobbins, T., Young, J. M., Perez, D., & Currow, D. C. (2014). Impact of Australia’s introduction of tobacco plain packs on adult smokers’ pack-related perceptions and responses: results from a continuous tracking survey. BMJ Open, 4(12), e005836. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005836
  • Dworkin, G. (2012). Lying and nudging. Journal of Medical Ethics, 39(8), 496–497.
  • Elbel, B., Gyamfi, J., & Kersh, R. (2011). Child and adolescent fast-food choice and the influence of calorie labeling: a natural experiment. International Journal of Obesity (London), 35, 493–500. doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.4
  • Elbel, B., Kersh, R., Brescoll, V. L., & Dixon, L. B. (2009). Calorie labeling and food choices: a first look at the effects on low-income people in New York City. Health Affairs, 28(6), w1110–w1121. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.w1110
  • Ennett, S. T., Bauman, K. E., Hussong, A., Faris, R., Foshee, V. A., Cai, L., & DuRant, R. H. (2006). The peer context of adolescent substance use: Findings from social network analysis. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 159–186. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00127.x
  • Epstein, S. (1973). The self-concept revisited: Or a theory of a theory. American Psychologist, 28, 404–416. doi:10.1037/h0034679
  • Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. The American Psychologist, 49, 729–724.
  • Evans, J. S. B. T., & Over, D. E. (1996). Rationality and reasoning. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
  • Evans, J. S. B. T., & Stanovich, K. E. (2013). Dual-process theories of higher cognition: Advancing the debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(3), 223–241. doi:10.1177/1745691612460685
  • Fardy, P. S., & Ilmarinen, J. (1975). Evaluating the effects and feasibility of an at work stairclimbing intervention program for men. Medicine and Science in Sports, 7(2), 91–93.
  • Felsen, G., Castelo, N., & Reiner, P. B. (2013). Decisional enhancement and autonomy: Public attitudes towards overt and covert nudges. Judgement and Decision Making, 8(3), 202–213. doi:10.1177/2332858416674007
  • Finkelstein, E. A., Strombotne, K. L., Chan, N. L., & Krieger, J. (2011). Mandatory menu labeling in one fast-food chain in King County, Washington. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(2), 122–127. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.10.019
  • Foxcraft, D. R., Moreira, M. T., Santimano, N. M. L., & Smith, L. A. (2015). Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006748.pub4
  • Gilbert, D. T. (1989). Thinking lightly about others: Automatic components of the social inference process. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 189–211). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Gomberg, L., Schneider, S. K., & DeJong, W. (2001). Evaluation of a social norms marketing campaign to reduce high-risk drinking at the University of Mississippi*. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Encompassing All Addictive Disorders, 27(2), 375–389.
  • Goodwin, T. (2012). Why we should reject “nudge.” Politics, 32(2), 85–92.
  • Grüne-Yanoff, T. (2016). Why behavioural policy needs mechanistic evidence. Economics and Philosophy, 32(3), 463–483. doi:10.1017/S0266267115000425
  • Grüne-Yanoff, T., & Hertwig, R. (2015). Nudge versus boost: How coherent are policy and theory? Minds and Machines, 26(1–2), 1–52. doi:10.1007/s11023-015-9367-9
  • Hagman, W., Andersson, D., Västfjäll, D., & Tinghög, G. (2015). Public views on policies involving nudges. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 6(3), 439–453. doi:10.1007/s13164-015-0263-2
  • Hahn, U. (2011). The problem of circularity in evidence, argument, and explanation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(2), 172–182.
  • Haines, M. P., Barker, G., & Rice, R. (2003). The Northern Illinois University experiment: A longitudinal case study of the social norms approach. In H. W. Perkins (Ed.), The social norms approach to preventing school and college age substance abuse: A handbook for educators, counselors, and clinicians (pp. 21–34). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Haines, M. P., & Spear, S. F. (1996). Changing the perception of the norm: A strategy to decrease binge drinking among college students. Journal of American College Health : J of ACH, 45(3), 134–40. doi:10.1080/07448481.1996.9936873
  • Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W. & Ekelund, U., for the Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. (2012). Global physical activity levels: Surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. The Lancet, 380(9838), 247–257.
