92
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Recycling and Implications for Neanderthal Productive Strategies in the Stratigraphic Unit viii of the El Salt Rockshelter (Alcoi, Eastern Iberia)

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Received 13 Nov 2023, Accepted 14 May 2024, Published online: 28 May 2024

References

  • Agam, A., Marder, O., & Barkai, R. (2015). Small flake production and lithic recycling at late Acheulian Revadim, Israel. Quaternary International, 361, 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.06.070
  • Amick, D. S. (2007). Investigating the behavioral causes and archaeological effects of lithic recycling. In S. P. McPherron (Ed.), Tools versus cores: Alternative approaches to stone tool analysis (pp. 223–252). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Amick, D. S. (2014). Reflection on the origins of recycling: A Paleolithic perspective. Lithic Technology, 39(1), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1179/0197726113Z.00000000025
  • Amick, D. S. (2015). The recycling of material culture today and during the Paleolithic. Quaternary International, 361, 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.08.059
  • Baena, J., Ortiz, I., Torres, C., & Bárez, S. (2015). Recycling in abundance: Re-use and recycling processes in the Lower and Middle Paleolithic contexts of the central Iberian peninsula. Quaternary International, 361, 142–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.07.007
  • Bailey, G. N. (2007). Time perspectives, palimpsests and the archaeology of time. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 26(2), 198–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2006.08.002
  • Bamforth, D. B. (1986). Technological efficiency and tool curation. American Antiquity, 51(1), 38–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/280392
  • Barzilai, O., Goldsmith, Y., Shemer, M., Porat, N., & Crouvi, O. (2020). Evidence for a Middle Paleolithic flint workshop in Arnona, south Jerusalem. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society, 50(1), 15–43.
  • Belfer-Cohen, A., & Bar-Yosef, O. (2015). Paleolithic recycling: The example of Aurignacian artifacts from Kebara and Hayonim caves. Quaternary International, 361, 256–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.06.008
  • Binford, L. R. (1979). Organization and formation processes: Looking at curated technologies. Journal of Anthropological Research, 35(3), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1086/jar.35.3.3629902
  • Bourguignon, L., Delagnes, A., & Meignen, L. (2006). Systèmes de production lithique, gestion des outillages et territoires au Paléolithique moyen: où se trouve la complexité? In L. Astruc, F. Bon, V. Léa, P. Y. Milcent, & S. Philibert (Eds.), Normes techniques et pratiques sociales: de la simplicité des outillages pré- et protohistoriques (pp. 75–86). Association pour la Promotion et la Diffusion des Connaissances Archéologiques.
  • Bourguignon, L., Faivre, J. P., & Turq, A. (2004). Ramification des chaînes opératoires: Une spécificité du Moustérien? Paléo, 16, 37–48.
  • Buranakarn, V. (1999). Philosophical issues of recycling. Manusya, 2(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00202001
  • Burroni, D., Donahue, R. E., Pollard, A. M., & Mussi, M. (2002). The surface alteration features of flint artefacts as a record of environmental processes. Journal of Archaeological Science, 29(11), 1277–1287. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0771
  • Camilli, E. L. (1988). Lithic raw material selection and use in the desert basins of south-central New Mexico. Journal of Southwestern Anthropology History, 53(2), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/00231940.1988.11758088
  • Camilli, E. L., & Ebert, J. I. (1992). Artifact reuse and recycling in continuous surface distributions and implications for interpreting land use patterns. In J. Rossignol & L. Wandsnider (Eds.), Space, time, and archaeological landscapes (pp. 113–136). Springer.
  • Cancellieri, E., Hadj-Brahim, H. B., ben Nasr, J., ben Fraj, T., Boussoffara, R., di Matteo, M., Mercier, N., Marnaoui, M., Monaco, A., Richard, M., Mariani, G. S., Scancarello, O., Zerboni, A., & di Lernia, S. (2022). A late Middle Pleistocene Middle Stone Age sequence identified at Wadi Lazalim in southern Tunisia. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 3996. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07816-x
  • Caro, D., Albizzati, P. F., García, C., Saputra-Lase, I., García, P., Juchtmans, R., Garbarino, E., Blengini, G., Manfredi, S., de Meester, S., & Tonini, D. (2023). Towards a better definition and calculation of recycling. Joint Research Centre.
