‘What happens in Banff, stays in Banff’: contextual and interpersonal factors contributing to sexual-risk taking among tourism workers

References

• Abbey, A., Wegner, R., Woerner, J., Pegram, S. E., & Pierce, J. (2014). Review of survey and experimental research that examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and men’s sexual aggression perpetration. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15, 265–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AIDS Bow Valley. (2004, June). Resort working, resort living. Paper presented at the Alberta Community Council on HIV, Quarterly Meeting, Edmonton.
   Google Scholar
• Alberta Health. (2013). Community profile: Banff health data and summary. Retrieved from https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/57924f90-c08f-4803-91b6-61ed5e2df0d8/resource/9e89210e-a71a-449b-b090-9d0946479d49/download/phc-profile-banff-2013-02.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Banff & Lake Louise Tourism. (2012). Facts and figures about Banff National Park: Economy. Retrieved from http://www.banfflakelouise.com/Media-Relations/Facts-and-Figures-about-Banff-National-Park
   Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L. (2016). Antecedents of young women’s sexual risk taking in tourist experiences. Journal of Sex Research, 53, 927–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L. (2017). Toward the tailoring of sexual health education messages for young women: A focus on tourist experiences. Journal of Sex Research, 54, 1171–1187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L., & Gibson, H. J. (2015). Phenomenology of young women’s sexual risk-taking in tourism. Tourism Management, 46, 299–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L., Gibson, H. J., & Poria, Y. (2013). Women’s sexual behavior in tourism: Loosening the bridle. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 65–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloor, M., Thomas, M., Hood, K., Abeni, D., Goujon, C., Hausser, D., … Nieto, J. A. (1998). Differences in sexual risk behaviour between young men and women travelling abroad from the UK. Lancet, 352, 1664–1668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Writer). (2005). Banff wildlife [TV]. In R. Sherren (Producer), Country Canada. Canada: CBC.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, N. (2016). Sex in tourism: Reflections and potential future research directions. Tourism Recreation Research, 41(2), 188–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, S., Horn, K., Hart, G., Dunbar, M., Scoular, A., & MacIntyre, S. (1997). The sexual behavior of international travelers at two Glasgow GUM clinics. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 8, 336–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CATIE. (n.d.). Understanding risk by sex act. Retrieved from https://www.catie.ca/en/practical-guides/safer-sex-guide/understanding-risk-sex-act
   Google Scholar
• CFCN (Writer). (2005). Troublesome party scene in Banff [TV]. In B. Marks (Producer). Canada: CTV News.
   Google Scholar
• Choudhri, Y., Miller, J., Sandhu, J., Leon, A., & Aho, J. (2018a). Sexually transmitted infections: Chlamydia in Canada, 2010–2015. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 44(2), 49–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choudhri, Y., Miller, J., Sandhu, J., Leon, A., & Aho, J. (2018b). Sexually transmitted infections: Infectious and congenital syphilis in Canada, 2010–2015. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 44(2), 43–48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DiClemente, C. C., Corno, C. M., Graydon, M. M., Wiprovnick, A. E., & Knoblach, D. J. (2017). Motivational interviewing, enhancement, and brief interventions over the last decade: A review of reviews of efficacy and effectiveness. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31, 862–887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan, C. E. (2001). Sexual behaviors, condom use, and factors influencing casual sex among backpackers and other young international travellers. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 10(1–2), 41–58.
   Google Scholar
• Eiser, J. R., & Ford, N. (1995). Sexual relationships on holiday: A case of situational disinhibition? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12, 323–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, J. D., & Fisher, W. A. (1992). Changing AIDS-risk behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 455–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford, N., & Eiser, J. R. (1996). Risk and liminality: The HIV-related sociosexual interaction of young tourists. In S. Clift & S. J. Page (Eds.), Health and the international tourist (pp. 152–178). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fownes, L. J. (2006). A qualitative inquiry of the sexual health activities of service industry workers in Alberta’s mountain park resort communities (Unpublished masters dissertation). University of Calgary, Alberta.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkes, S., Hart, G. J., Bletsoe, E., Shergold, C., & Johnson, A. M. (1995). Risk behavior and STD acquisition in genitourinary clinic attenders who have travelled. Genitourinary Medicine, 71, 351–354.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holm, M. R., Lugosi, P., Croes, R. R., & Torres, E. N. (2017). Risk-tourism, risk-taking and subjective well-being: A review and synthesis. Tourism Management, 63, 115–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John, S. A., Walsh, J. L., & Weinhardt, L. S. (2017). The information–motivation–behavioral skills model revisited: A network-perspective structural equation model within a public sexually transmitted infection clinic sample of hazardous alcohol users. AIDS and Behavior, 21, 1208–1218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, D., Hughes, K., & Bellis, M. A. (2014). Work hard, party harder: Drug use and sexual behavior in young British casual workers in Ibiza, Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, 10051–10061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kianersi, S., Luetke, M., Jules, R., & Rosenberg, M. (2019). The association between interviewer gender and responses to sensitive survey questions in a sample of Haitian women. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/13645579.2019.1661248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lett, J. W. (1983). Ludic and liminoid aspects of charter yacht tourism in the Caribbean. Annals of Tourism Research, 10, 35–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maticka-Tyndale, E., Herold, E. S., & Oppermann, M. (2003). Casual sex among Australian schoolies. Journal of Sex Research, 40, 158–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milhausen, R. R., Crosby, R. A., Yarber, W. L., Graham, C. A., Sanders, S. A., Ingram, H., … Macdonald, I. R. (2016). An intervention study assessing a peer outreach model to promote safer-sex for tourism workers. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 25(3), 216–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milhausen, R. R., Reece, M., & Perera, B. (2006). A theory-based approach to understanding sexual behavior at Mardi Gras. Journal of Sex Research, 43, 97–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milhausen, R. R., Wood, J., Sanders, S. A., Crosby, R. A., Yarber, W. L., & Graham, C. A. (2011). A novel, self-guided, home-based intervention to promote condom use among young men: A pilot study. Journal of Men’s Health, 8, 274–281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orlando, M. (2008). We live here: Constructing place in a Canadian national park town (Masters dissertation). Concordia University: Quebec.
