Antecedents of Adoption of Virtual Reality in Experiencing Destination: A Study on the Indian Consumers

References

• Alalwan, A. A., Baabdullah, A. M., Rana, N. P., Tamilmani, K., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2018). Examining the adoption of mobile internet in Saudi Arabia: Extending TAM with perceived enjoyment, innovativeness and trust. Technology in Society, doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ameen, N., Willis, R., & Shah, M. H. (2018). An examination of the gender gap in smartphone adoption and use in Arab countries: A cross-national study. Computers in Human Behavior, 89(December), 148–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagri, S. C., & Kala, D. (2015). Tourists' satisfaction at Trijuginarayan: An emerging spiritual and adventure tourist destination in Garhwal Himalaya India. Turizam, 19(4), 165–182.
   Google Scholar
• Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–94.
   Google Scholar
• Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88(4), 354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, H., Dittenbach, M., Merkl, D., Bogdanovych, A., Simoff, S., & Sierra, C. (2007). Opening new dimensions for e-tourism. Virtual Reality, 11(2-3), 75–87.
   Google Scholar
• Bilandzic, H., & Busselle, R. W. (2011). Enjoyment of films as a function of narrative experience, perceived realism and transportability. Communication Theory, 18(2), 255–280.
   Google Scholar
• Bloomberg. (2018). Tourism in India is booming. But why is everyone so worried? - The Economic Times. Retrieved March 3, 2019, from https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/travel/tourism-in-india-is-booming-but-why-is-everyone-so-worried/articleshow/64890122.cms?from=mdr.
   Google Scholar
• Business line. (2018). It’s real: AR/VR market to grow 76% over 5 years - The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved from https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/its-real-arvr-market-to-grow-76-over-5-years/article10010306.ece.
   Google Scholar
• Business Standard. (2014, July 23). Travel agent arrested for cheating people. Retrieved from https://www.businessstandard.com/article/pti-stories/travel-agent-arrested-forcheating-people-114072301737_1.html
   Google Scholar
• Chadda, R. K., & Deb, K. S. (2013). Indian family systems, collectivistic society and psychotherapy. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(suppl 2), S299–S309. doi: 10.4103/00195545.105555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhary, M. (2000). India's image as a tourist destination—a perspective of foreign tourists. Tourism Management, 21(3), 293–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawla, D., & Joshi, H. (2018). The moderating effect of demographic variables on mobile Banking adoption: An empirical Investigation. Global Business Review, 19, S90–S113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, V. H. H., Duh, H. B. L., Phuah, P. S. K., & Lam, D. Z. Y. (2006). Enjoyment or engagement? Role of social interaction in playing massively mulitplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGS). In Proceedings of International Conference on Entertainment Computing (pp. 262-267). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
   Google Scholar
• Childers, T. L., Carr, C. L., Peck, J., & Carson, S. (2001). Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for online retail shopping behavior. Journal of Retailing, 77(4), 511–535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, Y. H., Wang, Y., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2002). Searching for experiences: The web-based virtual tour in tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 12(4), 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Csikzentmihalyi, M. (1977). Beyond Boredom and Anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22(14), 1111–1132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Disztinger, P., Schlögl, S., & Groth, A. (2017). Technology acceptance of virtual reality for travel planning. In R. Schegg, & B. Stangl (eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2017 (pp. 255–268). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Dobrowolski, P., Pochwatko, G., Skorko, M., & Bielecki, M. (2014). The effects of virtual experience on attitudes toward real brands. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(2), 125–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Economic Times. (2017). India to have 530mn smartphone users in 2018: Study. Retrieved from: https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india-to-have-530mn-smartphone-users-in-2018-study/61097817.
   Google Scholar
• Fagan, M., Kilmon, C., & Pandey, V. (2012). Exploring the adoption of a virtual reality simulation: The role of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and personal innovativeness. Campus-Wide Information Systems, 29(2), 117–127.
