1,209
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Exploring online destination brand advocacy

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 283-301 | Received 17 Nov 2020, Accepted 22 Sep 2021, Published online: 09 Nov 2021

References

  • Adjei, M. T., Noble, S. M., & Noble, C. H. (2010). The influence of C2C communications in online brand communities on customer purchase behaviour. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(5), 634–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-009-0178-5
  • Angus, D., Rintel, S., & Wiles, J. (2013). Making sense of big text: a visual-first approach for analysing text data using Leximancer and Discursis. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(3), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2013.774186
  • Antón, C., Camarero, C., & Laguna-García, M. (2017). Towards a new approach of destination loyalty drivers: Satisfaction, visit intensity and tourist motivations. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(3), 238–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.936834
  • Aro, K., Suomi, K., & Saraniemi, S. (2018). Antecedents and consequences of destination brand love – A case study from Finnish Lapland. Tourism Management, 67(August), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.01.003
  • Arsal, I., Woosnam, K. M., Baldwin, E. D., & Backman, S. J. (2010). Residents as travel destination information providers: An online community perspective. Journal of Travel Research, 49(4), 400–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287509346856
  • Ayeh, J. K., Au, N., & Law, R. (2016). Investigating cross-national heterogeneity in the adoption of online hotel reviews. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 55(5), 142–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.04.003
  • Baloglu, S., Henthorne, T. L., & Sahin, S. (2014). Destination image and brand personality of Jamaica: A model of tourist behaviour. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31(8), 1057–1070. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.892468
  • Barbagallo, D., Bruni, L., Francalanci, C., & Giacomazzi, P. (2012). An empirical study on the relationship between twitter sentiment and influence in the tourism domain. In Marko Tkalčič, Berardina De Carolis, Marco de Gemmis, Ante Odić, & Andrej Košir (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2012 (pp. 506–516). Springer.
  • Bigné, E., Oltra, E., & Andreu, L. (2019). Harnessing stakeholder input on Twitter: A case study of short breaks in Spanish tourist cities. Tourism Management, 71(April), 490–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.10.013
  • Boo, S., Busser, J., & Baloglu, S. (2009). A model of customer-based brand equity and its application to multiple destinations. Tourism Management, 30(2), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.06.003
  • Borrego, C., Borrell, J., & Robles, S. (2019). Hey, influencer! Message delivery to social central nodes in social opportunistic networks. Computer Communications, 137(March), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2019.02.003
  • Brown, J., Broderick, A. J., & Lee, N. (2007). Word of mouth communication within online communities: Conceptualizing the online social network. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 21(3), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20082
  • Chen, H., & Rahman, I. (2018). Cultural tourism: An analysis of engagement, cultural contact, memorable tourism experience and destination loyalty. Tourism Management Perspectives, 26(April), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.10.006
  • Chen, N., & Dwyer, L. (2018). Residents’ place satisfaction and place attachment on destination brand-Building behaviours: Conceptual and empirical differentiation. Journal of Travel Research, 57(8), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517729760
  • Chen, N., Dwyer, L., & Firth, T. (2014). Effect of dimensions of place attachment on residents’ word-of-mouth behaviour. Tourism Geographies, 16(5), 826–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2014.915877
  • Chen, N., Dwyer, L., & Firth, T. (2018). Residents’ place attachment and word-of-mouth behaviours: A tale of two cities. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36(September), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.05.001
  • Cheong, H. J., & Morrison, M. A. (2008). Consumers’ reliance on product information and recommendations found in UGC. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 8(2), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2008.10722141
  • Chiu, W., Bae, J. S., & Won, D. (2017). The experience of watching baseball games in Korea: An analysis of user-generated content on social media using Leximancer. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 21(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1255562
  • Choo, H., Park, S.-Y., & Petrick, J. F. (2011). The influence of the resident’s identification with a tourism destination brand on their behaviour. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 20(2), 198–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2011.536079
  • Chou, E.-Y., Lin, C.-Y., & Huang, H.-C. (2016). Fairness and devotion go far: Integrating online justice and value co-creation in virtual communities. International Journal of Information Management, 36(1), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.09.009
  • Cretchley, J., Rooney, D., & Gallois, C. (2010). Mapping a 40-year history with Leximancer: Themes and concepts in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(3), 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022110366105
  • Ćurlin, T., Jaković, B., & Miloloža, I. (2019). Twitter usage in tourism: Literature review. Business Systems Research Journal, 10(1), 102–119. https://doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2019-0008
  • Dedeoğlu, B. B., Taheri, B., Okumus, F., & Gannon, M. (2020). Understanding the importance that consumers attach to social media sharing (ISMS): Scale development and validation. Tourism Management, 76, 103954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.103954
  • Dedeoğlu, B. B., Van Niekerk, M., Weinland, J., & Celuch, K. (2019). Re-conceptualizing customer-based destination brand equity. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 11(March), 211–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.04.003
  • Dwyer, L., Pham, T., Forsyth, P., & Spurr, R. (2014). Destination marketing of Australia: Return on investment. Journal of Travel Research, 53(3), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513497836
  • Ebrahimi, P., Hajmohammadi, A., & Khajeheian, D. (2020). Place branding and moderating role of social media. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(14), 1723–1731. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1658725
  • Ekinci, Y., & Hosany, S. (2016). Destination personality: An application of brand personality to tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506291603
  • Ellis, A. (2020). Oklahoma unveils new branding and tagline 'Imagine that'. Accessed 30 January 2021. https://ktul.com/news/local/oklahomas-new-brand-imagine-that.
