1,603
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Backpacking and risk perception: the case of solo Asian women

& ORCID Icon
Pages 19-29 | Received 25 Apr 2019, Accepted 19 Jun 2019, Published online: 11 Jul 2019

References

  • Adam, I. (2015). Backpackers’ risk perceptions and risk reduction strategies in Ghana. Tourism Management, 49, 99–108.
  • Basala, S. L., & Klenosky, D. B. (2001). Travel-style preferences for visiting a novel destination: A Conjoint Investigation Across The Novelty-Familiarity Continuum. Journal of Travel Research, 40(2), 172–182.
  • Bell, D. A., & Chaibong, H. (2003). Confucianism for the modern world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bell, K., Fahmy, E., & Gordon, D. (2014). Quantitative conversations: the importance of developing rapport in standardized interviewing. Quality and Quantity, 50, 193–212.
  • Berdychevsky, L., Gibson, H., & Bell, H. (2013). Girlfriend getaways and women's well-being. Journal of Leisure Research, 45(5), 602–623.
  • Bianchi, C. (2016). Solo holiday travellers: Motivators and drivers of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18, 197–208.
  • Brunt, P., Mawby, R., & Hambly, Z. (2000). Tourist victimisation and the fear of crime on holiday. Tourism Management, 21, 417–424.
  • Bui, H. T., Wilkins, H., & Lee, Y.-S. (2014). Liminal experience of East Asian backpackers. Tourist Studies, 14(2), 126–143. doi: 10.1177/1468797614532179
  • Cai, L. A., & Combrink, T. E. (2000). Japanese female travelers: A unique outbound market. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 5(1), 16–24.
  • Carr, N. (2001). An exploratory study of gendered differences in young tourists perception of danger within London. Tourism Management, 22, 565–570.
  • Chiang C.-Y., & Jogaratnam, G. (2006). Why do women travel solo for purposes of leisure? Journal of Vacation Marketing 12(1), 59–70.
  • Cohen, E. (1972). Towards sociology of international tourism. Sociological Research, 9, 164–182.
  • Cohen, E. (2018). Backpacker enclaves research: Achievements, critique and alternative approaches. Tourism Recreation Research, 43(1), 105–116. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2017.1388572
  • Collins-Kreiner, N., Yonay, Y., & Even, M. (2018). Backpacking memories: A retrospective approach to the narratives of young backpackers. Tourism Recreation Research, 43(3), 409–412. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2018.1464637
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Dickson, T., & Dolnicar, S. (2004). No risk, no fun: The role of perceived risk in adventure tourism. CD proceedings of the 13th international research conference of the Council of Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE 2004 ), Sydney.
  • Doran, A. (2016). Empowerment and women in adventure tourism: A negotiated journey. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 20(1), 57-80. doi: 10.1080/14775085.2016.1176594j
  • Elliot, M. (2015). Solo female travel on the rise in Southeast Asia. In Travel Daily Media. Retrieved from http://www.traveldailymedia.com/218965/solo-female-travel-on-the-rise-in-southeast-asia/
  • Elsrud, T. (2001). Risk creation in traveling: Backpacker Adventure Narration. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 597–617.
  • Foucault, M. (1986). Of other spaces. Diacritics, 16(1), 22–27.
  • Fuchs, G. (2013). Low versus high sensation-seeking tourists: A study of backpackers’ experience risk perception. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(1), 81–93.
  • Galleta, A. (2013). Mastering the semi-structured interview and beyond: From research design to analysis and publication. New York City: New York University Press.
  • Gao, X. (2003). Women existing for men: Confucianism and social injustice against women in ancient China. Race, Gender and Class, 10(3), 114–125.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. New York, NY: Aldine.
  • Hashimoto, A. (2000). Young Japanese female tourists: An in-depth understanding of a market segment. Current Issues in Tourism, 3(1), 35–50.
  • Heimtum, B., & Abelsen, B. (2014). Singles and solo travel: Gender and type of holiday. Tourism, Culture and Communications, 13: 161–174
  • Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London: McGraw Hill.
  • Huang, T. B., Hugh, C. W., & Young, S. L. (2013). The ‘imagined West’ of young independent travelers from Asia. Annals of Leisure Research, 16(2), 130–148.
  • Jin, Y. (2016, January 18). The Issue of Gender Equality in Confucian Culture. Engenderings. London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved from https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/2016/01/18/the-issue-of-gender-equality-in-confucian-culture/
  • Jordan, F., & Aitchison, C. (2008). Tourism and the sexualisation of the gaze: solo female tourists’ experiences of gendered power, surveillance and embodiment. Leisure Studies, 27(3), 329–349. doi: 10.1080/02614360802125080
  • June, O. Y. (2009). The impact of Confucianism on interpersonal relationships and communication patterns in east Asia. Communications Monograph, 55(4), 374–388.
  • Larsen, S., Brun, W., & Øgaard, T. (2009). What tourists worry about: Construction of a scale measuring tourist worries. Tourism Management, 30(2), 260–265.
  • Larsen, S., Øgaard, T., & Brun, W. (2011). Backpackers and mainstreamers: Realities and myths. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 690–707.
  • Lee Y. Y., (1992). The image of culture (In Chinese). Taipei: Asian-Culture.
  • Li, J. (2014). Social psychology study on the sex security of female tourists: Based on the sexual harassment of a Thailand. The Chinese Journal of Human Sexuality, 23(8), 87–90.
  • Liang, S. M. (1989). The substance of Chinese culture (In Chinese). Taipei: Cheng Chung Book.
  • Lin, F. M. (2008). Women’s movement and the development of civil society in Taiwan. Fifth Annual Conference of European Association of Taiwan Studies, Prague, Czech.
  • Ling, E., & Mura, P. (2016). Asian gendered identities in tourism. In C. Khoo-Lattimore & P. Mura (Eds.), Asian genders in tourism (pp. 6–22). Bristol: Channel View.
  • Loker-Murphy, L., & Pearce, P. L. (1995). Young budget travelers: Backpackers in Australia. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 819–843.