  • Hammond, D., Daniel, S., & White, C. M. (2013). The effect of cigarette branding and plain packaging on female youth in the United Kingdom. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 52, 151–157. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.06.003
  • Hammond, D., Fong, G. T., McNeill, A., Borland, R., Cummings, K. M., & Hammond, D. (2006). Effectiveness of cigarette warning labels in informing smokers about the risks of smoking: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control, 15, 19–25. doi:10.1136/tc.2005.012294
  • Hammond, D., & Parkinson, C. (2009). The impact of cigarette package design on perceptions of risk. Journal of Public Health, 31(3), 345–353. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdp066
  • Hancock, L., Abhold, J., Gascoigne, J., & Altekruse, M. (2002, August). Applying social norms marketing to tobacco cessation and prevention: Lessons learned from three campaigns (Working Paper No. 6). The Report on Social Norms. Available from http://socialnorms.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/WP6.pdf
  • Hancock, L., & Henry, N. (2003). Perceptions, norms and tobacco use in college residence hall freshmen: Evaluation of a social norms marketing intervention. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Hansen, P. G., & Jespersen, A. M. (2013). Nudge and the manipulation of choice a framework for the responsible use of the nudge approach to behaviour change in public policy. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 1, 3–28.
  • Hedlin, S., & Sunstein, C. R. (2016). Does active choosing promote green energy use: Experimental evidence. Ecology, 43, 107.
  • Holden, S. S., Zlatevska, N., & Dubelaar, C. (2016). Whether smaller plates reduce consumption depends on who’s serving and who’s looking: A meta-analysis. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 1(1), 134–146.
  • Hollands, G. J., Shemilt, I., Marteau, T. M., Jebb, S. A., Kelly, M. P., Nakamura, R., … Ogilvie, D. (2013). Altering micro-environments to change population health behaviour: Towards an evidence base for choice architecture interventions. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1218. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1218
  • Hollands, G. J., Shemilt, I., Marteau, T. M., Jebb, S. A., Lewis, H. B., Wei, Y., … Ogilvie, D. (2015). Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (9), CD011045. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011045.pub2
  • Holmes, A. S., Serrano, E. L., Machin, J. E., Duetsch, T., & Davis, G. C. (2013). Effect of different children’s menu labeling designs on family purchases. Appetite, 62, 198–202.
  • House of Lords. (2011). Behaviour change. London, UK: Author. Retrieved from http://www.parliament.uk/business/lords
  • Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of behaviour: An introduction to behaviour theory. New York, NY: Appleton-Century Crofts.
  • John, P., Moseley, A., Wales, C., Smith, G., Richardson, L., Stoker, G., & Cotterill, S. (2013). Nudge, nudge, think, think: Experimenting with ways to change civic behaviour. London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Jung, J. Y., & Mellers, B. A. M. (2016). American attitudes toward nudges. Judgement and Decision Making, 11(1), 62–74.
  • Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: A perspective on intuitive judgement and choice. In T. Frangsmyr (Ed.), Lex prix Nobel: The Nobel prizes 2002 (pp. 449–489). Stockholm, Sweden: Almquist & Wiksell International.
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking fast and slow. London, UK: Allen Lane.
  • Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 49–81). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2005). A model of heuristic judgment. In K. J. Holyoack & R. G. Morrison (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning (pp. 267–293). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1982). On the study of statistical intuitions. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (pp. 493–508). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(82)90022-1
  • Kerr, J., Eves, F. F., & Carroll, D. (2001a). Getting more people on the stairs: the impact of a new message format. Journal of Health Psychology, 6(5), 495–500. doi:10.1177/135910530100600503
  • Kerr, J., Eves, F. F., & Carroll, D. (2001b). Six-month observational study of prompted stair climbing. Preventive Medicine, 33(5), 422–427. doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0908
  • Kiszko, K. M., Martinez, O. D., Abrams, C., & Elbel, B. (2014). The influence of calorie labeling on food orders and consumption: a review of the literature. Journal of Community Health, 39(6), 1248–1269. doi:10.1007/s10900-014-9876-0
  • Klaczynski, P. A. (2001). Analytic and heuristic processing influences on adolescent reasoning and decision making. Child Development, 72(3), 844–861.