  • Filieri, R. (2016). What makes an online consumer review trustworthy? Annals of Tourism Research, 58, 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.12.019
  • Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343–373. https://doi.org/10.1086/209515
  • Fuggetta, R. (2012). Brand advocates: Turning enthusiastic customers into a powerful marketing force. Wiley.
  • Giannopoulos, A., Piha, L., & Skourtis, G. (2020). Destination branding and co-creation: A service ecosystem perspective. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 30(1), 148–166. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-08-2019-2504
  • Han, W., McCabe, S., Wang, Y., & Chong, A. Y. L. (2018). Evaluating user-generated content in social media: An effective approach to encourage greater pro-environmental behaviour in tourism? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(4), 600–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1372442
  • Hanna, S., Rowley, J., & Keegan, B. (2021). Place and destination branding: A review and conceptual mapping of the domain. European Management Review, 18(2), 105–117.
  • Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. D. (2004). Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: What motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.10073
  • Hollebeek, L. (2011). Exploring customer brand engagement: Definition and themes. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 19(7), 555–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2011.599493
  • Hudson, S., & Thal, K. (2013). The impact of social media on the consumer decision process: Implications for tourism marketing. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1-2), 156–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2013.751276
  • Hultman, M., Skarmeas, D., Oghazi, P., & Beheshti, H. M. (2015). Achieving tourist loyalty through destination personality, satisfaction, and identification. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2227–2231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.002
  • Hur, K., Kim, T. T., Karatepe, O. M., & Lee, G. (2017). An exploration of the factors influencing social media continuance usage and information sharing intentions among Korean travellers. Tourism Management, 63(December), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.06.013
  • Janoske, M., Byrd, R., & Madden, S. (2019). One liners and catchy hashtags: Building a graduate student community through twitter chats. Journal of Public Relations Education, 5(1), 70–100. https://aejmc.us/jpre/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2019/01/JPRE-5.1-final-full-issue.pdf#page=74
  • Jillapalli, R. K., & Wilcox, J. B. (2010). Professor brand advocacy: Do brand relationships matter? Journal of Marketing Education, 32(3), 328–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475310380880
  • Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., Savolainen, I., & Oksanen, A. (2020). Shared identity and shared information in social media: Development and validation of the identity bubble reinforcement scale. Media Psychology, 23(1), 25–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2018.1544910
  • Kang, M., & Schuett, M. A. (2013). Determinants of sharing travel experiences in social media. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(1/2), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2013.751237
  • Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
  • Keller, E. (2007). Unleashing the power of word of mouth: Creating brand advocacy to drive growth. Journal of Advertising Research, 47(4), 448–452. https://doi.org/10.2501/S0021849907070468
  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing consumer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700101
  • Keller, K. L. (2020). Leveraging secondary associations to build brand equity: Theoretical perspectives and practical applications. International Journal of Advertising, 39(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1710973
  • Kelman, H. C. (1958). Compliance, identification, and internalization: Three processes of attitude change. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200275800200106
  • Kemp, E., Childers, C. Y., & Williams, K. H. (2012). Place branding: Creating self-brand connections and brand advocacy. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 21(7), 508–515. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421211276259
  • Kemp, E., Williams, K. H., & Bordelon, B. M. (2012). The impact of marketing on internal stakeholders in destination branding: The case of a musical city. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 18(2), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766712443469
  • Kesgin, M., Murthy, R. S., & Pohland, L. W. (2019). Residents as destination advocates: The role of attraction familiarity on destination image. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 2(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-06-2018-0034
  • Kim, J., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2016). Sharing tourism experiences: The posttrip experience. Journal of Travel Research, 56(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287515620491
  • Kim, T., Chang, K., & Jae Ko, Y. (2010). Determinants of organisational identification and supportive intentions. Journal of Marketing Management, 26(5–6), 413–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/02672570903485022
