The water–energy–food (WEF) security nexus: the policy perspective of Bangladesh

References

• ADB. (2013). Thinking about water differently: Managing the water–food–energy nexus. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Ahiduzzaman, M., & Islam, A. K. M. S. (2009). Energy utilization and environmental aspects of rice processing industries in Bangladesh. Energies, 2, 134–149. doi:10.3390/en20100134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad, M. D., Kirby, M., Islam, M. S., Hossain, M. J., & Islam, M. M. (2014). Groundwater use for irrigation and its productivity: Status and opportunities for crop intensification for food security in Bangladesh. Water Resources Management, 28, 1415–1429. doi:10.1007/s11269-014-0560-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, M. H., Abustan, I., Rahman, M. A., & Haque, A. A. M. (2012). Sustainability of groundwater resources in the northeastern region of Bangladesh. Water Resources Management, 26(3), 623–641. doi:10.1007/s11269-011-9936-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amarasinghe, U. A., Sharma, B. R., Muthuwatta, L., & Khan, Z. H. (2014). Water for food in Bangladesh: outlook to 2030 ( IWMI Research Report 158). Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). doi:10.5337/2014.213
   Google Scholar
• Aminuzzaman, S. M. (2013). Dynamics of public policy: Determinants of policymaking and implementation in Bangladesh. Public Organization Review, 13(4), 443–458. doi:10.1007/s11115-013-0262-7
   Google Scholar
• Bach, H., Bird, J., Clausen, T. J., Jensen, K. M., Lange, R. B., Taylor, R. … Wolf, A. (2012). Transboundary River Basin management: Addressing water, energy and food security. Vientiane, LAO PDR: Mekong River Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Bahauddin, K. M. (2014). Environmental system management and governance needs in a developing country. Environment Systems and Decisions, 34, 342–357. doi:10.1007/s10669-013-9472-3
   Google Scholar
• Bala, B. K., Alam, M. S., & Debnath, N. (2014). Energy perspective of climate change: The case of Bangladesh. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 33(3), 6–22. doi:10.1080/10485236.2014.10781518
   Google Scholar
• Bazilian, M., Rogner, H., Howells, M., Hermann, S., Arent, D., Gielen, D. … Tol, R. S. J. (2011). Considering the energy, water and food nexus: Towards an integrated modelling approach. Energy Policy, 39(12), 7896–7906. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, D., Gain, A. K., & Rouillard, J. J. (2015). Water governance in a comparative perspective: From IWRM to a ‘Nexus’ approach? Water Alternatives, 8(1), 756–773.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhaduri, A., & Barbier, E. B. (2008). International water transfer and sharing: The case of the Ganges River. Environment and Development Economics, 13(1), 29–51. doi:10.1017/S1355770X07004056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biswas, A. K. (2008). Current directions: Integrated water resources management – A second look. Water International, 33(3), 274–278. doi:10.1080/02508060802272812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bizikova, L., Roy, D., Swanson, D., Venema, H. D., & McCandless, M. (2013). The water–energy–food security nexus: Towards a practical planning and decision-support framework for landscape investment and risk management. Manitoba, Canada: The International Institute for Sustainable Development.
   Google Scholar
• BPDB. (2010). Annual Report 2008–2009. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB). Retrieved from http://www.bpdb.gov.bd/download/Annual%20Report-10.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Briassoulis, H. (2004, December 3–4). Policy integration for complex policy problems. Paper Presented at the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Conference Greening of Policies: Inter-linkages and Policy Integration, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Bridgman, P., & Davis, G. (2003). What use is a policy cycle? Plenty, if the aim is clear. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 62(3), 98–102. doi:10.1046/j.1467-8500.2003.00342.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury, A. R., & Kipgen, N. (2013). Deluge amidst conflict: Hydropower development and displacement in the North-east region of India. Progress in Development Studies, 13(3), 195–208. doi:10.1177/1464993413486545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Condon, E., Hillmann, P., King, J., Lang, K., & Patz, A. (2009). Resource disputes in South Asia: Water scarcity and the potential for interstate conflict. Madison: Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin–Madison.
   Google Scholar
• Dupont, C., & Oberthür, S. (2012). Insufficient climate policy integration in EU energy policy: The importance of the long-term perspective. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 8(2), 228–247. Retrieved from http://www.jcer.net/index.php/jcer/article/view/474
   Google Scholar
• Ebinger, C. K. (2011). Energy and security in South Asia – Cooperation or conflict. Washington, DC: Brooking Institution Press.
   Google Scholar
• Faisal, I. M., & Parveen, S. (2004). Food security in the face of climate change, population growth, and resource constraints: Implications for Bangladesh. Environmental Management, 34(4), 487–498. doi:10.1007/s00267-003-3066-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkenmark, M., Lundqvist, J., & Widstrand, C. (1989). Macro-scale water scarcity requires micro scale approaches: Aspects of vulnerability in semi arid development. Natural Resources Forum, 13(4), 258–267. doi:10.1111/j.1477-8947.1989.tb00348.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gain, A. K., Apel, H., Renaud, F. G., & Giupponi, C. (2013b). Thresholds of hydrologic flow regime of a river and investigation of climate change impact – The case of the Lower Brahmaputra river Basin. Climatic Change, 120(1–2), 463–475. doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0800-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gain, A. K., Aryal, K. P., Sana, P., & Uddin, M. N. (2007). Effect of River Salinity on crop diversity: A case study of south west coastal region of Bangladesh. Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, 8, 35–43.
   Google Scholar
• Gain, A. K., & Giupponi, C. (2014). Impact of the Farakka Dam on Thresholds of the hydrologic flow regime in the lower Ganges River Basin (Bangladesh). Water, 6(8), 2501–2518. doi:10.3390/w6082501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gain, A. K., & Giupponi, C. (2015). A dynamic assessment of water scarcity risk in the Lower Brahmaputra River Basin: An integrated approach. Ecological Indicators, 48, 120–131. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.07.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gain, A. K., Rouillard, J. J., & Benson, D. (2013a). Can integrated water resources management increase adaptive capacity to climate change adaptation? A critical review. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 5(04), 11–20. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2013.54A003
   Google Scholar
• Gain, A. K., & Schwab, M. (2012). An assessment of water governance trends: The case of Bangladesh. Water Policy, 14(5), 821–840. doi:10.2166/wp.2012.143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gain, A. K., Uddin, M. N., & Sana, P. (2008). Impact of River Salinity on fish diversity in the south-west coastal region of Bangladesh. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science, 34, 49–54.
   Google Scholar
• Gain, A. K., & Wada, Y. (2014). Assessment of future water scarcity at different spatial and temporal scales of the Brahmaputra River Basin. Water Resources Management, 28(4), 999–1012. doi:10.1007/s11269-014-0530-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallego-Ayala, J., & Juízo, D. (2011). Strategic implementation of integrated water resources management in Mozambique: An A’WOT analysis. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C, 36(14–15), 1103–1111. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2011.07.040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, G. (2012). Policy: Base sustainable development goals on science. Nature, 491, 35–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granit, J., Jägerskog, A., Lindström, A., Björklund, G., Bullock, A., Löfgren, R. … Pettigrew, S. (2012). Regional options for addressing the water, energy and food nexus in Central Asia and the Aral Sea Basin. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 28(3), 419–432. doi:10.1080/07900627.2012.684307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griggs, D., Stafford Smith, M., Rockström, J., Öhman, M. C., Gaffney, O., Glaser, G. … Shyamsundar, P. (2014). An integrated framework for sustainable development goals. Ecology and Society, 19(4), 49. doi:10.5751/ES-07082-190449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griggs, D., Stafford-Smith, M., Gaffney, O., Rockström, J., Öhman, M. C., Shyamsundar, P. … Noble, I. (2013). Policy: Sustainable development goals for people and planet. Nature, 495, 305–307. doi:10.1038/495305a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hering, J., & Ingold, K. M. (2012). Water resources management: What should be integrated? Science, 336, 1234–1235. doi:10.1126/science.1218230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoff, H. (2011). Understanding the Nexus’ (Background Paper for the Bonn 2011 Conference: The Water, Energy and Food Security Nexus). Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Hossain, M. S., Uddin, M. J., & Fakhruddin, A. N. M. (2013). Impacts of shrimp farming on the coastal environment of Bangladesh and approach for management. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 12(3), 313–332. doi:10.1007/s11157-013-9311-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICIMOD. (2012). Contribution of Himalayan ecosystems to water, energy, and food security in South Asia: A nexus approach. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD).
