Is decolonisation Africanisation? The politics of belonging in the truly African university

References

• Abrahamsen, R. 2020. “Internationalists, Sovereigntists, Nativists: Contending Visions of World Order in Pan-Africanism.” Review of International Studies 46 (1): 56–74. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210519000305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed, A. K. 2019. “The Rise of Fallism: #RhodesMustFall and the Movement to Decolonize the University.” PhD. diss., Columbia University.
   Google Scholar
• Amadiume, I. 1997. Re-Inventing Africa: Matriarchy, Religion, and Culture. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Black Academic Caucus UCT. 2019. “Facebook Post.” Black Academic Caucus UCT Facebook, June 14. https://bit.ly/3IMBY7N.
   Google Scholar
• CCSA (The Constitutional Court of South Africa). 2017. “Afriforum and Another V University of the Free State, CCT101/17, [2017] ZACC 48.” Accessed May 5, 2022. https://collections.concourt.org.za/handle/20.500.12144/34583.
   Google Scholar
• CCSA (The Constitutional Court of South Africa). 2019. “Gelyke Kanse and Others V Chairperson of the Senate of the University of Stellenbosch and Others, CCT311/17, [2019] ZACC 38.“ Accessed May 5, 2022. https://collections.concourt.org.za/handle/20.500.12144/34621.
   Google Scholar
• Chikane, R. 2018. Breaking a Rainbow, Building a Nation: The Politics Behind #mustfall Movements. Johannesburg: Pan Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Coetzee, C. 2019. Written Under the Skin: Blood and Intergenerational Memory in South Africa. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781787444263.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, A. 2018. “‘You Can’t Write in Kaapse Afrikaans in Your Question paper… the Terms Must Be right’: Race- and Class-Infused Language Ideologies in Educational Places on the Cape Flats.” Educational Research for Social Change 7 (1): 30–45. https://doi.org/10.17159/2221-4070/2018/v7i1a3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, M., and A. Ndofirepi, eds. 2017. Knowledge and Change in African Universities: Current Debates. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• DHET (Department of Higher Education and Training). 2017. Draft Language Policy for Public Higher Education Institutions Determined in Terms of Section 27 (2) of the Higher Education Act (Act 103 of 1997 as Amended). Pretoria, South Africa: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• DHET (Department of Higher Education and Training). 2020. Language Policy Framework for Public Higher Education Institutions Determined in Terms of Section 27 (2) of the Higher Education Act, 101 of 1997 as Amended. Pretoria, South Africa: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• Diop, C. A. 1974. The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality. Translated by M. Cook. Westport, CT: Lawrence Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Dube, B. 2017. “Afrikaans Must Fall and English Must Rise – Ironies and Contradictions in Protests by South African University Students.” Africa Insight 47 (2): 13–27.
   Google Scholar
• Englund, H. 2022. Visions for Racial Equality: David Clement Scott and the Struggle for Justice in Nineteenth-Century Malawi. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Epstein, B. 2019. “Biko on Non-White and Black: Improving Social Reality.” In Debating African Philosophy: Perspectives on Identity, Decolonial Ethics and Comparative Philosophy, edited by G. Hull, 97–117. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429438189-6.
   Google Scholar
• Falola, T., and C. Jennings. 2002. Africanizing Knowledge: African Studies Across the Disciplines. London: Transaction Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Fengu, M. 2019. “UCT Vice-Chancellor Allowed Use of Resources to Push Dean Appointment.” City Press, October 28. https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/uct-vice-chancellor-allowed-use-of-resources-to-push-dean-appointment-20191026.
   Google Scholar
• Giliomee, H. 2004. “The Rise and Possible Demise of Afrikaans as Public Language.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 10 (1): 25–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537110490450764.
   Google Scholar
• Giliomee, H. 2009. “A Deadly War of Languages.” The Mail & Guardian, October 5. https://mg.co.za/article/2009-10-05-a-deadly-war-of-languages/.
   Google Scholar
• Godsell, G., R. Lepere, S. Mafoko, and A. Nase. 2016. “Documenting the Revolution.” In Fees Must Fall: Student Revolt, Decolonisation and Governance in South Africa, edited by S. Booysen, 101–124. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. https://doi.org/10.18772/22016109858.10.
   Google Scholar
• Hirson, B. 1979. Year of Fire, Year of Ash: The Soweto Revolt: Roots of a Revolution? London: Zed Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, E., ed. 2016. Citizenship, Belonging, and Political Community in Africa: Dialogues Between Past and Present. Ohio: Ohio University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jeyifo, B. 2018. “English is an African Language–Ka Dupe![for and Against Ngũgĩ].” Journal of African Cultural Studies 30 (2): 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2016.1264295.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kriel, M. 2018. “Chronicle of a Creole: The Ironic History of Afrikaans.” In Creolization and Pidginization in Contexts of Postcolonial Diversity, edited by J. Knörr and W. Filho, 132–157. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Mamdani, M. 1996. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mamdani, M. 2008. “Higher Education, the State and the Marketplace.” Journal of Higher Education in Africa 6 (1): 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Mamdani, M. 2016. “Between the Public Intellectual and the Scholar: Decolonization and Some Post-Independence Initiatives in African Higher Education.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 17 (1): 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2016.1140260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangcu, X. 2017. “Shattering the Myth of a Post-Racial Consensus in South African Higher Education: Rhodes Must Fall and the Struggle for Transformation at the University of Cape Town.” Critical Philosophy of Race 5 (2): 243–266. https://doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.5.2.0243.
   Google Scholar
• Mbembe, A. 2016. “Decolonizing the University: New Directions.” Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 15 (1): 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022215618513.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, J. P. 2021. “A Fanonian Theory of Rupture: From Algerian Decolonization to Student Movements in South Africa and Brazil.” Critical African Studies 13 (1): 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2021.1884106.
   Google Scholar
• Msila, V., and M. Gumbo, eds. 2016. Africanising the Curriculum: Indigenous Perspectives and Theories. Stellenbosch, South Africa: African Sun Media. https://doi.org/10.18820/9780992236083.
   Google Scholar
• Msimang, S. 2016. “End of the Rainbow.” Overland 2016 (223): 3–11.
   Google Scholar
• Naidoo, L. 2020. “Black student intellectuals and the complexity of entailment in the #RhodesMustFall movement.” PhD. diss., University of the Witwatersrand.
   Google Scholar
• Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. 2017. “The Emergence and Trajectories of Struggles for an ‘African university’: The Case of Unfinished Business of African Epistemic Decolonisation.” Kronos 43 (1): 51–77. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-9585/2017/v43a4.
   Google Scholar
• Neale, C. 1985. Writing ‘Independent’ History: African Historiography, 1960-1980. London: Greenwood Press.
   Google Scholar
• Neocosmos, M. 2010. From Foreign Natives to Native Foreigners. Explaining Xenophobia in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Explaining Xenophobia in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Citizenship and Nationalism, Identity and Politics. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA.
   Google Scholar
• Nyamnjoh, A. 2022. “Decolonisation, Africanisation, and epistemic citizenship in post-Rhodes Must Fall South African universities.” PhD. Diss., University of Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Nyamnjoh, F. B. 2006. Insiders and Outsiders: Citizenship and Xenophobia in Contemporary Southern Africa. Dakar, Senegal: Zed Books Ltd CODESRIA. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350220775.
   Google Scholar
• Nyamnjoh, F. B. 2016. #rhodesmustfall: Nibbling at Resilient Colonialism in South Africa. Bamenda, Cameroon: Langaa RPCIG.
   Google Scholar
• Ochwada, H. 2005. “Historians, Nationalism and Pan-Africanism: Myths and Realities.” In African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development, edited by T. Mkandawire, 193–208. London: CODESRIA Books in association with Zed Books. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350218147.ch-009.
   Google Scholar
• Odendaal, G. 2014. “Should Afrikaans be restandardised?” Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe 54 (4): 656–674.
   Google Scholar
• Open Stellenbosch Collective. 2015. “Open Stellenbosch.” Open Stellenbosch Collective Facebook. Accessed February 22, 2022. https://www.facebook.com/openstellenbosch/.
   Google Scholar
• Prah, K. K. 2017. “The Intellectualisation of African Languages for Higher Education.” Alternation Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa 24 (2): 215–225. https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2017/v24n2a11.
   Google Scholar
• Ranger, T. O., ed. 1968. Emerging Themes of African History: Proceedings of the International Congress of African Historians Held At University College, Dar Es Salaam, October 1965. London: Heinemann Educational Books.
   Google Scholar
• Ratele, K. 2019. The World Looks Like This from Here: Thoughts on African Psychology. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rodney, W. 1972. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Rudwick, S. 2016. “Afrikaans and Institutional Identity: A South African University in the Crossfire.” In Knowledge Production in and on Africa, edited by H. Horáková and K. Werkman, 127–149. Münster, Germany: LIT Verlag Münster.