   Google Scholar
• Padilla, M., Guilamo-Ramos, V., & Godbole, R. (2012). A syndemic analysis of alcohol use and sexual risk behavior among tourism employees in Sosúa, Dominican Republic. Qualitative Health Research, 22, 89–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, M. E. (2013). Daily associations of alcohol use with sexual behaviour and condom use during Spring Break. Drug and Alcohol Review, 32, 215–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick, M. E., & Lee, C. M. (2012). Daily variations in spring break alcohol and sexual behaviors based on intentions, perceived norms, and daily trip context. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73, 591–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pritchard, A., & Morgan, N. (2006). Hotel Babylon? Exploring hotels as liminal sites of transition and transgression. Tourism Management, 27(5), 762–772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, A., Tobin, K., Davey-Rothwell, M., & Latkin, C. A. (2017). Social desirability bias and prevalence of sexual HIV risk behaviors among people who use drugs in Baltimore, Maryland: Implications for identifying individuals prone to underreporting sexual risk behaviors. AIDS and Behavior, 21, 2207–2214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redmon, D. (2003). Playful deviance as an urban leisure activity: Secret selves, self-validation, and entertaining performances. Deviant Behavior: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 24, 27–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogstad, K. E. (2019). Sexually transmitted infections and travel. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 32, 56–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolling Stone Magazine. (1999). Banff. Rolling Stone Magazine, 3, 65.
   Google Scholar
• Simkhada, P. P., Sharma, A., van Teijlingen, E. R., & Beanland, R. L. (2016). Factors influencing sexual behavior between tourists and tourism employees: A systematic review. Nepal Journal of Epidemiology, 6, 530–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sönmez, S., Apostolopoulos, Y., Theocharous, A., & Massengale, K. (2013). Bar crawls, foam parties, and clubbing networks: Mapping the risk environment of a Mediterranean nightlife resort. Tourism Management Perspectives, 8, 49–59.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, W. H., Miu, H. Y. H., Wong, C. K. H., Tucker, J. D., & Wong, W. C. W. (2018). Assessing participation and effectiveness of the peer-led approach in youth sexual health education: Systematic review and meta-analysis in more developed countries. Journal of Sex Research, 55, 31–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, M. (2005). ‘What happens in Tenerife stays in Tenerife’: Understanding women’s sexual behavior on holiday. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7, 571–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Town of Banff. (n.d.). BanffLIFE. Retrieved from https://banff.ca/866/BanffLIFE
   Google Scholar
• Trauer, B., & Ryan, C. (2005). Destination image, romance and place experience—an application of intimacy theory in tourism. Tourism Management, 26, 481–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, V. (1969). Liminality and communitas. In V. Turner, R. D. Abrahams, & A. Harris (Eds.), The Ritual process: Structure and anti-structure (pp. 94–130). Chicago, IL: Adline Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, V. (1974). Dramas, fields and metaphors: Symbolic action in human society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, V. (1977). The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tveit, K. S., Nyfors, A., & Nilsen, A. (1994). Sexual behavior in heterosexual Norwegians travelling abroad. Travel Medicine International, 12, 131–136.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 26, 349–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, B. T., & Blom, A. G. (2017). Explaining interviewer effects: A research synthesis. Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 5, 175–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelan, J., Belderok, S., van den Hoek, A., & Sonder, G. (2013). Unprotected casual sex equally common with locals and Western partners among long-term Dutch travellers to (sub)tropical countries. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 40, 797–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarber, W. L., Milhausen, R. R., Beaver, K. A., Ryan, R., Sullivan, M. J., Vanterpool, K. B., … Crosby, R. A. (2018). A pilot test of a self-guided, home-based intervention to improve condom-related sexual experiences, attitudes, and behaviors among young women. Journal of American College Health, 66, 421–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar