1,962
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

COVID-19 and the bleisure travellers: an investigation on the aftermaths and future implications

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 657-667 | Received 11 Feb 2021, Accepted 29 May 2021, Published online: 05 Jul 2021

References

  • Arora, P. (2011). Online social sites as virtual parks: An Investigation into leisure online and offline. The Information Society, 27(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2011.548702
  • Becken, S., & Hughey, K. F. (2021). Impacts of changes to business travel practices in response to the COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1894160
  • Berkwits, M., & Inui, T. S. (1998). Making use of qualitative research techniques. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 13(3), 195–199. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00054.x
  • Bethlehem, J. (2010). Selection bias in web surveys. International Statistical Review, 78(2), 161–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-5823.2010.00112.x
  • Blackshaw, T. (2017). Decentring leisure: Rethinking leisure theory (book review). Annals of Leisure Research, 20(2), 240–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2016.1254798
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Bridge Street Global Hospitality. (2014). The Bleisure Report. https://skift.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/BGH-Bleisure-Report-2014.pdf.
  • Brunt, P., Horner, S., & Semley, N. (2017). Research methods in tourism, hospitality, and events management. Sage.
  • Buzinde, C. N. (2020). Theoretical linkages between well-being and tourism: The case of self-determination theory and spiritual tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 102920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102920
  • Cazanova, J., Ward, R., & Holland, S. (2014). Habit persistence in Air passenger traffic designed for florida. Journal of Travel Research, 53(5), 638–655. 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513513173
  • Chaturvedi, S. K. (2020). Covid-19, coronavirus and mental health rehabilitation at times of crisis. Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health, 7(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40737-020-00162-z
  • Chen, Y., Mak, B., & McKercher, B. (2011). What drives people to travel: Integrating the tourist motivation paradigms. Journal of China Tourism Research, 7(2), 120–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2011.576927
  • Choi, Y. G., Kwon, J., & Kim, W. (2013). Effects of attitudes vs experience of workplace fun on employee behaviors. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(3), 410–427. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111311311044
  • Chung, J. Y., Choi, Y. K., Yoo, B. K., & Kim, S. H. (2020). Bleisure tourism experience chain: Implications for destination marketing. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(3), 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1708760
  • Correia, A., Kozak, M., & Ferradeira, J. (2013). From tourist motivations to tourist satisfaction. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(4), 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-05-2012-0022
  • Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5
  • Cullen, W., Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Mental health in the covid-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(5), 311–312. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110
  • Das, S. S., & Tiwari, A. K. (2021). Understanding international and domestic travel intention of Indian travellers during COVID-19 using a Bayesian approach. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 228–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1830341
  • Davidson, R. (2003). Adding pleasure to business: Conventions and tourism. Journal of Convention & Exhibition Management, 5(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1300/J143v05n01_03
  • Davidson, R., & Cope, B. (2003). Business travel: Conferences, incentive travel, exhibitions, corporate hospitality and corporate travel. Pearson Education.
  • Dickmann, M. (2012). Why do they come to London? Exploring the motivations of expatriates to work in the British capital. Journal of Management Development, 31(8), 783–800. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711211253240
  • Expedia. (2018). Unpacking bleisure traveler trends. https://bit.ly/bleisure-trends.
  • Fotiadis, A., Polyzos, S., & Huan, T. C. T. (2021). The good, the bad and the ugly on COVID-19 tourism recovery. Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103117
  • Franklin, A., & Crang, M. (2001). The trouble with tourism and travel theory? Tourist Studies, 1(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879760100100101
  • Gavin, H. (2008). Thematic analysis. In Understanding research methods and statistics in psychology (pp. 273–282). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • GBTA. (2016). GBTA Foundation annual forecast predicts global business travel spending to Hit record high of $1.25 trillion in 2015, online. https://www.gbta.org/PressReleases/Pages/rls_072615.aspx
  • Global Web Index. (2020). Business travel post-COVID: The bleisure principle. https://blog.globalwebindex.com/chart-of-the-week/business-travel-post-covid/.
  • Grant, A. M., Berg, J. M., & Cable, D. M. (2014). Job Titles as identity badges: How self-reflective Titles Can reduce emotional exhaustion. Academy of Management Journal, 57(4), 1201–1225. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0338
  • Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Validity and reliability (credibility and dependability) in qualitative research and data analysis. Applied thematic analysis, 79–106. Sage Publications
  • Gustafson, P. (2012). Managing business travel: Developments and dilemmas in corporate travel management. Tourism Management, 33(2), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.03.006
  • Haller, M., Hadler, M., & Kaup, G. (2013). Leisure time in modern societies: A new source of boredom and stress? Social Indicators Research, 111(2), 403–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0023-y
  • Hennink, M., & Kaiser, B. (2019). Saturation in qualitative research. In P. Atkinson, S. Delamont, A. Cernat, J. W. Sakshaug, & R. A. Williams (Eds.), SAGE Research Methods Foundations. Sage.
  • Hovhannisyan, N., & Keller, W. (2015). International business travel: An engine of innovation? Journal of Economic Growth, 20(1), 75–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-014-9107-7
  • Hoye, R., & Lillis, K. (2008). Travel motivations of Australian football league fans: An exploratory study. Managing Leisure, 13(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13606710701751369
  • Jaipuria, S., Parida, R., & Ray Pritee. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on tourism sector in India. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1846971
  • Kaasila, R. (2007). Using narrative inquiry for investigating the becoming of a mathematics teacher. ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education, 39(3), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-007-0023-6
  • Kar, S. K., Arafat, S. Y., Kabir, R., Sharma, P., & Saxena, S. K. (2020). Coping with mental health challenges during COVID-19. In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (pp. 199–213). Springer.
  • Karl, K. (2005). Attitudes toward workplace Fun: A three sector comparison. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 12(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190501200201
  • Kim, K., Oh, I. K., & Jogaratnam, G. (2007). College student travel: A revised model of push motives. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 13(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706071201
  • Kleiber, D. A., Walker, G., & Mannell, R. C. (2011). A social psychology of leisure (2nd ed). Venture Publishing, Inc. https://www.sagamorepub.com/sites/default/files/2018-07/SocPsychLeisure-look-insideOPT.pdf.
  • Kluin, J., & Letho, X. (2012). Measuring family reunion travel motivation. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 820–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.09.008
  • Kunjuraman, V. (2020). Community-based ecotourism managing to fuel community empowerment? An evidence from Malaysian borneo. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1841378
  • Lee, C. C., & Chen, M. P. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on the travel and leisure industry returns: Some international evidence. Tourism Economics, 1–22. 1354816620971981. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816620971981
  • Leong, A. M. W., Yeh, S. S., Hsiao, Y. C., & Huan, T. C. T. (2015). Nostalgia as travel motivation and its impact on tourists’ loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 68(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.05.003
  • Lichy, J., & McLeay, F. (2018). Bleisure: Motivations and typologies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(4), 517–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1364206
  • Oppermann, M. (2000). Triangulation—A methodological discussion. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2(2), 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-1970(200003/04)2:2<141::AID-JTR217>3.0.CO;2-U
  • Pan, T., Shu, F., Kitterlin-Lynch, M., & Beckman, E. (2021). Perceptions of cruise travel during the COVID-19 pandemic: Market recovery strategies for cruise businesses in North America. Tourism Management, 85, 104275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104275
  • Pearce, P. L., & Lee, U. I. (2005). Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504272020
  • Pfefferbaum, B., & North, C. S. (2020). Mental health and the covid-19 pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(6), 510–512. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2008017
  • Pierce, M., Hope, H., Ford, T., Hatch, S., Hotopf, M., John, A., Kontopantelis, E., Webb, R., Wessely, S., McManus, S., & Abel, K. M. (2020). Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(10), 883–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30308-4
  • Polyzos, S., Samitas, A., & Spyridou, A. E. (2020). Tourism demand and the COVID-19 pandemic: An LSTM approach. Tourism Recreation Research, 22, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1777053
  • Ritchie, B., Carr, N., & Cooper, C. (2003). Managing educational tourism. Channel View Publications.
  • Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (2014). Qualitative research practice. Sage.
  • Roy, G., & Sharma, S. (2020). Analyzing one-day tour trends during COVID 19 disruption–applying push and pull theory and text mining approach. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1809822
  • Saltmarsh, S., & Swirski, T. (2010). ‘Pawns and prawns’: International academics’ observations on their transition to working in an Australian university. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 32(3), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600801003743505
  • Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students. Pearson education.
  • Scroll. (2020). India's Covid-19 lockdown may cause 38 million job losses in the travel and tourism industry. Available at https://scroll.in/article/959045/indias-covid-19-lockdown-may-cause-38-million-job-losses-in-the-travel-and-tourism-industry.
  • Shaheer, I., Lee, C., & Carr, N. (2021). Factors motivating working holiday travel: The case of latin American visitors to New Zealand. Tourism and Hospitality Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584211003630
  • Soga, M., Evans, M. J., Tsuchiya, K., & Fukano, Y. (2020). A room with a Green view: The importance of nearby nature for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ecological Society of America, 31(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2248
  • Stratos. (2020). 77+ Bleisure travel statistics. https://www.stratosjets.com/blog/bleisure-travel-statistics/.
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research techniques. Sage publications.
  • Tan, S. K., Kung, S. F., & Luh, D. B. (2013). A model of ‘creative experience’ in creative tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 153–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.002
  • Tews, M. J., Michel, J. W., & Allen, D. G. (2014). Fun and friends: The impact of workplace fun and constituent attachment on turnover in a hospitality context. Human Relations, 67(8), 923–946. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726713508143
  • The Future Laboratories. (2008). The trend tracker. https://www.thefuturelaboratory.com/trend-tracker.
  • Thorn, K. (2009). The relative importance of motives for self-initiated mobility. Career Development International, 14(5), 441–464. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910989843
  • Tolkach, D., Thuen Jørgensen, M., Pratt, S., & Suntikul, W. (2019). Encountering begpackers. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2018.1511943
  • Twenge, J. M., Campbell, S. M., Hoffman, B. J., & Lance, C. E. (2010). Generational differences in work values: Leisure and extrinsic values increasing, social and intrinsic values decreasing. Journal of Management, 36(5), 1117–1142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309352246
  • Unger, O., Uriely, N., & Fuchs, G. (2016). The business travel experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 142–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.10.003
  • UNWTO. (2020a). UNWTO world tourism barometer. www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10 .18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.1.
  • UNWTO. (2020b). Impact assessment of the Covid-19 outbreak on international tourism. www.unwto.org/impact-assessment-of-the-covid-19-outbreak-on-international-tourism.
  • Vij, M. Upadhya, A., & Abidi, N. (2021). Sentiments and recovery of the hospitality sector from Covid-19 - a managerial perspective through phenomenology. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 212–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1902658
  • Wang, Y., & Beise-Zee, R. (2013). Pre encounter affective States of business travelers and service responses. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 22(6), 634–655. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2012.680243
  • Webber, K. L., & Yang, L. (2014). The increased role of foreign-born academic staff in US higher education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 36(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2013.844671
  • Werry, M. (2008). Pedagogy of/as/and tourism: Or shameful lessons, education. Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 30(1), 14–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714410701566207
  • Westman, M., Etzion, D., & Gattenio, E. (2008). International business travels and the work-family interface: A longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81(3), 459–480. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X310265
  • Whang, H., Yong, S., & Ko, E. (2016). Pop culture, destination images, and visit intentions: Theory and research on travel motivations of Chinese and Russian tourists. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 631–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.020
  • World Economic Forum. (2015). The travel & tourism competitiveness report 2015. Geneva: WEF. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/TT15/WEF_Global_Travel&Tourism_Report_2015.pdf.
  • World Economic Forum. (2016). Are you a ‘bleisure’ traveller? https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/.
  • Xiao, H., & Smith, S. L. (2006). Case studies in tourism research: A state-of-the-art analysis. Tourism Management, 27(5), 738–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.11.002
  • Yang, Y., Altschuler, B., Liang, Z., & Li, X. (2020). Monitoring the global COVID-19 impact on tourism: The COVID19tourism index. Annals of Tourism Research. 103120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103120
  • Yeh, S. S. (2020). Tourism recovery strategy against COVID-19 pandemic. Tourism Recreation Research, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1805933
  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (Vol. 5). Sage.
  • Yoo, H., McIntosh, A., & Cockburn-Wootten, C. (2016). Time for me and time for us: Conference travel as alternative family leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 19(4), 444–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2016.1147361
  • Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.