  • Kosters, M., & Van der Heijden, J. (2015). From mechanism to virtue: Evaluating Nudge theory. Evaluation, 21, 276–291. doi:10.1177/1356389015590218
  • Kruglanski, A. W. (2013). Only one? The default interventionist perspective as a unimodel—Commentary on Evans & Stanovich (2013). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 242–247. doi:10.1177/1745691613483477
  • Lee, K. K., Perry, A. S., Wolf, S. A., Agarwal, R., Rosenblum, R., Fischer, S., … Silver, L. D. (2012). Promoting routine stair use evaluating the impact of a stair prompt across buildings. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42, 136–141. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.005
  • Lewis, A., & Eves, F. (2012). Prompt before the choice is made: Effects of a stair-climbing intervention in university buildings. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17, 631–643. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02060.x
  • Lewis, M. A., & Neighbors, C. (2006). Social norms approaches using descriptive drinking norms education: A review of the research on personalized normative feedback. Journal of American College Health, 54, 213–218. doi:10.3200/JACH.54.4.213-218
  • Linkenbach, J., Perkins, H. W., & DeJong, W. (2003). Parent’s perceptions of parenting norms: using the social norms approach to reinforce effective parenting. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Liu, P. J., Wisdom, J., Roberto, C. A., Liu, L. J., & Ubel, P. A. (2014). Using behavioral economics to design more effective food policies to address obesity. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 36, 6–24. doi:10.1093/aepp/ppt027
  • Loewenstein, G., Asch, D. A., Friedman, J. Y., Melichar, L. A., Volpp, K. G., Lowenstein, G., … Volpp, K. G. (2012). Can behavioural economics make us healthier? BMJ, 344, e3482. doi:10.1136/bmj.e3482
  • Loewenstein, G., Bryce, C., Hagmann, D., & Rajpal, S. (2015). Warning: You are about to be nudged. Behavioral Science & Policy, 1, 35–42.
  • Magnusson, R. S. (2009). Rethinking global health challenges: Towards a “global compact” for reducing the burden of chronic disease. Public Health, 123, 265–274.
  • Marshall, A. L., Bauman, A. E., Patch, C., Wilson, J., & Chen, J. (2002). Can motivational signs prompt increases in incidental physical activity in an Australian health-care facility? Health Education Research, 17, 743–749. doi:10.1093/her/17.6.743
  • Marteau, T. M., Ogilvie, D., Ronald, M., Suhrcke, M., & Kelly, M. P. (2011). Judging nudging: Can nudge improve population health? BMJ, 342, d228.
  • Maynard, O. M., Munafò, M. R., & Leonards, U. (2013). Visual attention to health warnings on plain tobacco packaging in adolescent smokers and non-smokers. Addiction, 108, 413–419. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04028.x
  • Mazzocchi, M., Cagnone, S., Bech-Larsen, T., Niedźwiedzka, B., Saba, A., Shankar, B., … Traill, W. B. (2015). What is the public appetite for healthy eating policies? Evidence from a cross-European survey. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 10, 267–292. doi:10.1017/S1744133114000346
  • Mills, C. (2013). Why nudges matter: A reply to Goodwin. Politics, 33(1), 28–36. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9256.2012.01450.x
  • Mols, F., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., & Steffens, N. K. (2015). Why a nudge is not enough: A social identity critique of governance by stealth. European Journal of Political Research, 54(1), 195. doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12073
  • Moodie, C., & Mackintosh, A. M. (2013). Young adult women smokers’ response to using plain cigarette packaging: a naturalistic approach. BMJ Open, 3(3), e002402. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002402
  • Moodie, C., Mackintosh, A. M., Hastings, G., & Ford, A. (2011). Young adult smokers’ perceptions of plain packaging: A pilot naturalistic study. Tobacco Control, 20(5), 367–373. doi:10.1136/tc.2011.042911
  • Moodie, C., Stead, M., Bauld, L., McNeill, A., Angus, K., Hinds, K., … O’Mara-Eves, A. (2012). Plain tobacco packaging: A systematic review. London. Retrieved from http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/24420/1/Moodie_et_al_2012_PHRC_PlainPacks.pdf
  • Munafò, M. R., Roberts, N., Bauld, L., & Leonards, U. (2011). Plain packaging increases visual attention to health warnings on cigarette packs in non-smokers and weekly smokers but not daily smokers. Addiction, 106, 1505–1510. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03430.x
  • Nishida, Y., Akaoka, I., & Nishizawa, T. (1975). Effect of sex hormones on uric acid metabolism in rats. Experientia, 31, 1134–1135. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1204720
  • Nocon, M., Müller-Riemenschneider, F., Nitzschke, K., & Willich, S. N. (2010). Review Article: Increasing physical activity with point-of-choice prompts--a systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 38, 633–638. doi:10.1177/1403494810375865
  • Nomura, T., Yoshimoto, Y., Akezaki, Y., & Sato, A. (2009). Changing behavioral patterns to promote physical activity with motivational signs. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 14, 20–25. doi:10.1007/s12199-008-0053-x
  • Oppenheimer, D. M. (2008). The secret life of fluency. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(6), 237–241. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.02.014
  • Osman, M. (2004). An evaluation of dual-process theories of reasoning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 988–1010. doi:10.3758/BF03196730
  • Osman, M. (2007). Can tutoring improve performance on a reasoning task under deadline conditions? Memory & Cognition, 35, 342–351.