  • Coco, E. (2023). Exploring the impact of mobility and selection on stone tool recycling behaviors through agent-based simulation. Public Library of Science One, 18(11), e0294242. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.e0294242
  • Coco, E., Holdaway, S., & Iovita, R. (2020). The effects of secondary recycling on the technological character of lithic assemblages. Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology, 3(3), 453–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41982-020-00055-4
  • Coco, E., & Mamirov, T. (2022). Examining recycling behaviors at Semizbugu P1 (2022), Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan Archeology, 3(17), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.52967/akz2022.3.17.103.114
  • de la Peña, P. (2011). Sobre la identificación macroscópica de las piezas astilladas: Propuesta experimental. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 68(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2011.11060
  • Delpiano, D., Heasley, K., & Peresani, M. (2018). Assessing Neanderthal land use and lithic raw material management in discoid technology. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 96, 89–110. https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.96006
  • Douka, K., & Spinapolice, E. E. (2012). Neanderthal shell tool production: Evidence from Middle Palaeolithic Italy and Greece. Journal of World Prehistory, 25(2), 45–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-012-9056-z
  • Efrati, B., Barkai, R., Nunziante-Cesaro, S., & Venditti, F. (2022). Function, life histories, and biographies of the Lower Paleolithic patinated flint tools from late Acheulian Revadim, Israel. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 2885. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06823-2
  • Ekshtain, R., Barzilai, O., Inbar, M., Milevski, I., & Ullman, M. (2011). Givat Rabi East, a new Middle Paleolithic knapping site in the lower Galilee (Israel). Paléorient, 37(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.3406/paleo.2011.5426
  • Fernandes, P., & Raynal, J. P. (2006). Pétroarchéologie du silex: Un retour aux sources. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 5(6), 829–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2006.04.002
  • Fernandes, P., & Raynal, J. P. (2007). Pétroarchéologie du silex. In J. P. Raynal (Ed.), Sainte-Anne I (Sinzelles, Polignac, Haute-Loire): le Paléolithique moyen de l’unité J1 (pp. 59–98). Archéo-Logis.
  • Fernandes, P., & Raynal, J. P. (2010). Silex: Une pétroarchéologie refondée. Cahiers de Géopré, 1, 68–81.
  • Fiers, G., Halbrucker, É, de Kock, T., Laforce, B., Vandendriessche, H., Messiaen, L., Vincze, L., Crombé, P., & Cnudde, V. (2018). Preliminary characterization of flint raw material used on prehistoric sites in NW Belgium. Geoarchaeology, 34(4), 400–412. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21719
  • Freestone, I. C. (2015). The recycling and reuse of Roman glass: Analytical approaches. Journal of Glass Studies, 57, 29–40.
  • Galván, B., Hernández, C. M., Mallol, C., Mercier, N., Sistiaga, A., & Soler, V. (2014). New evidence of early Neanderthal disappearance in the Iberian peninsula. Journal of Human Evolution, 75, 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.002
  • Glauberman, P. J., & Thorson, R. M. (2012). Flint patina as an aspect of “flaked stone taphonomy”: A case study from the loess terrain of the Netherlands and Belgium. Journal of Taphonomy, 10, 21–43.
  • Hiscock, P. (2009). Reduction, recycling, and raw material procurement in western Arnhem land, Australia. In B. Adams & B. S. Blades (Eds.), Lithic materials and Paleolithic societies (pp. 78–93). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Hiscock, P. (2015). Making it small in the Palaeolithic: Bipolar stone-working, miniature artefacts and models of core recycling. World Archaeology, 47(1), 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2014.991808
  • İkikat-Tümer, E., Akbay, S., & Palabiyik, E. (2018). The economic contribution of recycling in Kahramanmaras. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 21, 146–153. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.472832
  • Kuhn, S. L. (1994). A formal approach to the design and assembly of mobile toolkits. American Antiquity, 59(3), 426–442. https://doi.org/10.2307/282456
  • Lazuén, T., & González, J. E. (2015). Recycling in the early Middle Paleolithic: The role of resharpening flakes assessed through techno-functional analysis. Quaternary International, 361, 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.008
  • Lucas, G. (2008). Time and archaeological event. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 18(1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095977430800005X
  • Lucas, G. (2021). Making time: The archaeology of time revisited. Routledge.