   Google Scholar
• Felnhofer, A., Kothgassner, O. D., Hauk, N., Beutl, L., Hlavacs, H., & Kryspin-Exner, I. (2014). Physical and social presence in collaborative virtual environments: Exploring age and gender differences with respect to empathy. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 272–279. doi: 10.1016/J.CHB.2013.10.045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fotakis, T., & Economides, A. A. (2008). Art, science/technology and history museums on the web. International Journal of Digital Culture and Electronic Tourism, 1(1), 37–63.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, J., Arena, D., & Bailenson, J. N. (2009). Virtual reality: A survival guide for the social scientist. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 21(3), 95.
   Google Scholar
• Gaines, J., & Lee, C. V. (2019). Medical tourism. Travel Medicine, 371–375.
   Google Scholar
• Gardiner, S., King, B., & Wilkins, H. (2013). The travel behaviours of international students: Nationality-based constraints and opportunities. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 19(4), 287–299.
   Google Scholar
• Gautam, V. (2012). An empirical investigation of consumers’ preferences about tourism services in Indian context with special reference to state of Himachal Pradesh. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1591–1592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gefen, D., Karahanna, E., & Straub, D. W. (2003). Inexperience and experience with online stores: The importance of TAM and trust. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 50(3), 307–321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghani, J. A., Supnick, R., & Rooney, P. (1991, January). The experience of flow in computer-mediated and in face-to-face Groups. ICIS, 91(6), 229–237.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, A., & O’Rawe, M. (2018). Virtual reality as a travel promotional tool: Insights from a consumer travel fair. In T. Jung, & M. C. tom Dieck (eds.), Augmented reality and virtual reality (pp. 93–107). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Global Travel Intention (GTI). (2018). Indian travelers take longer trips, more frequently, and spend 40% more than their regional counterparts - Visa Study | Press Release | Visa. Retrieved from https://www.visa.co.in/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases/indian-travelers-take-longer-trips-more-frequently-and-spend-40-percent-more-than-their-regional-counterparts-visa-study.html.
   Google Scholar
• Google. (2016). Millennial travellers: mobile shopping and booking behaviour. Retrieved from: https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/advertising-channels/mobile-marketing/millennial-travelers-mobile-shopping-booking-behavior/.
   Google Scholar
• Govender, I., & Sihlali, W. (2014). A study of mobile banking adoption among university students using an extended TAM. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(7), 451.
   Google Scholar
• Gutierrez, M., Vexo, F., & Thalmann, D. (2008). Stepping into virtual reality. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Guttentag, D. A. (2010). Virtual reality: Applications and implications for tourism. Tourism Management, 31(5), 637–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha, S., & Stoel, L. (2009). Consumer e-shopping acceptance: Antecedents in a technology acceptance model. Journal of Business Research, 62(5), 565–571.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldar, P. (2007). Rural tourism – Challenges and opportunities. In Proceedings of International marketing conference on marketing & society, (pp. 11–129). IIMK 8-10 April. Kozhikode: Indian institute of management Kozhikode.
   Google Scholar
• Haider, M. J., Changchun, G., Akram, T., & Hussain, S. T. (2018). Does gender differences play any role in intention to adopt Islamic mobile banking? An empirical study. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(2), 439–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Haugstvedt, A. C., & Krogstie, J. (2012). Mobile augmented reality for cultural heritage: A technology acceptance study. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), (pp. 247–255). IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Heldal, I. (2007). Supporting participation in planning new roads by using virtual reality systems. Virtual Reality, 11(2-3), 145–159.
