References
- Bermudez-Contreras, A., & Thomson, M. (2010). Modified operation of a small scale energy recovery device for seawater reverse osmosis. Desalination and Water Treatment, 13, 195–202. doi:10.5004/dwt.2010.990
- Dawson, J. S., & Brennan, J. (2012). Desalination: Solutions and roadmap for an improved water supply. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
- Delgado, D. J., & Moreno, P. (2008). Desalination research progress. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
- Desaldata. (2016). GWI Desaldata database. Retrieved from https://www.desaldata.com/
- Dimitriou, E., Mohamed, E. S., Karavas, C., & Papadakis, G. (2015). Experimental comparison of the performance of two reverse osmosis desalination units equipped with different energy recovery devices. Desalination and Water Treatment, 55, 3019–3026.
- Drabløs, L. S. (2005). Testing of Danfoss APP1.0-2.2 with APP pumps as water hydraulic motors for energy recovery. Desalination, 183, 41–54. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2005.04.022
- Elimelech, M., & Phillip, W. A. (2011). The future of seawater desalination: Energy, technology, and the environment. Science, 333, 712–717. doi:10.1126/science.1200488
- Farooque, A. M., Jamaluddin, A. T. M., & Al-Reweli, A. R. (2004). Comparative study of various energy recovery devices used in SWRO process (Technical Report No. TR.3807/EVP 02005). Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.501.5964&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Folley, M., Suarez, B. P., & Whittaker, T. (2008). An autonomous wave-powered desalination system. Desalination, 220, 412–421. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.044
- Fritzmann, C., Löwenberg, J., Wintgens, T., & Melin, T. (2007). State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination. Desalination, 216, 1–76. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.12.009
- Greenlee, L. F., Lawler, D. F., Freeman, B. D., Marrot, B., & Moulin, P. (2009). Reverse osmosis desalination: Water sources, technology, and today’s challenges. Water Research, 43, 2317–2348. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.010
- Gude, V. G. (2011). Energy consumption and recovery in reverse osmosis. Desalination and Water Treatment, 36, 239–260. doi:10.5004/dwt.2011.2534
- Kim, Y., Kang, M. G., Lee, S., Jeon, S. G., & Choi, J.-S. (2013). Reduction of energy consumption in seawater reverse osmosis desalination pilot plant by using energy recovery devices. Desalination and Water Treatment, 51, 766–771. doi:10.1080/19443994.2012.705549
- Kim, Y. C., Ham, Y.-B., & Park, S.-J. (2010). Energy recovery through a water-hydraulic motor in a small scale RO desalination system. Desalination and Water Treatment, 15, 172–177. doi:10.5004/dwt.2010.1682
- KSB. (2013). Compact high energy system for RO plant. World Pumps, 2013, 27–28.
- KSB. (2016). SALINO® pressure centre by KSB. Retrieved from https://www.ksb.com/salino-en
- Lu, Y., Zhao, Y., Bu, G., & Shu, P. (2011). The integration of water vane pump and hydraulic vane motor for a small desalination system. Desalination, 276, 60–65. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.023
- MacHarg, J. P. (2001). The evolution of SWRO energy-recovery systems. Desalination and Water Reuse, 11, 49–53.
- MacHarg, J. P. (2003). Retro-fitting existing SWRO systems with a new energy recovery device. Desalination, 153, 253–264. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(02)01144-X
- March, H. (2015). The politics, geography, and economics of desalination: A critical review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 2, 231–243. doi:10.1002/wat2.1073
- Mohamed, E. S., Papadakis, G., Mathioulakis, E., & Belessiotis, V. (2005). The effect of hydraulic energy recovery in a small sea water reverse osmosis desalination system; experimental and economical evaluation. Desalination, 184, 241–246. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2005.02.066
- Pankratz, T. (2012). International Desalination Association (IDA) desalination yearbook 2011-2012, Water Desalination Report. Oxford: Media Analytics.
- Pankratz, T. (2013). International Desalination Association (IDA) desalination yearbook 2012-2013, Water Desalination Report. Oxford: Media Analytics.
- Pankratz, T. (2014). International Desalination Association (IDA) desalination yearbook 2013-2014, Water Desalination Report. Oxford: Media Analytics.
- Paulsen, K., & Hensel, F. (2005). Introduction of a new energy recovery system - optimized for the combination with renewable energy. Desalination, 184, 211–215. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2005.03.060
- Peñate, B., de la Fuente, J. A., & Barreto, M. (2010). Operation of the RO Kinetic® energy recovery system: Description and real experiences. Desalination, 252, 179–185. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2009.06.078
- Service, R. F. (2006). Desalination freshens up. Science, 313, 1088–1090. doi:10.1126/science.313.5790.1088
- Silbernagel, M., Kuepper, T., & Oklejas, E. (1992). Evaluation of a pressure boosting pump/turbine device for reverse osmosis energy recovery: Extended testing on a seawater desalination system. Desalination, 88, 311–319. doi:10.1016/0011-9164(92)80123-Q
- Song, J., & Law, A. W. K. (2015). Longitudinal dispersion of turbulent oscillatory pipe flows. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 15, 563–593. doi:10.1007/s10652-014-9374-z
- Spectra Watermakers. (2016). The spectra clark pump. Retrieved from https://www.spectrawatermakers.com/us/us/explore/our-technology
- Stover, R. L. (2004). Development of a fourth generation energy recovery device. A ‘CTO’s notebook. Desalination, 165, 313–321. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(04)00240-1
- Stover, R. L. (2007). Seawater reverse osmosis with isobaric energy recovery devices. Desalination, 203, 168–175. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.528
- Stover, R. L. (2010). Retrofits to improve desalination plants. Desalination and Water Treatment, 13, 33–41. doi:10.5004/dwt.2010.1064
- Straits Times. (2016). PUB calls tender for 4th desalination plant, to be built in Marina East by 2019. Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/
- Sun, J., Wang, Y., Xu, S., Wang, S., & Wang, Y. (2009). Performance prediction of hydraulic energy recovery (HER) device with novel mechanics for small-scale SWRO desalination system. Desalination, 249, 667–671. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2009.03.009
- Thomson, M., Miranda, M. S., & Infield, D. (2003). A small-scale seawater reverse-osmosis system with excellent energy efficiency over a wide operating range. Desalination, 153, 229–236. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(02)01141-4
- Urbonienė, I. A. (2010). Desalination: Methods, costs and technology. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
- Valbjørn, A. (2009). ERD for small SWRO plants. Desalination, 248, 636–641. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.113
- Virgili, F., Pankratz, T., & Gasson, J. (2016). International desalination association (IDA) desalination yearbook 2015–2016, Water Desalination Report. Oxford: Media Analytics.
- Went, J., Kroemke, F., Schmoch, H., & Vetter, M. (2010). The energy demand for desalination with solar powered reverse osmosis units. Desalination and Water Treatment, 21, 138–147. doi:10.5004/dwt.2010.1302
- Wood, R. (2007). Sun- and wind-powered, solar cube is a self-contained water purification system. Journal American Water Works Association, 99, 38–41.
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2008). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/gdwq0506.pdf
- Zander, A. K., Elimelech, M., Furukawa, D. H., Gleick, P., Herd, K. R., Jones, K. L., … Wood, W. W. (2008). Desalination: A national perspective, National Research Council. Chicago, IL: The National Academies.