  • Machado, J., Mayor, A., Hernández, C. M., & Galván, B. (2019). Lithic refitting and the analysis of Middle Palaeolithic settlement dynamics: A high-temporal resolution example from El Pastor rock shelter (eastern iberia). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11(9), 4539–4554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00859-8
  • Machado, J., Molina, F. J., Hernández, C. M., Tarriño, A., & Galván, B. (2017). Using lithic assemblage formation to approach Middle Palaeolithic settlement dynamics: El Salt stratigraphic unit x (Alicante, Spain). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 9(8), 1715–1743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0318-z
  • Mathias, C., & Bourguignon, L. (2020). Cores-on-flakes and ramification during the Middle Palaeolithic in southern France: A gradual process from the early to late Middle Palaeolithic? Journal of Archaeological Science, 31, 102336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102336
  • Mathias, C., Lemorini, C., Marinelli, F., Sánchez-Dehesa, S., Shemer, M., & Barkai, R. (2023). Bulb retouchers half a million years ago: New evidence from late Acheulean Jaljulia, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 47, 103821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103821
  • Mayor, A., Hernández, C. M., Machado, J., Mallol, C., & Galván, B. (2019). El estudio tecnológico de conjuntos líticos paleolíticos desde la perspectiva del episodio de ocupación humana: Los casos de El salt y El Pastor (Alcoi, Alacant). Recerques del Museu d'Alcoi, 28, 7–26.
  • Mayor, A., Hernández, C. M., Machado, J., Mallol, C., & Galván, B. (2020). On identifying Palaeolithic single occupation episodes: Archaeostratigraphic and technological approaches to the Neanderthal lithic record of stratigraphic unit Xa of El Salt (Alcoi, eastern Iberia). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 12(4), 84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01022-4
  • Mayor, A., Sossa-Ríos, S., Molina, F. J., Pérez, L. J., Galván, B., Mallol, C., & Hernández, C. M. (2022). An instance of Neanderthal mobility dynamics: A lithological approach to the flint assemblage from stratigraphic unit VIII of El Salt rockshelter (Alcoi, eastern Iberia). Journal of Archaeological Science, 44, 103544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103544
  • McAnany, P. A. (1988). The effects of lithic procurement strategies on tool curation and recycling. Lithic Technology, 17(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.1988.11754520
  • McAnany, P. A. (1989). Stone-tool production and exchange in the eastern maya lowlands: The consumer perspective from Pulltrouser swamp, Belize. American Antiquity, 54(2), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.2307/281710
  • Molina, F. J. (2016). Estudio geoarqueológico de entornos sedimentarios fluvio-lacustres y endorreicos con industrias del Paleolítico medio en el norte de la provincia de Alicante (España). Recerques del Museu d'Alcoi, 25, 7–30.
  • Molina, F. J., & Mayor, A. (2023). Proveïment de grups caçadors i recol·lectors en dipòsits amb sílex ressedimentat: Mas del Batle (Alcoi, Alacant), una nova àrea de captació del litotipus Mariola. Recerques del Museu d'Alcoi, 32, 7–24.
  • Molina, F. J., Tarriño, A., Galván, B., & Hernández, C. M. (2010). Áreas de aprovisionamiento de sílex en el Paleolítico medio en torno al Abric del Pastor (Alcoi, Alicante): estudio macroscópico de la producción lítica de la colección Brotons. Recerques del Museu d'Alcoi, 19, 65–80.
  • Molina, F. J., Tarriño, A., Galván, B., & Hernández, C. M. (2011). Estudio macroscópico y áreas de aprovisionamiento de la industria silícea del yacimiento mesolítico y neolítico de Benàmer. In P. Torregrosa, F. J. Jover, & E. J. López (Eds.), Benàmer (Muro de Alcoi, Alicante): mesolíticos y neolíticos en las tierras meridionales valencianas (pp. 121–132). Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica del Museu de Prehistòria de València.
  • Molina, F. J., Tarriño, A., Galván, B., & Hernández, C. M. (2015). Estudio geoarqueológico de aprovisionamiento de sílex en el Prebético de Alicante: Los ejemplos de Penella (Alcoi) y La Fenasosa (Onil). In L. Alapont, J. Martí, & F. E. Tendero (Eds.), Actuacions sobre el patrimoni arqueològic de la Comunitat Valenciana (pp. 13–27). Ajuntament de València.
  • Molina, F. J., Tarriño, A., Galván, B., & Hernández, C. M. (2016). El sílex del Prebético de Alicante: Tipos, variabilidad y áreas de captación y talla del Pleistoceno. Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Granada, 26, 283–311.
