Indoor/Outdoor Flint Knapping and Minute Debitage Remains: The Evidence from the Ohaloii Submerged Camp (19.5 Ky, Jordan Valley)

REFERENCES

• Adam, E. 1989 A Technological and Typological Analysis of Upper Palaeohthic Stone Industries ojEpirus, Northwestern Greece. BAR International Series 512, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Bar-Yosef, O. 1970 The Epibalaeoltthic Cultures of Palestine. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem. 1983 The Natufian in the Southern Levant. In The Hilly Planks and Beyond, edited by C. T. Young, P. E. L. Smith, and P. Mortensen, pp. 11–42. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization, No. 36. The Orientai Institute, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Bar-Yosef, O., and J. L. Phillips 1977 Prehistoric Investigations in Gebel Meghara, Sorthern Sinai. Qedem 7, Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Belfer-Cohen, A. 1988 The Natufian Settlement at Hayonim Cave: a Hunter-Gatherer Band on the Thresbold of Agriculture. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem.
   Google Scholar
• Byrd, F. B. 1987 Beidha and the Natufian: Variability in Levantine Settlement and Subsistence. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.
   Google Scholar
• Cahen, D., and L. H. Keeley 1980 Not Less Than Two, Not More Than Three. World Arcbaeology 12: 166–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calley, S. 1986 Technologie du debitage à Mureybet, Syrie. BAR International Series 312, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, D. L. 1979 Spatial Information in Archaeologv. In Analytical Arcbaeologist, collected papers of D. L. Clarke, edited by his colleagues, pp. 453–482. Acaaemic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Dunnell, R. C., and J. K. Stein 1989 Theoretical Issues in the Interpretation of Microrefuse. Geoarcbaeology 4: 31–42.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, P. C., and W. I. Edwards 1990 Heat Treatment of Chert in the Natufian Period. Mediterranean Arcbaeology 3: 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Fladmark, KTR. 1982 Microdebitage Analysis: Initial Considerations. Journal of Archaeological Science 9: 205–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher, J. P. 1977 Contemporary Stone Tools in Ethiopia: Implications for Archaeology. Journal of Field Arcbaeology 4: 407–414.
   Google Scholar
• Goring-Morris, A. N. 1987 At the Edge: Terminal Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherers in the Negev and Sinai. BAR International Series 361, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, D. O. 1989 From Foragitig to Aviculture: the Levant at the End of the Ice Age. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, D. O. 1995 (editor) Prebistoric Cultural Ecology and Evolution: Insights from Southern Jordan. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Hershkovitz, I., G. Edelson, M.S. Spiers, B. Ahrensburg, D. Nadel, and B. Levi 1993 Ohalo II Man—Unusual Findings in the Anterior Rib Cage and Shoulder Girdle of a 19,000 Years-Old Specimen. International Journal of Osteo- arcbaeology 3:177–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hershkovitz, I., M. S. Spiers, D. Frayer, D. Nadel, S. Wish-Baratz, and B. Ahrensburg 1955 Ohalo II—a 19,000 Year-Old Skeleton from a Water-Logged Site at the Sea of Galilee. American Journal of Physical Antbropology 96: 215–234.
   Google Scholar
• Hours, F. 1974 Remarques sur l'utilisation de listes- types pour létude du Paléolithique Su- périeur et de l'Épipaléolithique au Levant. Paléorient 2: 3–18.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman, D. 1987 Interassemblage Variability of Metrie Attributes from Lithic Assemblages of the Late Upper Palaeolithic of Israel. Mitekufat Haeven, Journal of the Israel Prebistoric Society 20: 37–49.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, R. I. 1995 The Foraging Spectrum. Diversity in Hunter-Gatherer Lifeways. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Kislev, M. E., D. Nadel, and I. Carmi 1992 Epipalaeolithic (19,000 B. P.) Cereal and Fruit Diet at Ohalo II, Sea of Galilee, Israel. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 73:161–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leroi-Gourhan, A., and M. Brézillon 1972 Fouilles de Pincevent: Essai d'analyse ethnographique d'un habitat magdalénien (la section 36). Vile Supplément à Gallia Préhistoire. Edi- tions du C.N.R.S., Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Marks, A. E. 1976 Ein Aqev: a Late Levantine Upper Palaeolithic Site in the Nahal Aqev. In Prehistory and Palaeoenvironments in the Central Negev, Israel, vol. 1, edited by A. E. Marks, pp. 227–291. SMU Press, Dallas.
   Google Scholar
• Metcalfe, D., and K. M. Heath 1990 Microrefuse and Site Structure: the Hearths and Floors of the Heartbreak Hotel. American Antiquity 55: 781–796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, R. 1983 Heat Treatment of Flint at Jericho. In Excavations at Jericho V, edited by K. M. Kenyon and T. A. Holland, Appendix C, p. 759. Oxford Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Nadel, D. 1989 Flint Heat Treatment at the Beginning of the Neolithic Period in the Southern Levant. Mitekufat Haeven, Journal of the Israel Prebistoric Society 22: 61–67.
   Google Scholar
• Nadel, D. 1994 Levantine Upper Palaeolithic—Early Epipalaeolithic Burial Customs: Ohalo II as a Case Study. Paléorient 20: 113–121.
   Google Scholar
• Nadel, D. 1995 The Visibility of Prehistoric Burials in the Southern Levant: How Rare are the Upper Palaeolithic / Early Epipalaeolitrnc Graves? In The Archaeoiogy of Death in the Ancient Near East, edited by S. Campbell and A. Green, pp. 1–8. Oxbow, Monograph 51, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Nadel, D. 1996 The Organization or Space in a Fisher-Hunter-Gatherer Camp at Ohalo II, Israel. In Nature et Culture, edited by M. Otte, pp. 373–388. E.R.A.U.L. 68, Liège.
   Google Scholar
• Nadel, D. 1997a The Chipped Stone Industry from Netiv Hagdud. In An Early Neolitbic Village in the Jordan Valley, Part I: the Archaeology of Netiv Hagdud, edited by O. Bar-Yosef and A. Gopher, pp. 71–149. American School or Prehistoric Research, Bulletin 44. Peabody Museum of Archaeoiogy and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge. 1997b The Spatial Organization of Prehistoric Sites tn the Jordan Valley: Keharan, Natufian and Neolitbic Case Studies. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem (in Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Nadel, D. 1999 Scalene and Proto-Triangles from Ohalo II. Mitekufat Haeven, Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Soctety 29: 5–16.
   Google Scholar
• Nadel, D. 2000 Brush Hut Floors, Hearths and Flints: the Ohalo II Case Study (19Ka, Jordan Valley, Israel). Journal of Human Evolution 38: A22–A23 (abstracts of the Paleoanthropology Meeting).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadel, D., S. Belitzky, E. Boaretto, I. Carmi, J. Heinemeier, E. Werker, and S. Marco n.d. New Dates from Submerged Late Pleistocene Sediments in the Southern Sea of Galilee. Radiocarbon, Proceedings of the 17th International Radiocarbon Conference, (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Nadel, D., I. Carmi, and D. Segal 1995 Radiocarbon Dating of Ohalo II: Archaeological and Methodological Implications. Journal of Archaeological Science 22: 811–822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadel, D., A. Danin, E. Werker, T. Schick, M. E. Kislev, and K. Stewart 1994 19,000 Years-Old Twisted Fibers from Ohalo II. Current Antbropology 35: 451–458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadel, D., and I. Hershkovitz 1991 New Subsistence Data and Human Remains from the Earliest Levantine Epipalaeolithic. Current Antbropology 32: 631–635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadel, D., and E. Werker 1999 The Oldest Ever Brush Hut Plant Remains from Ohalo II (Jordan Valley, Israel 19,500 BP). Antiquity 73: 755–764.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcomer, M. H., and G. de G. Sieveking 1980 Experimental Flake Scatter-Patterns: a New Interpretative Technique. Journal of Field Archaeology 7: 345–352.
   Google Scholar
• Petraglia, M. D., K. Akoshima, ana L. G. Straus 1994 Interpreting the Formation of the Abri Dufaure: an Upper Palaeolithic Site in Southwestern France. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:139–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purdy, B. A. 1974 Investigations Concerning the Thermal Alteration of Silica Minerals: an Archaeological Approach. Tebiwa 17: 37–65.
   Google Scholar
• Rabinovitch, R. 1998 “Drowning in Numbers”—Gazelles Dominance and Body Size Groups in the Archaeozoological Record. In Archaeozoology of the Near East III, edited by H. Buitenhuis, L. Bartosiewicz, ana A. M. Choyke, pp. 45–71. ARC Publications 18, Groningen.
   Google Scholar
• Schiffer, M. B. 1983 Toward the Identification of Formation Processes. American Antiquity 48: 675–706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simchoni, O. 1997 Reconstruction of the Landscape and Human Economy at 19,000 BP in the Upper Jordan Valley by the Botanical Remains Founaat Obalo II. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, BarIlan University, Ramat Gan (in Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Simmons, T., and D. Nadel 1998 The Avifauna of the Early Epipalaeolithic Site of Ohalo II (19,400 B.P.), Israel: Species Diversity, Habitat and Seasonality. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 8: 79–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simms, S. R., and K. M. Heath 1990 Site Structure of the Orbit Inn: an Application of Ethnoarchaeology. American Antiquity 55: 797–813.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soffer, O. 1985 The Upper Palaeolithic of the Central Russtan Piain. Academic Press, Orlando.
   Google Scholar
• Stein, J. K., and P. A. Teltser 1989 Size Distribution of Artifact Classes: Combining Macro- and Microfiractions. Geoarchaeology 4: 1–30.
   Google Scholar
• Valla, F. R. 1984 Les industries de silex de Mallaba (Eynan). Mémoires et Travaux du Centre de Recherche Français de Jerusalem No. 3. Association Paléorient, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Yellen, J. E. 1976 Archaeological Approacbes to the Present: Models jor Reconstructing the Past. Academic Press, New York
   Google Scholar