  • Kumar, V., & Kaushik, A. K. (2017). Achieving destination advocacy and destination loyalty through destination brand identification. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(9), 1247–1260. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1331871
  • Kumar, V., & Kaushik, A. K. (2018). Destination brand experience and visitor behaviour: The mediating role of destination brand identification. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(5), 649–663. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1401032
  • Kumar, V., & Kaushik, A. K. (2020). Does experience affect engagement? Role of destination brand engagement in developing brand advocacy and revisit intentions. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 37(3), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1757562
  • Kumar, V., & Nayak, J. K. (2014a). Destination personality: Scale development and validation. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348014561027
  • Kumar, V., & Nayak, J. K. (2014b). The measurement & conceptualization of destination personality. Tourism Management Perspectives, 12, 88–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.09.002
  • Labrecque, L. I., Esche, J. V. D., Mathwick, C., Novak, T. P., & Hofacker, C. F. (2013). Consumer power: Evolution in the digital age. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), 257–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2013.09.002
  • Lawer, C., & Knox, S. (2006). Customer advocacy and brand development. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 15(2), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420610658956
  • Lee, K.-H., & Hyun, S. S. (2016). The effects of perceived destination ability and destination brand love on tourists’ loyalty to post-disaster tourism destinations: The case of Korean tourists to Japan. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(5), 613–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1167349
  • Lemon, L. L., & Hayes, J. (2020). Enhancing trustworthiness of qualitative findings: Using Leximancer for qualitative data analysis triangulation. The Qualitative Report, 25(3), 604–614. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/enhancing-trustworthiness-qualitative-findings/docview/2377697869/se-2
  • Leximancer. (2019). Leximancer User Guide. Accessed 1 December 2019. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5e26633cfcf7d67bbd350a7f/t/60682893c386f915f4b05e43/1617438916753/Leximancer+User+Guide+4.5.pdf
  • Lieberman, M. (2019). How ‘the new customer buyer’s journey’ is reshaping the way you strategically manage your brand. Journal of Brand Strategy, 8(1), 76–85. Retrieved from https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/hsp/jbs/2019/00000008/00000001/art00009
  • Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management. Tourism Management, 29(3), 458–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.011
  • Llodra-Riera, I., Martínez-Ruiz, M. P., Jiménez-Zarco, A. I., & Izquierdo-Yusta, A. (2015). Assessing the influence of social media on tourists’ motivations and image formation of a destination. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 7(4), 458–482. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-03-2014-0022
  • Magno, F., & Cassia, F. (2018). The impact of social media influencers in tourism. Anatolia, 29(2), 288–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2018.1476981
  • Malhotra, Y., & Galletta, D. (2005). A multidimensional commitment model of volitional systems adoption and usage behavior. Journal of Management Information Systems, 22(1), 117–151.
  • Mas Manchón, L., & Guerrero-Solé, F. (2019). The use of hashtags as a political branding strategy/El uso de los hashtags como una estrategia de Marca política. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, 9(17), 5–24. Retrieved from http://revistarelacionespublicas.uma.es/index.php/revrrpp/article/view/582
  • Mayring, P. (2004). A companion to qualitative research. Qualitative Content Analysis, 1, 159–176.
  • McConnell, B., & Huba, J. (2003). A just cause: creating emotional connections with customers. Inc Magazine.
  • McDonald, L. (2019). 5 Statistics that prove social media will influence your next travel destination, Stackla. Accessed 17 February 2021. https://stackla.com/resources/blog/5-statistics-that-prove-social-media-will-influence-your-next-travel-destination/#:~:text=In%20putting%20together%20research%20for,part%20of%20their%20planning%20process.
  • Munar, A. M., & Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014). Motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media. Tourism Management, 43, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.01.012
  • Narangajavana, Y., Fiol, L. J. C., Tena, MÁM, Artola, R. M. R., & García, J. S. (2017). The influence of social media in creating expectations. An empirical study for a tourist destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 65, 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.05.002
  • Northern Territory Tourism NT. (2019). Northern Territory is different in every sense. Accessed on 30 January 2021. https://www.tourismnt.com.au/news-media/latest-news/northern-territory-different-every-sense.