  • Moncel, M. H., Chacón, M. G., La Porta, A., Fernandes, P., Hardy, B., & Gallotti, R. (2014). Fragmented reduction processes: Middle Palaeolithic technical behaviour in the Abri du Maras shelter, southeastern France. Quaternary International, 350, 180–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.013
  • Morrow, T. A. (1996a). Bigger is better: Comments on Kuhn’s formal approach to mobile tool kits. American Antiquity, 61(3), 581–590. https://doi.org/10.2307/281842
  • Morrow, T. A. (1996b). Lithic refitting and archaeological site formation processes: A case study from the Twin Ditch site, Greene County, Illinois. In G. H. Odell (Ed.), Stone tools: Theoretical insights into human prehistory (pp. 345–373). Springer.
  • Navazo, M., Jordá, J. F., Burow, C., Kehl, M., Pastoors, A., Weniger, G. C., & Wood, R. (2020). Last Neanderthal occupations at central Iberia: The lithic industry of Jarama VI rock shelter (Valdesotos, Guadalajara, Spain). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 12(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00974-6
  • Navazo, M., Santamaría, C., & Santamaría, M. (2023). Using cores as tools: Use-wear analysis of Neanderthal recycling processes in level 4 at Prado Vargas (Cornejo, Merindad de Sotoscueva, Burgos, Spain). Lithic Technology, 48(2), 149–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2022.2108276
  • Odell, G. H. (1996). Economizing behavior and the concept of “curation”. In G. H. Odell (Ed.), Stone tools: Theoretical insights into human prehistory (pp. 51–80). Springer.
  • O’Neal, H. (2022). Introduction. Reuse, recycle, and repurpose: The afterlives of Japanese material culture. Ars Orientalis, 52, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3998/ars.3985
  • Ortiz, I., & Baena, J. (2017). Did stone speak about people? Flint catchment and Neanderthal behavior from Área 3 (Cañaveral, Madrid-Spain). Quaternary International, 435(A), 144–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.01.019
  • Parush, Y., Assaf, E., Slon, V., Gopher, A., & Barkai, R. (2015). Looking for sharp edges: Modes of flint recycling at Middle Pleistocene Qesem cave, Israel. Quaternary International, 361, 61–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.07.057
  • Peresani, M., Boldrin, M., & Pasetti, P. (2015). Assessing the exploitation of double patinated artifacts from the late Mousterian: Implications for lithic economy and human mobility in northern Italy. Quaternary International, 361, 238–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.10.058
  • Roebroeks, J. W. (1988). From find scatters to early hominid behaviour: A study of Middle Palaeolithic riverside settlements at Maastricht-Belvédère (The Netherlands). Leiden University Press.
  • Romagnoli, F. (2015). A second life: Recycling production waste during the Middle Palaeolithic in layer L at Grotta del Cavallo (Lecce, southeast Italy). Quaternary International, 361, 200–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.07.033
  • Romagnoli, F., Bargalló, A., Chacón, M. G., Gómez, B., & Vaquero, M. (2016). Testing a hypothesis about the importance of the quality of raw material on technological changes at Abric Romaní (Capellades, Spain): some considerations using a high-resolution techno-economic perspective. Journal of Lithic Studies, 3(2), 635–659. https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.v3i2.1443
  • Romagnoli, F., & Vaquero, M. (2016). Quantitative stone tools intra-site point and orientation patterns of a Middle Palaeolithic living floor: A GIS multi-scalar spatial and temporal approach. Quartär, 63, 47–60. https://doi.org/10.7485/QU63_3
  • Rottländer, R. (1975). The formation of patina on flint. Archaeometry, 17(1), 106–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.1975.tb00120.x
  • Santamaría, M., Navazo, M., Benito, A., Alonso, R., López, G. I., & Carbonell, E. (2020). Atapuerca Neanderthal landscape at Fuente Mudarra site in Burgos, Spain, during marine isotope stages 5-3. Quaternary Research, 99, 248–269. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.65
  • Schiffer, M. B. (1972). Archaeological context and systemic context. American Antiquity, 37(2), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.2307/278203
  • Schiffer, M. B. (1983). Toward the identification of formation processes. American Antiquity, 48(4), 675–706. https://doi.org/10.2307/279771
  • Schiffer, M. B., Hollenback, K. L., Skibo, J. M., & Walker, W. H. (2010). Cultural formation processes. In M. B. Schiffer (Ed.), Behavioral archaeology: Principles and practice (pp. 25–37). Routledge.
