References
- Adee, S. (2013). Stupidity: What makes people do dumb things. New Scientist, 217(2910), 30–33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(13)60819-2
- Alvesson, M., & Spicer, A. (2012). A stupidity-based theory of organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 49(7), 1194–1220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2012.01072.x
- Bartlett, E. (2014). 14 incredibly stupid things tourists have done on holiday. Retrieved April 26, 2018, from https://www.indy100.com/article/14-incredibly-stupid-things-tourists-have-done-on-holiday–ekKwzfhq6g
- Breitsohl, J., & Garrod, B. (2016). Assessing tourists’ cognitive, emotional and behavioural reactions to an unethical destination incident. Tourism Management, 54, 209–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.004
- Canoy, N. A., Roxas, G. K. T., Robles, A. M. Q., Alingasa, A. P. T., & Ceperiano, A. M. (2020). From cesspool to fortified paradise: Analyzing news media territorial assemblages of rehabilitating Boracay island, Western Philippines. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(8), 1138–1157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1726934
- CBS News. (2020). Thousands flock to Florida beaches, ignoring coronavirus concerns. Retrieved April 16, 2020, from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-florida-beaches-ignore-social-distancing/?ftag=CNM-00-10aab7e&linkId=84575151
- Cheer, J. M., Pratt, S., Tolkach, D., Bailey, A., Taumoepeau, S., & Movono, A. (2018). Tourism in Pacific island countries: A status quo round-up. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 5(3), 442–461. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.250
- Cipolla, C. M. (1987). The basic laws of human stupidity. Whole Earth Review, Spring, 2–7.
- CNN. (2017). The ongoing saga of Berlin’s unfinished airport. Retrieved August 2, 2018, from https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/berlin-brandenburg-airport-debacle/index.html
- CNN. (2018). Australian hotel chain fined $2.2 million for manipulating TripAdvisor reviews. Retrieved August 2, 2018, from https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/australia-tripadvisor-hotel-fined-trnd/index.html
- CTV News. (2016). Stop taking ‘stupid and dangerous selfies’ Croatia says after Canadian falls off cliff. Retrieved April 26, 2018, from https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/stop-taking-stupid-and-dangerous-selfies-croatia-says-after-canadian-falls-off-cliff-1.2980107
- Daily News. (2014). Polish tourist tries to snap ‘selfie,’ falls off bridge and dies. Retrieved April 26, 2018 from http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/polish-tourist-dies-snapping-selfie-article-1.2000250
- De Graaf, M. (2015). Two American sisters arrested in Cambodia after stripping off and taking nude photos inside the sacred Angkor Wat temple. Daily Mail. Retrieved April 26, 2018, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2943601/US-sisters-arrested-nude-photos-Cambodias-Angkor.html
- Durando, J. (2015). Tourist reportedly dies at Taj Mahal after falling while taking a selfie. USA Today. Retrieved April 26, 2018, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2015/09/21/tourist-dies-taj-mahal-falling-while-taking-selfie/72568410/
- Fennell, D. A. (2006). Tourism ethics. Channel View Publications.
- Fraser, J. (2014). Too stupid to travel: Tourists’ dumbest questions. Retrieved August 2, 2018, from http://www.traveller.com.au/too-stupid-to-travel-tourists-dumbest-questions-333o4
- Gallagher, B. (2019). The case for professors of stupidity. Retrieved March 26, 2019, from http://nautil.us/blog/the-case-for-professors-of-stupidity
- Gillman, O. (2014). Couple plunged to their death from cliff in front of their young children as ‘they tried to take a selfie’. Daily Mail. Retrieved April 26, 2018, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2721975/Couple-plunged-death-cliff-young-children-tried-selfie.html
- Gnoth, J. (1997). Tourism motivation and expectation formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 283–304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80002-3
- Goeldner, C. R., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2012). Tourism: Principles, practices, philosophies (12th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
- Greenspan, S. (2019). Anatomy of foolishness: The overlooked problem of risk-unawareness. Hamilton Books.
- Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: Foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0196-8
- Hergesell, A., Dwyer, L., & Edwards, D. (2019). Deciding and choosing. In P. Pearce (Ed.), Tourist behaviour (pp. 41–59). Edward Elgar Publishing.
- Hodgkinson, G. P., & Healey, M. P. (2008). Cognition in organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 59(1), 387–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093612
- Hutchinson, J. (2014). Bulldozed casinos, uninhabited islands and empty theme parks: The world’s most expensive tourist-attraction failures. Retrieved August 2, 2018, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/article-2739051/Padlocked-gates-uninhabited-islands-theme-parks-World-s-expensive-tourist-attraction-fails-revealed.html
- Hyde, K. F., & Lawson, R. (2003). The nature of independent travel. Journal of Travel Research, 42(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287503253944
- Hyman, R. (2002). Why and when are smart people stupid? In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Why smart people can be so stupid (pp. 1–23). Yale University Press.
- Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics. American Economic Review, 93(5), 1449–1475. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/000282803322655392
- Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. H. (1991). Anomalies: The endowment effect, loss aversion, and status quo bias. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 193–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.5.1.193
- Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 47(2), 263–292. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185
- Kang, M., & Moscardo, G. (2006). Exploring cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards responsible tourist behaviour: A comparison of Korean, British and Australian tourists. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 11(4), 303–320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660600931143
- Kerr, G., Lewis, C., & Burgess, L. (2012). Bragging rights and destination marketing: A tourism bragging rights model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 19(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/jht.2012.17
- Kitchener, K. S., & Brenner, H. G. (1990). Wisdom and reflective judgement: Knowing the face of uncertainty. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Wisdom: Its nature, origins and development (pp. 212–229). Cambridge University Press.
- Lew, A. A., Cheer, J. M., Haywood, M., Brouder, P., & Salazar, N. B. (2020). Visions of travel and tourism after the global COVID-19 transformation of 2020. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 455–466. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1770326
- Loi, K. I., & Pearce, P. L. (2015). Exploring perceived tensions arising from tourist behaviors in a Chinese context. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(1-2), 65–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.986013
- Lovitt, B. (2016). Death by selfie: 11 disturbing stories of social media pics gone wrong. Retrieved April 26, 2018, from https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/pictures/death-by-selfie-10-disturbing-stories-of-social-media-pics-gone-wrong-20160714
- Mackintosh, N. (2011). IQ and human intelligence (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Marchiori, E., & Cantoni, L. (2011). The online reputation construct: Does it matter for the tourism domain? A literature review on destinations' online reputation. Information Technology & Tourism, 13(3), 139–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3727/109830512X13283928066715
- Marshall, L. (2006). ‘SayWA’ slogan branded a clever, or clueless, idea. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 25, 2018, from http://articles.latimes.com/2006/mar/26/nation/na-slogan26
- McKercher, B. (2015). Tourism: The quest for the selfish. In T. V. Singh (Ed.), Challenges in tourism research (pp. 87–96). Channel View Publications.
- McKercher, B., Weber, K., & du Cros, H. (2008). Rationalising inappropriate behaviour at contested sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(4), 369–385. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802154165
- McMah, L. (2018). Tourism Fiji causes offence with embarrassing video gaffe. Retrieved April 27, 2018, from http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/tourism-fiji-causes-offence-with-embarrassing-video-gaffe/news-story/afa3d26d688c97609b76169b1fff95e0#.rfa53
- Meacham, J. A. (1983). Wisdom and the context of knowledge: Knowing that one doesn’t know. In D. Kuhn & J. A. Meacham (Eds.), On the development of developmental psychology (Vol. 8, Pp. 111–134). Karger.
- Milano, C., Novelli, M., & Cheer, J. M. (2019a). Overtourism and degrowth: A social movements perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1857–1875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1650054
- Milano, C., Novelli, M., & Cheer, J. M. (2019b). Overtourism and tourismphobia: A journey through four decades of tourism development, planning and local concerns. Tourism Planning & Development, 16(4), 353–357. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1599604
- Miller, G. (2001). The development of indicators for sustainable tourism: Results of a Delphi survey of tourism researchers. Tourism Management, 22(4), 351–362. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00067-4
- Neisser, U. (1976). General, academic, and artificial intelligence. In L. Resnick (Ed.), Human intelligence: Perspectives on its theory and measurement (pp. 179–189). Ablex.
- Neufeldt, V., & Guralnik, D. B. (1997). Webster's new world college dictionary. Macmillan.
- Ng, S. I., Chia, K. W., Ho, J. A., & Ramachandran, S. (2017). Seeking tourism sustainability – A case study of Tioman Island, Malaysia. Tourism Management, 58, 101–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.007
- Patterson, C. (2015). Sustainable tourism: Business development, operations and management. Human Kinetics.
- Pearce, P. (2019). Behaving badly. In P. Pearce (Ed.), Tourist behaviour: The essential companion (pp. 283–303). Edward Edgar.
- Pearce, P., & Foster, F. (2007). A “university of travel”: Backpacker learning. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1285–1298. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.11.009
- Pennock, L. (2017). ‘Very rare complication’ killed New Zealand woman after cycling selfie accident. Stuff. Retrieved April 26, 2018 from https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/europe/96867039
- Piggott-McKellar, A. E., & McNamara, K. E. (2017). Last chance tourism and the Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(3), 397–415. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2016.1213849
- Rafalovich, A. (2006). Making sociology relevant: The assignment and application of breaching experiments. Teaching Sociology, 34(2), 156–163.
- Reyes, C. M., Albert, J. R. G., Quimba, F. M. A., Ortiz, M., Kristina, P., & Asis, R. D. (2018). The Boracay closure: Socioeconomic consequences and resilience management.
- Ritzer, G. (1996). Ethnomethodology. In George Ritzer (Ed.), Sociological Theory (4th ed., pp. 373–399). McGraw-Hill.
- Roberts, S., & Tribe, J. (2008). Sustainability indicators for small tourism enterprises – An exploratory perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16(5), 575–594. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802159644
- Ronell, A. (2002). Stupidity. University of Illinois Press.
- Schuckert, M., Liu, X., & Law, R. (2016). Insights into suspicious online ratings: Direct evidence from TripAdvisor. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(3), 259–272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1029954
- Selanniemi, T. (2003). On holiday in the liminoid playground: Place, time, and self in tourism. In T. G. Bauer, & B. McKercher (Eds.), Sex and tourism: Journeys of romance, love, and lust (pp. 19–31). The Haworth Hospitality Press.
- Seraphin, H., Sheeran, P., & Pilato, M. (2018). Over-tourism and the fall of Venice as a destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 374–376. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.01.011
- Simon, H. A. (1990). Invariants of human behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 41(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.000245
- Somers Cocks, A. (2017). The town council proposes digital monitoring and a charge to enter St Mark’s Square. Retrieved March 6, 2019 from https://www.theartnewspaper.com/feature/venice-cant-manage-its-touristsyet-its-encouraging-more-to-come-from-china
- Sternberg, R. J. (1997). Successful intelligence. Plume.
- Sternberg, R. J. (1998). A balance theory of wisdom. Review of General Psychology, 2(4), 347–365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.4.347
- Sternberg, R. J. (2002a). Smart people are not stupid, But they sure can be foolish: The imbalance theory of foolishness. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Why smart people can be so stupid (pp. 232–242). Yale University Press.
- Sternberg, R. J. (2002b). Why smart people can be so stupid. Yale University.
- Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Wisdom, intelligence, and creativity synthesized. Cambridge University Press.
- Sternberg, R. J., Wagner, R. K., Williams, W. M., & Horvath, J. A. (1995). Testing common sense. American Psychologist, 50(11), 912–927. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.11.912
- The Berlin Spectator. (2020). Berlin: A wonderful new airport, but no passengers. Retrieved June 14, 2020 from https://berlinspectator.com/2020/05/15/berlin-a-wonderful-new-airport-but-no-passengers/
- The Local. (2015). German tourist dies in Italy selfie fall. Retrieved April 26, 2018 from https://www.thelocal.it/20150402/german-tourist-dies-in-italy-selfie-fall
- The Times of Israel. (2015). Israeli plunges to death from India train while taking selfie. Retrieved April 26, 2018 from http://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-plunges-to-death-from-india-train-while-taking-selfie/
- Tolkach, D., Pratt, S., & Zeng, C. Y. H. (2017). Ethics of Chinese & Western tourists in Hong Kong. Annals of Tourism Research, 63, 83–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.01.004
- Tribe, J., & Liburd, J. J. (2016). The tourism knowledge system. Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 44–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.11.011
- Tsaur, S.-H., Cheng, T.-M., & Hong, C.-Y. (2019). Exploring tour member misbehavior in group package tours. Tourism Management, 71, 34–43. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.018
- Tsaur, S.-H., Yen, C.-H., & Teng, H.-Y. (2018). Tourist–resident conflict: A scale development and empirical study. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 10, 152–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.09.002
- Twining-Ward, L., & Butler, R. (2002). Implementing STD on a Small Island: Development and use of sustainable tourism development indicators in Samoa. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(5), 363–387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580208667174
- Van Boxsel, M. (2003). The encyclopaedia of stupidity. Reaktion.
- Vanhove, N. (2017). The economics of tourism destinations: Theory and practice. Routledge.
- Wagner, R. K. (1987). Tacit knowledge in everyday intelligent behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1236–1247. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1236
- Wagner, R. K. (2000). Practical intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of human intelligence (pp. 380–395). Cambridge University Press.
- Weaver, D. B., & Moyle, B. D. (2019). ‘Tourist stupidity’ as a basic characteristic of ‘smart tourism’: Challenges for destination planning and management. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(3), 387–391. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2019.1637611
- Weeden, C. (2013). Responsible tourist behaviour (1st ed.). Routledge.
- Weeden, C., & Boluk, K. (2014). Managing ethical consumption in tourism. Routledge.
- Xin, S., Tribe, J., & Chambers, D. (2013). Conceptual research in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 66–88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.003