   Google Scholar
• Islam, A., Chan, E.-S., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Mondal, M. A. H., Moniruzzaman, M., & Mridha, M. (2014). Energy security in Bangladesh perspective – An assessment and implication. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, 154–171. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M. M. (2014). The contending images of food security in Bangladesh. Journal of International Development, 26, 1054–1070. doi:10.1002/jid.2995
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan, A., & Lenschow, A. (2010). Environmental policy integration: A state of the art review. Environmental Policy and Governance, 20(3), 147–158. doi:10.1002/eet.539
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, I., Chowdhury, H., Alam, F., Alam, Q., & Afrin, S. (2012). An investigation into potential impacts of climate change on power generation in Bangladesh. Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environment, 3(3), 103–110.
   Google Scholar
• Koehlmoos, T., Rashid, M., Rahman, Z., Cravioto, A., & Hanney, S. (2009). Understanding the role of evidence in policy making in Bangladesh. Dhaka: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/alliance-hpsr/projects/alliancehpsr_snpreport1bang09.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lawford, R., Bogardi, J., Marx, S., Jain, S., Pahl-Wostl, C., Knüppe, K. … Meza, F. (2013). Basin perspectives on the water–energy–food security nexus. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5(6), 607–616. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leentvaar, J. (2014, May 19–24). Policy making. Paper Presented at the Summer Water Academy on Communicating Science on the Water–Energy–Food Nexus: Bridging the Link between Science & Policy, organized by Global Water System Project, Bonn, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Lipu, M. S. H., & Bhuiyan, A. M. W. (2014). Electricity access in urban slum households of Bangladesh: A case of Dhaka. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 6(5), 053112. doi:10.1063/1.4896697
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallick, B., & Vogt, J. (2014). Population displacement after cyclone and its consequences: Empirical evidence from coastal Bangladesh. Natural Hazards, 73(2), 191–212. doi:10.1007/s11069-013-0803-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, E. L., Underdal, A., Andresen, S., Skjaerseth, J. B., Wettestad, J., Carlin, E., & Curlier, M. (2001). Explaining regime effectiveness. Confronting Theory with evidence. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mirza, M. M. Q. (1998). Diversion of the Ganges water at Farakka and its effects on salinity in Bangladesh. Environmental Management, 22(5), 711–722. doi:10.1007/s002679900141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirza, M. M. Q. (2002). Global warming and changes in the probability of occurrence of floods in Bangladesh and implications. Global Environmental Change, 12(2), 127–138. doi:10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00002-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirza, M. M. Q. (2011). Climate change, flooding in South Asia and implications. Regional Environmental Change, 11, S95–S107. doi:10.1007/s10113-010-0184-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirza, M. M. Q., & Hossain, M. A. (2005). Adverse effects on agriculture in the Ganges Basin in Bangladesh. In M. M. Q. Mirza (Ed.), The Ganges water diversion: Environmental effects and implications, water science and technology (Vol. 49, pp. 177–196). Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• MoEF. (2012). Bangladesh – Rio+20: National Report on Sustainable Development. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of Bangladesh.
   Google Scholar
• MoFDM. (2006). National Food Policy 2006. Dhaka: Ministry of Food and Disaster Management, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
   Google Scholar
• Mondal, M. A. H., Boie, W., & Denich, M. (2010). Future demand scenarios of Bangladesh power sector. Energy Policy, 38(11), 7416–7426. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoP. (2010). Outline perspective plan of Bangladesh 2010–2020: Making vision 2021 a reality. Dhaka: Ministry of Planning (MoP), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
   Google Scholar
• MoP. (2011). Sixth five year plan FY2011–FY2015: Accelerating growth and reducing poverty. Part I, II & III. Dhaka: Ministry of Planning (MoP), Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
   Google Scholar
• MoPEMR. (2004). National energy policy 2004. Dhaka: Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.
   Google Scholar
• MoWR (Ministry of Water Resources). (1999). National water policy. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Government of Bangladesh.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson, M., & Persson, A. (2003). Framework for analysing environmental policy integration. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 5(4), 333–359. doi:10.1080/1523908032000171648
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom, E. (1986). An agenda for the study of institutions. Public Choice, 48(1), 3–25. doi:10.1007/BF00239556
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry, M. (2012). Food and energy security: Exploring the challenges of attaining secure and sustainable supplies of food and energy. Food and Energy Security, 1(1), 1–2. doi:10.1002/fes3.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parveen, S., & Faisal, I. M. (2002). People versus power: The geopolitics of Kaptai Dam in Bangladesh. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 18(1), 197–208. doi:10.1080/07900620220121756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson, Å. (2004). Environmental policy integration: An introduction ( PINTS – Policy Integration for Sustainability Background Paper). Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Rabbani, G., & Baroi, H. S. (2012). Political priority and policy process: A recent example from Bangladesh. Asian Social Science, 8(1), 247–252. doi:10.5539/ass.v8n1p247
   Google Scholar
• Rahaman, M. M. (2009). Integrated Ganges basin management: Conflict and hope for regional development. Water Policy, 11(2), 168–190. doi:10.2166/wp.2009.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahaman, M. M., & Varis, O. (2009). Integrated water management of the Brahmaputra basin: Perspectives and hope for regional development. Natural Resources Forum, 33, 60–75. doi:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2009.01209.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. M. (2012). The ‘guided ownership’ revisited: An agenda for independent policy making in Bangladesh. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 4(5), 84–92. doi:10.5897/JPAPR12.017
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. W., & Parvin, L. (2009). Impact of irrigation on food security in Bangladesh for the past three decades. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 1, 216–225. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2009.13027
   Google Scholar
• Rasul, G. (2014). Food, water, and energy security in South Asia: A nexus perspective from the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Environmental Science & Policy, 39, 35–48. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasul, G., & Sharma, B. (2015). The nexus approach to water–energy–food security: An option for adaptation to climate change. Climate Policy 2015 10.1080/14693062.2015.1029865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouillard, J. J., Benson, D., & Gain, A. K. (2014). Evaluating IWRM implementation success: Are water policies in Bangladesh enhancing adaptive capacity to climate change impacts?. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 30(3), 515–527. doi:10.1080/07900627.2014.910756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouillard, J. J., Heal, K. V., Ball, T., & Reeves, A. D. (2013). Policy integration for adaptive water governance: Learning from Scotland’s experience. Environmental Science & Policy, 33, 378–387. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2013.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, R., & Chan, N. W. (2014). A multi-level evaluation of policy integration of human resource development in agriculture sector. Natural Resources, 5, 119–129. doi:10.4236/nr.2014.54013
   Google Scholar
• Shah, T., Scott, C., Kishore, A., & Sharma, A. (2004). Energy–irrigation nexus in South Asia: improving groundwater conservation and power sector viability ( IWMI Research Report 70). Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
   Google Scholar
• Shahid, S. (2012). Vulnerability of the power sector of Bangladesh to climate change and extreme weather events. Regional Environmental Change, 12(3), 595–606. doi:10.1007/s10113-011-0276-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahid, S., & Hazarika, M. K. (2010). Groundwater drought in the northwestern districts of Bangladesh. Water Resources Management, 24(10), 1989–2006. doi:10.1007/s11269-009-9534-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, J. D., & Tuden, A. (1959). Strategies, structure, and processes of organizational decision. In J. D. Thompson & J. Woodward (Eds.), Comparative administration studies (pp. 195–216). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Underdal, A. (1980). Integrated marine policy: What? Why? How? Marine Policy, 4(3), 159–169. doi:10.1016/0308-597X(80)90051-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). (2009). Integrated policymaking for sustainable development: A reference manual. Kenya, Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.
   Google Scholar
• WEF. (2011). Water security: The water–food–energy–climate nexus. Washington, DC: World Economic Forum (WEF), Island Press.
   Google Scholar