  • Shott, M. J. (1996). An exegesis of the curation concept. Journal of Anthropological Research, 52(3), 259–280. https://doi.org/10.1086/jar.52.3.3630085
  • Skibo, J. M. (1992). Pottery function: A use-alteration perspective. Springer.
  • Takakura, J. (2018). Lithic refitting and its implication for the integrity and duration of site occupation: The case of the late Upper Paleolithic site of Kiusu-5 in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Quaternary International, 474(B), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.03.013
  • Thiébaut, C., Claud, É, Mourre, V., Chacón, M. G., Asselin, G., Brenet, M., & Paravel, B. (2010). Le recyclage et la réutilisation de nucléus et de bifaces au Paléolithique moyen en Europe occidentale: Quelles fonctions et quelles implications culturelles? Palethnologie, 2, 588. https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.588
  • Thiry, M., Fernandes, P., Milnes, A., & Raynal, J. P. (2014). Driving forces for the weathering and alteration of silica in the regolith: Implications for studies of prehistoric flint tools. Earth-Science Reviews, 136, 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.05.008
  • Turq, A., Roebroeks, J. W., Bourguignon, L., & Faivre, J. P. (2013). The fragmented character of Middle Palaeolithic stone tool technology. Journal of Human Evolution, 65(5), 641–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.014
  • Vadillo, M., Ricci, G., Bencomo, M., Aura, J. E., & Martini, F. (2021). A review of splintered pieces from two lithic assemblages in Mediterranean Europe: Grotta della Serratura (Marina di Camerota, Italy) and Cueva de Nerja (Málaga, Spain). Lithic Technology, 46(4), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2021.1924477
  • van Nest, J. (1985). Patination of Knife river artifacts. Plains Anthropologist, 30(110), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/2052546.1985.11909294
  • Vaquero, M. (2008). The history of stones: Behavioural inferences and temporal resolution of an archaeological assemblage from the Middle Palaeolithic. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35(12), 3178–3185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.07.006
  • Vaquero, M. (2011). New perspectives on recycling of lithic resources using refitting and spatial data. Quartär, 58, 113–130.
  • Vaquero, M., Alonso, S., García, S., García, A., Gómez, B., Rettig, D., & Soto, M. (2012). Temporal nature and recycling of Upper Paleolithic artifacts: The burned tools from the Molí de Salt site (Vimbodí i Poblet, northeastern Spain). Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(8), 2785–2796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.04.024
  • Vaquero, M., Bargalló, A., Chacón, M. G., Romagnoli, F., & Sañudo, P. (2015). Lithic recycling in a Middle Paleolithic expedient context: Evidence from the Abric Romaní (Capellades, Spain). Quaternary International, 361, 212–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.055
  • Vaquero, M., Fernández, M. C., Chacón, M. G., Romagnoli, F., Rosell, J., & Sañudo, P. (2017). Moving things: Comparing lithic and bone refits from a Middle Paleolithic site. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 48, 262–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2017.09.001
  • Vaquero, M., & Romagnoli, F. (2018). Searching for lazy people: The significance of expedient behavior in the interpretation of Paleolithic assemblages. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 25(2), 334–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-017-9339-x
  • Vaquero, M., Romagnoli, F., Bargalló, A., Chacón, M. G., Gómez, B., Picin, A., & Carbonell, E. (2019). Lithic refitting and intrasite artifact transport: A view from the Middle Paleolithic. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 11(9), 4491–4513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00832-5
  • Venditti, F., Nunziante-Cesaro, S., Parush, Y., Gopher, A., & Barkai, R. (2020). Recycling for a purpose in the late Lower Paleolithic Levant: Use-wear and residue analyses of small sharp flint items indicate a planned and integrated subsistence behavior at Qesem Cave (Israel). Journal of Human Evolution, 131, 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.016
  • Vuković, J. (2015). Secondary use, reuse and recycling of ceramic vessels: Evidence from late Neolithic Vinča. Arhaika, 3, 111–126.
  • Wilk, R., & Schiffer, M. B. (1979). The archaeology of vacant lots in Tucson, Arizona. American Antiquity, 44(3), 530–536. https://doi.org/10.2307/279551
  • Zaidner, Y., & Grosman, L. (2015). Middle Paleolithic sidescrapers were resharped or recycled? A view from Nesher Ramla, Israel. Quaternary International, 361, 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.037

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.