References
- Abe , H. , Esashi , M. and Matsuo , T. 1979 . “ISFET's Using Inorganic Gate Thin Films,” . IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices , ED‐ 26 ( 12 ) : 1939 – 1944 .
- Bergveld , P. 1970 . “Development of an Ion‐sensitive Solid‐state Device for Neuro‐physiological Measurements,” . IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering , BME‐17 : 70 – 71 .
- Blackburn , G. F. 1983 . “Molecular Adsorption Measurement with Chemically Sensitive Field Effect Transistors,” , Utah, , USA : University of Utah . Ph. D. Dissertation,
- Bousse , L. , De Rooij , N. F. and Bergveld , P. 1983 . “Operation of Chemically Sensitive Field‐Effect Sensors as a Function of the Insulator‐Electrolyte Interface,” . IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices , ED‐30 ( 10 ) : 1263 – 1270 .
- Fung , C. D. , Cheung , P. W. and Ko , W. H. 1986 . “A Generalized Theory of an Electrolyte‐Insulator‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistor,” . IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices , ED‐33 ( 1 ) : 8 – 18 .
- Grisel , A. , Francis , C. , Verney , E. and Mondin , G. 1989 . “Packaging Technologies for Integrated Electrochemical Sensors,” . Sensors and Actuators , 17 : 285 – 295 .
- Harame , D. , Shott , J. , Plummer , J. and Meindl , J. “An Implantable Ion Sensor Transducer,” . Technical Digest of the IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting . December , Washington, DC, USA. pp. 467 – 470 .
- Harame , D. 1984 . “Integrated Circuit Chemical Sensors,” , Stanford, CA, , USA : Stanford University . Ph. D. Dissertation
- Jamasb , S. , Collins , S. D. and Smith , R. L. 1998 . “A Physical Model for Threshold Voltage Instability in Si3N4‐Gate H+‐Sensitive FET's (pH ISFET's),” . IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices , 45 ( 6 ) : 1239 – 1245 .
- Janata , J. and Huber , R. J. 1979 . “Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors,” . Ion‐Selective Electrode Review , 1 : 31 – 79 .
- Kelly , R. G. 1977 . “Microelectronic Approaches to Solid State Ion Selective Electrodes,” . Electrochimica Acta , 22 : 1 – 8 .
- Lambrechts , M. , Suls , J. and Sansen , W. “Thick‐Film Voltammetric Sensors Based on Ruthenium Dioxide,” . Proceedings of the 2nd International Meeting on Chemical Sensors . July 7–10 , Bordeaux, France. pp. 572 – 575 .
- Moss , S. D. , Johnson , C. C. and Janata , J. 1978 . “Hydrogen, Calcium, and Potassium Ion‐Sensitive FET Transducers: A Preliminary Report,” . IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineer‐ing , BME‐25 ( 1 ) : 49 – 54 .
- Sakai , T. , Amemiya , I. , Uno , S. and Katsura , M. 1990 . “A Backside Contact ISFET with a Silicon‐Insulator‐Silicon Structure,” . Sensors and Actuators B , 1 : 341 – 344 .
- Schnakenberg , U. , Lisec , T. , Hintsche , R. , Kuna , I. , Uhlig , A. and Wagner , B. “Novel Potentiometric Silicon Sensor for Medical Devices,” . Technical Digest of the 8th International Conference on Solid‐State Sensors and Actuators, and Eurosensors IX (Transducers'95/EurosensorsIX) . June 25–29 , Stockholm, Sweden. pp. 959 – 962 .
- Shimada , K. , Yano , M. , Shibatani , K. , Komoto , Y. , Esashi , M. and Matsuo , T. 1980 . “Application of Catheter‐tip ISFET for Continuous In‐vivo Measurement,” . Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing , 18 : 741 – 745 .
- Sibbald , A. , Whalley , P. D. and Covington , A. K. 1984 . “A Miniature Flow‐through Cell with a Four‐function CHEMFET Integrated Circuit for Simultaneous Measurements of Potassium, Hydrogen, Calcium and Sodium Ions,” . Analytica Chimica Acta , 159 : 47 – 62 .
- Sibbald , A. and Shaw , J. E. A. 1987 . “A Flow‐through Ion‐selective Field‐effect Transistor,” . Sensors and Actuators , 12 : 297 – 300 .
- Siu , W. M. and Cobbold , R. S. C. 1979 . “Basic Properties of the Electrolyte‐SiO2‐Si System: Physical and Theoretical Aspects,” . IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices , ED‐26 ( 11 ) : 1805 – 1815 .
- Smith , R. L. and Scott , D. C. “A Solid State Miniature Reference Electrode,” . Proceedings of the IEEE/NSF Symposium on Biosensors . September , Los Angeles, CA, USA. pp. 61 – 62 .
- Smith , R. L. and Collins , S. D. 1988 . “Micromachined Packaging for Chemical Microsensors,” . IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices , 35 ( 66 ) : 787 – 792 .
- Steenkiste , F. V. , Baert , K. , Debruyker , D. , Spiering , V. , Van Der Schoot , B. , Arquint , P. , Born , R. and Schumann , K. 1997 . “A Microsensor Array for Biochemical Sensing,” . Sensors and Actuators B , 44 : 409 – 412 .
- Steyaert , M. , Lambrechts , M. and Sansen , W. 1987 . “ Noise Power Spectrum Density Analysis of Planar Ag/AgCl Electrodes,” . Sensors and Actuators , 12 : 185 – 192 .
- Van Den Vlekkert , H. H. , De Rooij , N. F. , Van Den Berg , A. and Grisel , A. 1990 . “Multi‐ion Sensing System Based on Glass‐encapsulated pHISFETs and a Pseudo‐REFET,” . Sensors and Actuators B , 1 : 395 – 400 .
- Woias , P. , Meixner , L. and FrOstl , P. 1998 . “Slow pH Response Effects of Silicon Nitride ISFET Sensors,” . Sensors and Actuators B , 48 : 501 – 504 .
- Wong , H. S. and White , M. H. 1989 . “A CMOS‐Integrated “ISFET‐Operational Amplifier” Chemical Sensor Employing Differential Sensing,” . IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices , 36 ( 3 ) : 479 – 487 .
- Yates , D. E. , Levine , S. and Healy , T. W. 1974 . “Site‐binding Model of the Electrical Double Layer at the Oxide/Water Interface,” . Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Trans. I , 70 : 1807 – 1818 .
- Yeow , T. C. W. , Haskard , M. R. , Mulcahy , D. E. , Seo , H. I. and Kwon , D. H. 1997 . “A Very Large Integrated pH‐ISFET Sensor Array Chip Compatible with Standard CMOS Processes,” . Sensors and Actuators B , 44 : 434 – 440 .
- Correspondence addressee