  • Oliveira, T., Araujo, B., & Tam, C. (2020). Why do people share their travel experiences on social media? Tourism Management, 78(June), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104041
  • Öz, M. (2015). Social media utilization of tourists for travel-related purposes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(5), 1003–1023. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2014-0034
  • Pahlevan-Sharif, S., Mura, P., & Wijesinghe, S. N. (2019). Qualitative online research in tourism – A systematic review of the literature. Tourism Review, 75(2), 448–465. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-02-2019-0072
  • Palmer, A., Koenig-Lewis, N., & Medi Jones, L. E. (2013). The effects of residents’ social identity and involvement on their advocacy of incoming tourism. Tourism Management, 38(October), 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.02.019
  • Papadimitriou, D., Kaplanidou, K., & Apostolopoulou, A. (2018). Destination image components and word-of-mouth intentions in urban tourism: A multigroup approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 42(4), 503–527. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348015584443
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: A personal, experiential perspective. Qualitative Social Work, 1(3), 261–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325002001003636
  • Park, C. W., & MacInnis, D. J. (2006). What’s in and what’s out: Questions on the boundaries of the attitude construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(1), 16–18. https://doi.org/10.1086/504122
  • Park, S. B., Ok, C. M., & Chae, B. K. (2016). Using Twitter data for cruise tourism marketing and research. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(6), 885–898. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2015.1071688
  • Parrott, G., Danbury, A., & Kanthavanich, P. (2015). Online behaviour of luxury fashion brand advocates. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 19(4), 360–383. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-09-2014-0069
  • Pektas, S. Y., & Hassan, A. (2020). The effect of digital content marketing on tourists’ purchase intention. Journal of Tourismology, 6(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2020.6.1.0011
  • Philander, K., & Zhong, Y. (2016). Twitter sentiment analysis: Capturing sentiment from integrated resort tweets. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 55, 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.02.001
  • Prideaux, B., & Cooper, C. (2003). Marketing and destination growth: A symbiotic relationship or simple coincidence? Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670200900103
  • Qu, H., Kim, L. H., & Im, H. H. (2011). A model of destination branding: Integrating the concepts of the branding and destination image. Tourism Management, 32(3), 465–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.014
  • Rodríguez-Molina, M. A., Frías-Jamilena, D. M., Del Barrio-García, S., & Castañeda-García, J. A. (2019). Destination brand equity-formation: Positioning by tourism type and message consistency. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 114–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.03.010
  • Sahin, S., & Baloglu, S. (2014). City branding: Investigating a brand advocacy model for distinct segments. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 23(3), 239–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2013.779562
  • Salesforce. (2020). Accessed 30 January 2020. https://socialstudio.radian6.com/.
  • Schau, H. J., Muñiz, A. M., & Arnould, E. J. (2009). How brand community practices create value. Journal of Marketing, 73(5), 1547–7185. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.5.30
  • Smith, A. N., Fischer, E., & Yongjian, C. (2012). How does brand-related user-generated content differ across YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2012.01.002
  • Sotiriadis, M. D. (2017). Sharing tourism experiences in social media. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 179–225. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2016-0300
  • Stauss, B. (2000). Using new media for customer interaction: A challenge for relationship marketing. In Thorsten Hennig-Thurau & Ursula Hansen (Eds.), Relationship marketing (pp. 233–253). Springer.
  • Steve. (2019). 25 Travel and tourism statistics that you need to know in 2020. SocialToaster. Accessed 17 February 2021. https://www.socialtoaster.com/travel-tourism-statistics/.
  • Stokburger-Sauer, N. E. (2011). The relevance of visitors’ nation brand embeddedness and personality congruence for nation brand identification, visit intentions and advocacy. Tourism Management, 32(6), 1282–1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.12.004
  • Stokburger-Sauer, N., Ratneshwar, S., & Sen, S. (2012). Drivers of consumer-brand identification. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29(4), 406–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2012.06.001
  • Swanson, K. (2015). Place brand love and marketing to place consumers as tourists. Journal of Place Management and Development, 8(2), 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-05-2015-0012
  • Swanson, K. (2017). Destination brand love: Managerial implications and applications to tourism businesses. Journal of Place Management and Development, 10(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-11-2016-0073
  • Tham, A., Mair, J., & Croy, G. (2019). Social media influence on tourists’ destination choice: Importance of context. Tourism Recreation Research, 45(2), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2019.1700655
  • Thompson, M., Prideaux, B., McShane, C., Dale, A., Turnour, J., & Atkinson, M. (2016). Tourism development in agricultural landscapes: The case of the Atherton Tablelands, Australia. Landscape Research, 41(7), 730–743. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2016.1174839
  • Tiago, F., Couto, J., Faria, S., & Borges-Tiago, T. (2018). Cruise tourism: Social media content and network structures. Tourism Review, 73(4), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-10-2017-0155
  • Tripadvisor. (2017). TripBarometer 2017/18. Accessed 17 February 2021. https://mk0tainsightsjao4bom.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/TripBarometer-2017-2018.pdf.
