5,255
Views
77
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Droughts in Pakistan: a spatiotemporal variability analysis using the Standardized Precipitation Index

, , &
Pages 620-631 | Received 30 Jan 2013, Accepted 11 Jul 2013, Published online: 06 Sep 2013

References

  • Abadie, A. (2002). Bootstrap tests for distributional treatment effects in instrumental variable models. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 97(457), 284–292.
  • Agnew, C. T. (2000). Using the SPI to identify drought. Drought News Network, 12(1), 6–12.
  • Ahmad, S., Hussain, Z. A., Qureshi, S., Majeed, R., & Saleem, M. (2004). Drought mitigation in Pakistan: Current status and options for future strategies. Working Paper 85. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
  • AQUASTAT, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved January 5, 2013, from http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dbase/index.stm
  • Bloomfield, P. (1976). Fourier analysis of time series: An introduction. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Bonaccorso, B., Bordi, I., Cancielliere, A., Rossi, G. , & Sutera, A. (2003). Spatial variability of drought: An analysis of the SPI in Sicily. Water Resources Management, 17, 273–296.
  • Bordi, I., Frigio, S., Parenti, P., Speranza, A. , & Sutera, A. (2001). The analysis of the Standardized Precipitation Index in the Mediterranean areas: Regional patterns. Annals of Geophysics, 44(5–6), 979–994.
  • Briscoe, J. , & Qamar, U. (2007). Pakistan’s Water economy running dry. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University Press, Commissioned by World Bank.
  • Chaudhry, Q. Z. , & Rasul, G. (2004). Agroclimatic classification of Pakistan, Science Vision, 9(1–2 & 3–4), (July–Dec, 2003 & Jan–Jun, 2004), 59.
  • Gibbs, W. J. , & Maher, J. V. (1967). Rainfall deciles as drought indicators. Bureau of Meteorology Bulletin No. 48. Melbourne: Commonwealth of Australia.
  • Heim Jr, R. R. (2002). A review of twentieth-century drought indices used in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 83(8), 1149–1165.
  • Kamal, S. (2009). Pakistan’s water challenges: Entitlement, access, efficiency, and equity. In M. Kugelman. & R. M. Hathaway (Eds.), Running on empty: Pakistan’s water crisis. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Retrieved from www.wilsoncenter.org.
  • Labedzki, L. (2007). Estimation of local drought frequency in central Poland using the Standardized Precipitation Index SPI. Irrigation and Drainage, 56(1), 67–77.
  • Lorenz, E. N. (1956). Empirical orthogonal functions and statistical weather prediction (48pp). Scientific Report No. 1, Statistical Forecasting Project. Cambridge, MA: MIT.
  • Massey, F. J. (1951). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for goodness of fit. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 46(253), 68–78.
  • McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., & Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Preprints, 8th Conference on Applied Climatology, pp. 179–184. January 17–22, Anaheim, California.
  • Oki, T. , & Kanae, S. (2006). Global hydrological cycles and world water resources. Science, 313(5790), 1068–1072.
  • Pakistan Meteorological Department. (2013). Drought Bulletin of Pakistan: January–March 2013
  • Palmer, W. C. (1965). Meteorological drought. Research Paper No. 45. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce Weather Bureau.
  • Palmer, W. C. (1968). Keeping track of crop moisture conditions, nationwide: The new Crop Moisture Index. Weatherwise, 21, 156–161.
  • Percival, D. B. , & Walden, A. T. (1993). Spectral analysis for physical applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Raziei, T., Bordi, I. , & Pereira, L. S. (2011). An application of GPCC and NCEP/NCAR datasets for drought variability analysis in Iran. Water Resources Management, 25, 1075–1086.
  • Richman, M. B. (1986). Rotation of principal components. Journal of Climatology, 6, 293–335.
  • Santos, J. F., Pulido-Calvo, I. , & Portela, M. M. (2010). Spatial and temporal variability of droughts in Portugal. Water Resources Research, 46, W03503. doi:10.1029/2009WR008071
  • Shafer, B. A., & Dezman, L. E. (1982). Development of a Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI) to assess the severity of drought conditions in snowpack runoff areas. In Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, Reno, NV, April 19–23, 1982, pp. 164–175.
  • Tsakiris, G. , & Vangelis, H. (2004). Towards a drought watch system based on spatial SPI. Water Resources Management, 18, 1–12.
  • World Bank. (2005). Pakistan country water resources assistance strategy – Water economy: Running dry. South Asia Region, Agriculture and Rural Development Unit Report No. 34081-PK. Washington, DC.
  • World Meteorological Organization. (2012). Standardized precipitation index user guide. WMO-No 1090.
  • Yatagai, A., Arakawa, O., Kamiguchi, K., Kawamoto, H., Nodzu, M. I. , & Hamada, A. (2009). A 44-year daily gridded precipitation dataset for Asia based on a dense network of rain gauges. SOLA, 5, 137–140.
  • Yatagai, A., Kamiguchi, K., Arakawa, O., Hamada, A., Yasutomi, N. , & Kitoh, A. (2012). APHRODITE: Constructing a long-term daily gridded precipitation dataset for Asia based on a dense network of rain gauges. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93(9), 1401–1415.
  • Yue, S., Pilon, P., Phinney, B. , & Cavadias, G. (2002). The influence of autocorrelation on the ability to detect trend in hydrological series. Hydrological Processes, 16, 1807–1829.
  • Zargar, A., Sadiq, R., Naser, B. , & Khan, F. I. (2011). A review of drought indices. Environmental Reviews, 19, 333–349.