   Google Scholar
• Hoque, M. R. (2016). An empirical study of mHealth adoption in a developing country: The moderating effect of gender concern. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 16(1), 51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. C., Backman, S. J., Backman, K. F., & Moore, D. (2013). Exploring user acceptance of 3D virtual worlds in travel and tourism marketing. Tourism Management, 36(1), 490–501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. U. C., Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., & Chang, L. A. N. L. A. N. (2016). Exploring the implications of virtual reality technology in tourism Marketing: An integrated research framework. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(May 2015), 116–128. doi.org/10.1002/jtr
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hur, H. J., Lee, H. K., & Choo, H. J. (2017). Understanding usage intention in innovative mobile app service: Comparison between millennial and mature consumers. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, 353–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyun, M. Y., & O'Keefe, R. M. (2012). Virtual destination image: Testing a telepresence model. Journal of Business Research, 65(1), 29–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• India Country Commercial Guide. (2018). India - Travel and Tourism | export.gov. Retrieved from https://www.export.gov/article?id=India-Travel-and-Tourism.
   Google Scholar
• Indian Express. (2018, May 7). Promising free foreign trip, travel agency cheats Mumbai couple of Rs 69,000. Retrieved from https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/promisingfree-foreign-trip-travel-agency-cheats-mumbai-couple-of-rs-69000-5166025/
   Google Scholar
• Jennett, C., Cox, A. L., Cairns, P., Dhoparee, S., Epps, A., Tijs, T., & Walton, A. (2008). Measuring and defining the experience of immersion in games. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66(9), 641–661.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joo, J., & Sang, Y. (2013). Exploring Koreans’ smartphone usage: An integrated model of the technology acceptance model and uses and gratifications theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2512–2518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K. J., & Shin, D. H. (2015). An acceptance model for smart watches: Implications for the adoption of future wearable technology. Internet Research, 25(4), 527–541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., Lee, C. K., & Jung, T. (2019). Exploring consumer behavior in virtual reality tourism using an extended stimulus-organism-response model. Journal of Travel Research, 1–21. doi:10.1177/0047287518818915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and Practice of structural equation modelling. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kothgassner, O. D., Felnhofer, A., Hauk, N., Kastenhofer, E., Gomm, J., & Kryspin-Exner, I. (2012). TUI: Technology usage Inventory Manual. Wien: FFG.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, R., Mukherjee, A., & Singh, V. P. (2017). Traffic noise mapping of Indian roads through smartphone user community participation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(1), 17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumra, R. (2008, May). Service quality in rural tourism: A prescriptive approach. In Proceedings of conference on tourism in India-Challenges ahead, 15–17 May 2008 (pp. 424–431), IIMK.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, H., Chung, N., & Jung, T. (2015). Examining the cultural differences in acceptance of mobile augmented reality: Comparison of South Korea and Ireland. In I. Tussyadiah, & A. Inversini (eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 477–491). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, W., & Gretzel, U. (2012). Designing persuasive destination websites: A mental imagery processing perspective. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1270–1280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, X., Featherman, M., Brooks, S. L., & Hajli, N. (2018). Exploring gender Differences in online consumer purchase decision making: An online product Presentation Perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 1–15. doi: 10.1007/s10796-018-9831-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S.-H., Liao, H.-L., & Pratt, J. A. (2009). Impact of media richness and flow on e-learning technology acceptance. Computers & Education, 52(3), 599–607. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2008.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, H. P., & Yu-Jen Su, P. (2009). Factors affecting purchase intention on mobile shopping web sites. Internet Research, 19(4), 442–458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luarn, P., & Lin, H. H. (2005). Toward an understanding of the behavioral intention to use mobile banking. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(6), 873–891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, E., Hsiao, A., & Gao, J. (2018). Destination attractiveness and travel intention: The case of Chinese and Indian students in Queensland, Australia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(2), 200–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy, N. (2019). The Cost of Mobile Internet Around the World | Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/chart/17247/the-average-cost-of-mobile-data-in-selected-countries/.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Tourism. (2018). Tourism Ministry launches 360° Virtual Reality (VR) video on Incredible India. Retrieved from http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=178945.
   Google Scholar
• Moorhouse, N., tom Dieck, M. C., & Jung, T. (2018). Technological Innovations Transforming the consumer Retail experience: A Review of literature. In T. Jung, & M. C. tom Dieck (eds.), Augmented reality and virtual reality (pp. 133–143). Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64027-3_10.