   Google Scholar
• Schreiber, L. 2021. “DA Launches Petition to Recognise Afrikaans as an Indigenous Language, Democratic Alliance.” Democratic Alliance, September 30. https://www.da.org.za/2021/09/da-launches-petition-to-recognise-afrikaans-as-an-indigenous-language.
   Google Scholar
• Steyn, M. E. 2004. “Rehabilitating a Whiteness Disgraced: Afrikaner White Talk in Post-Apartheid South Africa.” Communication Quarterly 52 (2): 143–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370409370187.
   Google Scholar
• Stroud, C., and Q. Williams. 2017. “Multilingualism as Utopia: Fashioning Non-Racial Selves.” AILA Review 30: 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.00008.str.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabensky, P. A., and S. Matthews, eds. 2015. Being at Home: Race, Institutional Culture and Transformation at South African Higher Education. Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.
   Google Scholar
• Táíwò, O. 2022. Against Decolonisation: Taking African Agency Seriously. London: Hurst & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Tandon, Y., ed. 1982. University of Dar Es Salaam Debate on Class, State, and Imperialism. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Temu, A. J., and B. Swai. 1981. Historians and Africanist History: A Critique: Post-Colonial Historiography Examined. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Thamm, M. 2021. “Afrikaans Language: An Exhilarating Linguistic Minefield: Be Duidelik and Dala What You Must.” Daily Maverick, October 28. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-10-28-an-exhilarating-linguistic-minefield-be-duidelik-and-dala-what-you-must/.
   Google Scholar
• (UCT Human Resources) University of Cape Town Department of Human Resources. 2022. “Guidance for the Implementation of Employment Equity, 2022-2026.” Accessed May 29, 2022. https://uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/media/documents/uct_ac_za/39/Guide_Employment_Equity_2022.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• (USAf) Universities South Africa. 2021. “Stellenbosch University Wants Afrikaans Recognised as an Indigenous Language in the Policy Promoting Multilingualism.” Accessed May 5, 2022. https://www.usaf.ac.za/stellenbosch-university-wants-afrikaans-recognised-as-an-indigenous-language-in-the-policy-promoting-multilingualism/.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Waal, C. S. 2012. “Creolisation and Purity: Afrikaans Language Politics in Post-Apartheid Times.” African Studies 71 (3): 446–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2012.740886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Wouden, T. 2012. Roots of Afrikaans: Selected writings of Hans den Besten. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/cll.44.
   Google Scholar
• Van Heerden, M. 2016. “Afrikaaps: A celebratory protest against the racialised hegemony of ‘pure’ Afrikaans.” MA diss., Stellenbosch University. https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/100364.
   Google Scholar
• Van Rensburg, C.1999. “Afrikaans and apartheid.” Translated by K. McCormick.International Journal of the Sociology of Language 1999 (136): 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1999.136.77.
   Google Scholar
• Van Rensburg, C. 2018. Finding Afrikaans. Midrand, South Africa: LAPA Uitgewers.
   Google Scholar
• Wa Thiong’o, N. 1986. Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. London: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Wa Thiong’o, N. 1992. Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedoms. London: Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, V. 2010. “Afrikaans in Higher Education in South Africa.” Alternation 17 (1): 355–381.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, V., and M. Kriel. 2000. “Afrikaans and Afrikaner nationalism.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 144 (1): 19–50. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2000.144.19.
   Google Scholar
• Willemse, H. 2016. “Soppangheid for Kaaps: Power, Creolisation and Kaaps Afrikaans.” Multilingual Margins: A Journal of Multilingualism from the Periphery 3 (2): 73–85. https://doi.org/10.14426/mm.v3i2.42.
   Google Scholar
• Willemse, H. 2018. “Hidden histories of Afrikaans.” In Whiteness Afrikaans Afrikaners: Addressing Post-Apartheid Legacies, Privileges and Burdens, edited by J. Netshitenzhe, 115–130. Johannesburg: Mapungubwe Institute (MISTRA). https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh8qwz9.20.
   Google Scholar
• Young, I. F., and D. Sullivan. 2016. “Competitive Victimhood: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature.” Current Opinion in Psychology 11: 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, N. 2006. “Belonging and the Politics of Belonging.” Patterns of Prejudice 40 (3): 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313220600769331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeleza, P. T. 1997. Manufacturing African Studies and Crises. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA.
   Google Scholar
• Zeleza, P. T. 2005. “Gender Biases in African Historiography.” In African Gender Studies: A Reader, edited by O. Oyewumi, 208–232. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09009-6_11.
   Google Scholar