  • Maoz, D. (2007). Backpackers’ motivations: The role of culture and nationality. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(1), 122–140.
  • McNamara, K. E., & Prideaux, B. (2010). A typology of solo independent women travellers. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(3), 253–264.
  • Muzaini, H. (2006). Backpacking Southeast Asia: Strategies of “looking local”. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 144–161.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2006). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Noy, C. (2004a). This trip really changed me: Backpackers’ narratives of self-change. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 78–102.
  • Noy, C. (2004b). Performing identity: Touristic narratives of self-change. Text and Performance Quarterly, 24(2), 115–138. doi: 10.1080/1046293042000288353
  • Paris, C., Musa, M., & Thirumoorthi, T. (2015). A comparison between Asian and Australasia backpackers using cultural consensus analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(2), 175–195. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2014.920771
  • Paris, C., & Teye, V. (2010). Backpacker motivations: A travel career approach. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 19(3), 244–259. doi: 10.1080/19368621003591350
  • Pateman, C. (1988). The sexual contract. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Pearce, P., Wu, M., & Osmond, A. (2013). Puzzles in understanding Chinese tourist behaviour: Towards a triple-C gaze. Tourism Recreation Research, 38(2), 145–157. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2013.11081741
  • Pereira, A., & Silva, C. (2018). Motivations and experiences of women solo travellers. International Journal of Multidisciplinarity in Business and Science, 4(5), 134–138.
  • Plog, S. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. Cornell Quarterly, 14(9), 55–58.
  • Prideaux, B., & Shiga, H. (2007). Japanese backpacking: The emergence of a new market sector – a Queensland case study. Tourism Review International, 11, 45–56.
  • Reisinger, Y. A., & Mavondo, F. (2005). Travel anxiety and intentions to travel internationally: Implications of travel risk perception. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 212–225.
  • Salazar, N. B., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Seasonal lifestyle tourism: The case of Chinese elites. Annals of Tourism Research, 43(4), 81–99.
  • Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (1991). Consumer behavior (4th ed.). New York, NY: Prentice-Hall.
  • Seddighi, H., Nuttall, M., & Theochaous, A. (2001). Does cultural background of tourists influence the destination choice? An empirical study with special references to political instability. Tourism Management, 22, 181–191.
  • Seow, D., & Brown, L. (2018). The solo female Asian tourist. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(10), 1187–1206. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2017.1423283
  • Sharifpour, M., Walters, G., & Ritchie, B. W. (2014). Risk perception, prior knowledge, and willingness to travel: Investigating the Australian tourist market’s risk perceptions towards the Middle East. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 20(2), 111–123. doi: 10.1177/1356766713502486
  • Solo traveler shares new research on solo female travel. (2018, February 13). PR Newswire. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lb.polyu.edu.hk/docview/2001574827?accountid=16210
  • Sun, L. K. (1983). The deep structure of Chinese culture (In Chinese). Taipei: Tonsan Books.
  • Toh, J., Awang, K., & Bojei, J. (2017). Generation Y Malaysian women’s perception towards solo travel. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism 6(2), 45–54.
  • Uriely, N., Yonay, Y., & Simchai, D. (2002). Backpacking experiences: A type and form analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 520–538.
  • Wade, R. (2014). Governing the market: Economic theory and the role of government in East Asian industrialization. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press.
  • Wilson, E., & Little, D. (2008). The solo female travel experience: Exploring the ‘geography of women's fear’. Current Issues in Tourism, 11(2), 167–186. doi: 10.2167/cit342.0
  • Wilson, E., & Little, D. E. (2005). A ‘relative escape’? The impact of constraints on women who travel solo. Tourism Review International, 9, 155–175.
  • Winichakul, T. (2000). The others within: Travel and ethno-spatial differentiation of Siamese subjects 1885–1910. In A. Turton (Ed.), Civility and savagery: Social identity in Tai states (pp. 38–62). Surrey: Curzon Press.
  • Yang, E. C. L., Sharif, S. P., & Khoo-Lattimore, C. (2015). Tourists’ risk perception of risky destinations: The case of Sabah’s eastern coast. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 15(3), 206–221.
  • Yang, E., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Arcodia, C. (2017). A narrative review of Asian female travelers: Looking into the future through the past. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(10), 1008–1027.
  • Yang, E., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Arcodia, C. (2018). Constructing space and self through risk taking: A case of Asian solo female travellers. Journal of Travel Research, 57(2), 260–272.
  • Yang, E., & Nair, V. (2014). Tourism at risk: A review of risk and perceived risk in tourism. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism, 3(2), 239–259.
  • Zhang, J., Morrison, A., & Tucker, H. (2018). Am I a backpacker? Factors indicating the social identity of Chinese backpackers. Journal of Travel Research, 57(4), 525–539.
  • Zhang, J., Tucker, H., Morrison, A., & Wu, B. (2017). Becoming a backpacker in China: A grounded theory approach to identity construction of backpackers. Annals of Tourism Research, 64, 114–125.
  • Zhang, Y., & Hitchcock, M. (2017). The Chinese female tourist gaze: A netnography of young women's blogs on Macao. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(3), 315–330. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2014.904845
  • Zhu, J. (2014). Gender comparison of university student travel behavior. Tibetan Plateau Forum, 2(2), 115–121.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.