   Google Scholar
• Narayan, B., Rajendran, C., Sai, L. P., & Gopalan, R. (2009). Dimensions of service quality in tourism–an Indian perspective. Total Quality Management, 20(1), 61–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natarajan, T., Balasubramanian, S. A., & Kasilingam, D. L. (2017). Understanding the intention to use mobile shopping applications and its influence on price sensitivity. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 37(1), 8–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noor, N. L. M., Hashim, M., & Haron, H. (2005). Community acceptance of knowledge sharing system in the travel and tourism websites: an application of an extension of TAM. In Proceedings of the 13th European conference on information systems information systems in a rapidly changing economy (pp. 26-28), Regensburg, May 26–28, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychological theory (3rd ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Nysveen, H., Pedersen, P. E., & Thorbjørnsen, H. (2005). Explaining intention to use mobile chat services: Moderating effects of gender. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(5), 247–256.
   Google Scholar
• Okcu, S., Hancerliogullari Koksalmis, G., Basak, E., & Calisir, F. (2019). Factors Affecting Intention to Use Big Data Tools: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model. In F. Calisir, E. Cevikcan, & H. C. Akdag (eds.), Industrial Engineering in the Big Data Era, (pp. 401–416). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Ooi, K.-B., & Tan, G. W.-H. (2016). Mobile technology acceptance model: An investigation using mobile users to explore smartphone credit card. Expert Systems with Applications, 59, 33–46. doi: 10.1016/J.ESWA.2016.04.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padilla-MeléNdez, A., Del Aguila-Obra, A. R., & Garrido-Moreno, A. (2013). Perceived playfulness, gender differences and technology acceptance model in a blended learning scenario. Computers & Education, 63(1), 306–317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, E., Baek, S., Ohm, J., & Chang, H. J. (2014). Determinants of player acceptance of mobile social network games: An application of extended technology acceptance model. Telematics and Informatics, 31(1), 3–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulo, M. M., Rita, P., Oliveira, T., & Moro, S. (2018). Understanding mobile augmented reality adoption in a consumer context. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(2), 142–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce: Integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7(3), 101–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, Y., & Ke, D. (2015). Consumer trust in 3D virtual worlds and its impact on real world purchase intention. Nankai Business Review International, 6(4), 381–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Praveena, K., & Thomas, S. (2014). Continuance intention to use Facebook: A study of perceived enjoyment and TAM. Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, 4(1), 24.
   Google Scholar
• Ramayah, T., & Ignatius, J. (2005). Impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment on intention to shop online. ICFAI Journal of Systems Management, 3(3), 36–51.
   Google Scholar
• Riquelme, H. E., & Rios, R. E. (2010). The moderating effect of gender in the adoption of mobile banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 28(5), 328–341.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations (4th ed). New York: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rouibah, K., Lowry, P. B., & Hwang, Y. (2016). The effects of perceived enjoyment and perceived risks on trust formation and intentions to use online payment systems: New perspectives from an Arab country. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 19, 33–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saren, M., Harwood, T., Ward, J., & Venkatesh, A. (2013). Marketing beyond the frontier? Researching the new marketing landscape of virtual worlds. Journal of Marketing Management, 29(3-14), 1435–1442.
   Google Scholar
• Sarkar, S. K., & George, B. (2019). Patterns of tourism and Hospitality education in India and Malaysia: A critical Reflection. In C. Liu, & H. Schänzel (eds.), Tourism education and Asia (pp. 227–242). Singapore: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Prieto, J. C., Olmos-Migueláñez, S., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2017). M-Learning and pre-service teachers: An assessment of the behavioral intention using an expanded TAM model. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 644–654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, M., Kafka, J. X., Kothgassner, O. D., Hlavacs, H., Beutl, L., & Felnhofer, A. (2013). Why Does It Always Rain on Me? Influence of Gender and Environmental Factors on Usability, Technology Related Anxiety and Immersion in Virtual Environments. In D. Reidsma, H. Katayose, & A. Nijholt (eds.), Advances in Computer Entertainment, (pp. 392–402). Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Schuemie, M. J., Van Der Straaten, P., Krijn, M., & Van Der Mast, C. A. (2001). Research on presence in virtual reality: A survey. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(2), 183–201.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simonite, T. (2015). Google aims to make VR hardware irrelevant before it even gets going. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/542991/google-aims-to-make-vr-hardware-irrelevant-before-it-even-gets-going/.