  • Tourism Australia. (2020). Accessed 31 January 2021. https://www.tourism.australia.com/en
  • Tse, T. S. M., & Zhang, E. Y. (2013). Analysis of blogs and microblogs: A case study of Chinese bloggers sharing their Hong Kong travel experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(4), 314–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2012.658413
  • Tsiotsou, R. H., & Goldsmith, R. E. (2013). You’re nothing without me: What consumers contribute to brands. In W. Douglas Evans (Ed.), Psychology of Branding (pp. 55-74). Nova Science Publishers Inc. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=571a5d1bcbd5c283e96f4f4f&assetKey=AS%3A353723084754944%401461345563077
  • Tuten, T. L., & Solomon, M. R. (2018). Social media marketing. Sage Publications Ltd.
  • Ukpabi, D. C., & Karjaluoto, H. (2018). What drives travelers’ adoption of user-generated content? A literature review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28, 251–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.03.006
  • Usakli, A., & Baloglu, S. (2011). Brand personality of tourist destinations: An application of self-congruity theory. Tourism Management, 32(1), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.06.006
  • Venkatesh, V., Speier, C., & Morris, M. G. (2002). User acceptance enablers in individual decision making about technology: Toward an integrated model. Decision Sciences, 33(2), 297–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2002.tb01646.x
  • Wallace, E., Buil, I., & De Chernatony, L. (2012). Facebook ‘friendship’and brand advocacy. Journal of Brand Management, 20(2), 128–146. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2012.45
  • Wang, T.-L., Tran, P. T. K., & Tran, V. T. (2017). Destination perceived quality, tourist satisfaction and word-of-mouth. Tourism Review, 72(4), 392–410. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2017-0103
  • Wilk, V., Harrigan, P., & Soutar, G. N. (2018). Navigating online brand advocacy (OBA): An exploratory analysis. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 26(1-2), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2017.1389246
  • Wilk, V., Soutar, G., & Harrigan, P. (2021). Online brand advocacy and brand loyalty: A reciprocal relationship? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-05-2020-0303
  • Wilk, V., Soutar, G. N., & Harrigan, P. (2019a). Tackling social media data analysis. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 22(2), 94–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-01-2017-0021
  • Wilk, V., Soutar, G. N., & Harrigan, P. (2019b). Online brand advocacy (OBA): The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 29(4), 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-10-2018-2090
  • Wilson, A., Murphy, H., & Cambra Fierro, J. (2012). Hospitality and travel: The nature and implications of user-generated content. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 53(3), 220–228. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965512449317
  • Wilson, E., Mura, P., Sharif, S. P., & Wijesinghe, S. N. (2020). Beyond the third moment? Mapping the state of qualitative tourism research. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(7), 795–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1568971
  • Wong, J. W. C., Lai, I. K. W., & Tao, Z. (2019). Sharing memorable tourism experiences on mobile social media and how it influences further travel decisions. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(14), 1773–1787. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1649372
  • World Health Organisation. (2020). Newsroom. Accessed 31 January 2021. https://www.who.int/
  • Wu, H.-C., & Chang, Y.-Y. (2019). What drives advocacy intentions? A case study of mainland Chinese tourists to Taiwan. Journal of China Tourism Research, 15(2), 213–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2018.1556140
  • Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016
  • Zeng, B., & Gerritsen, R. (2014). What do we know about social media in tourism? A review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 10(April), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.01.001
  • Zenker, S., Braun, E., & Petersen, S. (2017). Branding the destination versus the place: The effects of brand complexity and identification for residents and visitors. Tourism Management, 58(February), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.008
  • Zhou, S., Yan, Q., Yan, M., & Shen, C. (2020). Tourists’ emotional changes and eWOM behaviour on social media and integrated tourism websites. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(3), 336–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2339

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.