  • Osman, M. (2013). A case study: Dual-process theories of higher cognition-commentary on Evans & Stanovich (2013). Prospect Psychological Science, 8, 248–252. doi:10.1177/1745691613483475
  • Osman, M. (2014). Future-minded: The psychology of agency and control. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Osman, M. (2016). Nudge: How far have we come? Œconomia. History, Methodology, Philosophy, 6–4, 557–570. Retrieved from https://oeconomia.revues.org/2490
  • Osman, M., & Stavy, R. (2006). Development of intuitive rules: Evaluating the application of the dual-system framework to understanding children’s intuitive reasoning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 935–953. doi:10.3758/bf03213907
  • Pearson, M., & West, P. (2003). Drifting smoke rings: Social network analysis and Markov processes in a longitudinal study of friendship groups and risk-taking. Connections, 25(2), 59–76.
  • Perkins, H. W., Meilman, P. W., Leichliter, J. S., Cashin, J. R., & Presley, C. A. (1999). Misperceptions of the norms for the frequency of alcohol and other drug use on college campuses. Journal of American College Health, 47(6), 253–258. doi:10.1080/07448489909595656
  • Puig-Ribera, A., & Eves, F. F. (2010). Promoting stair climbing in Barcelona: Similarities and differences with interventions in English-speaking populations. European Journal of Public Health, 20(1), 100–102. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp059
  • Rayner, G., & Lang, T. (2011). Is nudge an effective public health strategy to tackle obesity? No. BMJ, 342, d2177–d2177. doi:10.1136/bmj.d2177
  • Read, S. J., Vanman, E. J., & Miller, L. C. (1997). Connectionism, parallel constraint satisfaction processes, and gestalt principles: (Re)introducing cognitive dynamics to social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1, 26–53.
  • Reisch, L. A., & Sunstein, C. R. (2016). Do Europeans like nudges? Judgement and Decision Making, 11(4), 310–325.
  • Reisch, L. A., Sunstein, C. R., & Gwozdz, W. (2016). Better than a whip? European attitudes toward health nudges. Food Policy, 69, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.01.007
  • Russell, W. D., Dzewaltowski, D. A., & Ryan, G. J. (1999). the effectiveness of a point-of-decision prompt in deterring sedentary behavior. American Journal of Health Promotion, 13(5), 257–259. doi:10.4278/0890-1171-13.5.257
  • Sacks, G., Rayner, M., & Swinburn, B. (2009). Impact of front-of-pack “traffic-light” nutrition labelling on consumer food purchases in the UK. Health Promotion International, 24, 344–352. doi:10.1093/heapro/dap032
  • Saghai, Y. (2013). Salvaging the concept of nudge. Journal of Medical Ethics, 39(8), 487–493. doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100727
  • Schmiedek, F., Oberauer, K., Wilhelm, O., Süß, H. M., & Wittmann, W. W. (2007). Individual differences in components of reaction time distributions and their relations to working memory and intelligence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 414.
  • Schwarz, N. (1998). Warmer and more social: Recent developments in cognitive social psychology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 239–264. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.239
  • Selinger, E., & Whyte, K. P. (2012). Nudging cannot solve complex policy problems. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 3(1), 26–31.
  • Simon, D., & Holyoak, K. J. (2002). Structural dynamics of cognition: From consistency theories to constraint satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 283–294.
  • Simon, D., Snow, C. J., & Read, S. J. (2004). The redux of cognitive consistency theories: evidence judgments by constraint satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 814–837.
  • Sinclair, S. E., Cooper, M., & Mansfield, E. D. (2014). the influence of menu labeling on calories selected or consumed: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114, 1375–1388. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.05.014
  • Sloman, S. A. (1996). The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 3–22. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.1.3
  • Soler, R. E., Leeks, K. D., Buchanan, L. R., Brownson, R. C., Heath, G. W., Hopkins, D. H. & the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. (2010). Point-of-decision prompts to increase stair use a systematic review update. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(2, Suppl), S292–S300. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.028
  • Sonnenberg, L., Gelsomin, E., Levy, D. E., Riis, J., Barraclough, S., & Thorndike, A. N. (2013). A traffic light food labeling intervention increases consumer awareness of health and healthy choices at the point-of-purchase. Preventive Medicine, 57, 253–257. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.07.001
  • Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational?: Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2000). Advancing the rationality debate. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23(5), 701–717. doi:10.1017/S0140525x00623439
  • Sun, R., Slusarz, P., & Terry, C. (2005). The interaction of the explicit and the implicit in skill learning: a dual-process approach. Psychological Review, 112(1), 159.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2014). Why nudge? The politics of libertarian paternalism. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2015). Nudges, agency, and abstraction: A reply to critics. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 6(3), 511–529. doi:10.1007/s13164-015-0266-z
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2016a). Do people like nudges? Administrative Law Review, Forthcoming. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2604084
  • Sunstein, C. R. (Ed.). (2016b). The ethics of influence: Government in the age of behavioral science. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sunstein, C. R. (2016c). People prefer System 2 nudges (kind of). Duke Law Journal, 66, 121–168.
  • Sunstein, C. R., Reisch, L. A., & Rauber, J. (2017). A worldwide consensus on nudging? Not quite, but almost. Regulation and Governance Advance online publication. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2955693
  • Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Thombs, D. L., Dotterer, S., Olds, R. S., Sharp, K. E., & Raub, C. G. (2004). A close look at why one social norms campaign did not reduce student drinking. Journal of American College Health, 53(2), 61–68. doi:10.3200/JACH.53.2.61-70
  • Thompson, V. A. (2009). Dual process theories: A metacognitive perspective. In J. S. B. T. Evans & K. Frankish (Eds.), In two minds: Dual processes and beyond (pp. 171–196). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Wakefield, M., Coomber, K., Zacher, M., Durkin, S., Brennan, E., & Scollo, M. (2015). Australian adult smokers’ responses to plain packaging with larger graphic health warnings 1 year after implementation: results from a national cross-sectional tracking survey. Tobacco Control, 24(Suppl. 2), ii17–ii25. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052050
  • Wansink, B. (2004). Environmental factors that increase the food intake and consumption volume of unknowing consumers. Annual Review of Nutrition, 24, 455–479. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132140
  • Wansink, B., & van Ittersum, K. (2005). Shape of glass and amount of alcohol poured: comparative study of effect of practice and concentration. BMJ, 331, 1512–1514. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1512
  • Wansink, B., & van Ittersum, K. (2013). Portion size me: Plate-size induced consumption norms and win–win solutions for reducing food intake and waste. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 19(4), 320–332. doi:10.1037/a0035053
  • Webb, K. L., Solomon, L. S., Sanders, J., Akiyama, C., & Crawford, P. B. (2011). Menu labeling responsive to consumer concerns and shows promise for changing patron purchases. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 6(2), 166–178. doi:10.1080/19320248.2011.576210
  • Webb, O. J., & Eves, F. F. (2007). Promoting stair climbing: Intervention effects generalize to a subsequent stair ascent. American Journal of Health Promotion, 22(2), 114–119. doi:10.4278/0890-1171-22.2.114
  • Weber, E. U. (2017). Breaking cognitive barriers to a sustainable future. Nature Human Behaviour, 1, 13. doi:10.1038/s41562-016-0013
  • World Health Organization. (2015). Health warnings. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/tobacco/policy/who-framework-convention-on-tobacco-control-who-fctc/key-areas-of-tobacco-control-policy/health-warnings.
  • World Health Organization. (2016). WHO | Tobacco. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/
  • World Health Organization. (2017a). NCDs | Noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ncds/introduction/en/
  • World Health Organization. (2017b). Plain packaging of tobacco products: evidence, design and implementation. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/207478/1/9789241565226_eng.pdf?ua=1
  • Wood, J. V. (1989). Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes. Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 231–248.
  • Wood, W., Quinn, J. M., & Kashy, D. A. (2002). Habits in everyday life: Thought, emotion, and action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1281–1297. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.83.6.1281
  • Young, L. R., & Nestle, M. (2002). The contribution of expanding portion sizes to the US obesity epidemic. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 246–249.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.