   Google Scholar
• Steuer, J. (1992). Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of Communication, 42(4), 73–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarhini, A., Hone, K., & Liu, X. (2014). Measuring the moderating effect of gender and age on e-learning acceptance in England: A structural equation modeling approach for an extended technology acceptance model. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 51(2), 163–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teo, T., & Noyes, J. (2011). An assessment of the influence of perceived enjoyment and attitude on the intention to use technology among pre-service teachers: A structural equation modeling approach. Computers & Education, 57(2), 1645–1653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, W. A., & Carey, S. (2005). Actual/virtual visits: What are the links. Museums and the Web 2005. Retrieved from https://www.museumsandtheweb.com/mw2005/papers/thomas/thomas.html.
   Google Scholar
• Times of India. (2018, September 2). Travel agent arrested for cheating engineering students. Retrieved from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/65642721.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
   Google Scholar
• Tussyadiah, I. P., Wang, D., Jung, T. H., & tom Dieck, M. C. (2018). Virtual reality, presence, and attitude change: Empirical evidence from tourism. Tourism Management, 66, 140–154. doi: 10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2017.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umrani, F., & Ghadially, R. (2008). Gender and decision-making in technology adoption among youth: A study of computer learners in India. Psychology and Developing Societies, 20(2), 209–227.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Heijden, H. (2004). User acceptance of hedonic information systems. MIS Quarterly, 28(4), 695–704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (1996). A model of the antecedents of perceived ease of use: Development and test. Decision Sciences, 27(3), 451–481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., & Morris, M. G. (2000). Why don't men ever stop to ask for directions? Gender, social influence, and their role in technology acceptance and usage behavior. MIS Quarterly, 24(1), 115–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and Use of information technology: Extending the Unified theory of acceptance and Use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahid, F. (2007). Using the technology adoption model to analyze internet adoption and use among men and women in Indonesia. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 32(1), 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, L. G., & Sheetz, S. D. (2014). The adoption of software measures: A technology acceptance model (TAM) perspective. Information & Management, 51(2), 249–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, C. S., Tsaur, S. H., Chiu, Y. L., & Chiou, W. B. (2007). Is the advertising effect of virtual experience always better or contingent on different travel destinations? Information Technology & Tourism, 9(1), 45–54.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Lei, L., Liu, D., & Hu, H. (2016). Moderating effects of moral reasoning and gender on the relation between moral disengagement and cyberbullying in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 244–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. S., Wu, M. C., & Wang, H. Y. (2009). Investigating the determinants and age and gender differences in the acceptance of mobile learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(1), 92–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, W., Qi, R., & Zhang, L. (2019). Effects of virtual reality on theme park visitors’ experience and behaviors: A presence perspective. Tourism Management, 71(April), 282–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, P., & Hobson, J. P. (1995). Virtual reality and tourism: Fact or fantasy. Tourism Management, 16(6), 423–427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh, C. H., Wang, Y. S., Li, H. T., & Lin, S. Y. (2017). The effect of information presentation modes on tourists’ responses in Internet marketing: The moderating role of emotions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(8), 1018–1032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon, S. Y., Choi, Y. J., & Oh, H. (2015). User attributes in processing 3D VR-enabled showroom: Gender, visual cognitive styles, and the sense of presence. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 82, 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung, R., & Khoo-Lattimore, C. (2017). New realities: A systematic literature review on virtual reality and augmented reality in tourism research. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar