Hypoxia adaptation in fish of the Amazon: a never-ending task

References

• ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F. 1986. Lactato desidrogenase de duas espécies de peixes da Amazónia, Mylossoma duriventrise Colossoma macropomum (Characiformes): Aspectos adaptativos. Ph.D. Dissertation. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F. 1998. Phenotypic plasticity in Amazon fishes: water versus air-breathing. In: Water/Air Transitions in Biology, (ed.) A.K. Mittal, F.B, Eddy & J.S, Datta Munshi. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, in press.
   Google Scholar
• ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F. & FARIAS, I.P. 1996. Respiration in fish of the Amazon: Metabolic adjustments to chronic hypoxia. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the fishes of the Amazon, (eds) A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val & D.J. Randall. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F., FARIAS, I.P, SILVA, M.N.P., DUNCAN & VAL, A.L. 1995. Biochemical adjustments to hypoxia by Amazon cichlids. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 28: 1257–1265.
   Google Scholar
• ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F. & HOCHACHKA, PW. 1995. Air- breathing fishes: Metabolic biochemistry of the first diving vertebrates. In: Biochemistry and molecular biology of fishes, (ed.) P.W. Hochachka & T. Mommsen. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F., SCHWANTES, M.L.B & VAL, A.L. 1990. LDH isozymes in Amazon fish. I. Electrophoretic studies on two species from Serrasalmidae family: Mylossoma duriventris and Colossoma macropomum. Comp Biochem. Physiol. 95A: 77–84.
   Google Scholar
• ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F. & VAL, A.L. 1990. Adaptado bioquímica em peixes da Amazñnia, Ciencia Hoje. 11: 62–67.
   Google Scholar
• ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F., VAL, A.L- & HOCHACHKA, P.W. 1993. Hypoxia tolerance in Amazon fishes: Status of an under- explored biological ‘goldmine’. In: Surviving Hypoxia: Mechanisms of Control and Adaptation, (ed.) P.W. Hochachka, P.L. Lutz, T. Sick, M. Rosenthal & G. Van den Thillart. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
   Google Scholar
• ARTHUR, P.G., HOGAN, M.C., BEBOUT, D.E., WAGNER, P.D. & HOCHACHKA, P.W. 1992. Modelling the effects of hypoxia on ATP turnover in exercising muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 73: 737–742.
   Google Scholar
• BARTLETT, G.R. 1978. Phosphates in red cells of two South American osteoglossids: Arapaima gigas and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum. Can. J. Zool 56: 878–881.
   Google Scholar
• BÖHLKE, J.E., WEITZMAN, S.H. & MENEZES, N.A. 1978. Estado atual da sistemática dos peixes de água doce da América do Su). Acta Amazónica. 8: 657—677.
   Google Scholar
• BRAUNER, C.J., BALLANTYNE, C.L., RANDALL, D.J. & VAL, A.L. 1995. Air breathing in the armoured catfish (Hoplosternum titiorale) as an adaptation to hypoxic, acid, and hydrogen sulphide rich waters. Can. J. Zoo!. 73: 739–744.
   Google Scholar
• BRUNORI, M., BONAVENTURA, J., FOCESI JR., A., GALDAMES-PORTUS, M.I. & WILSON, M.T. 1979. Separation and characterization of the hemoglobin components of Pterygopiichlhys pardalis, the acaribodo. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A: 173–177.
   Google Scholar
• COX-FERNANDES, C. 1989. Estudo das migracöes laterais de peixes do sistema lago do Rei (llha do Careiro), AM. Brasil. MSc Thesis. PPG INPA/FUA. Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• DALESSIO, P.M., DIMICHELE, L. & POWERS, D.A. 1991. Adrenergic regulation of erythrocyte oxygen affinity, pH, and nucleotide triphosphate/hemoglobin ratio in the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. Physiol. Zool., 64: 1391–1406.
   Google Scholar
• FERNANDES, M.N. 1996. Morpho-functional adaptations of gills in tropical fish. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the fishes of the Amazon, (ed.) A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val & D.J. Randall. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• FINK, W.L. & FINK, S.V. 1979. Central Amazonia and its fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 62A: 13–29.
   Google Scholar
• GONZALEZ, R.J., WOOD, C.M., WILSON, R.W., PATRICK, M.L., BERGMAN, H.L., NARAHARA, A. & VAL, A.L. 1998. Effects of water pH and Ca2+ concentration on ion balance in fish of the Rio Negro. Physiol. Zool. 71(1): 15–22.
   Google Scholar
• GREANEY, G.S. & POWERS, D.A. 1978. Allosteric modifiers of fish hemoglobins: in vitro and in vivo studies of the effect of ambient oxygen arid pH on erythrocyte ATP concentrations. J. Exp. Zool. 203: 339–350.
   Google Scholar
• HOCHACHKA, P.W. 1996. Oxygen sensing and metabolic regulation: Short, intermediate and long term roles. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the fishes of the Amazon, (ed.) A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val & D.J. Randall. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• JENSEN, F.B., NIKINMAA, M. & WEBER, R.E. 1993. Environmental perturbations of oxygen transport in teleost fishes: causes, consequences and compensations. In: Fish Ecophysiology, (ed.) J.C. Rankin & F.B. Jensen. Chapman & Hall, London.
   Google Scholar
• JUNK, W.J., BAYLEY, P.B. & SPARKS, R.E. 1989. The flood pulse concept in River-Floodplain Systems. In: Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium, (ed.) D.P. Dodge. Can. Spec. Puhl. Fish. Aquat. Sei., Canada.
   Google Scholar
• JUNK, W.J., SOARES, M.G. & CARVALHO, F.M. 1983. Distribution of fish species in a lake of the Amazon river floodplain near Manaus (lago Camaleäo), with special reference to extreme oxygen conditions. Amazoniana 7: 397—43 [.
   Google Scholar
• KALININ, A.L., RANTIN, F.T., FERNANDES, M.N. & GLASS, M.L. 1996. Ventilatory flow relative to intrabuccal and intraopercular volumes in two ecologically distinct erythrinids (Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplias lacerdae) exposed to normoxia and graded hypoxia. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Fishes of the Amazon, (ed.) A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val & D.J. Randall. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• KRAMER, D.L. & MCCLURE, M. 1981. The transit cost of aerial respiration in the catfish Corydoras aeneus (Callichthyidae). Physiol. Zool. 54: 189–194.
   Google Scholar
• MARCON, J.L. 1997. Estresse oxidativo em duas espécies de teleósteos amazónicos, Astronotus ocellatuse Colossoma macropomum, expostos a diferentes tensOes de oxigénio: Urna abordagem comparativa. Ph.D. Dissertation. INPA, Manaus. 139 p.
   Google Scholar
• MILSON, W.K. 1993. Afferent inputs regulating ventilation in vertebrates. In: The vertebrate gas transport cascade: Adaptations to environment and mode of life, (ed.) J.E.P.W. Bicudo. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
   Google Scholar
• MILSON, W.K. 1996. Control of breathing in fish: Role of chemoreceplors. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Fishes of the Amazon, (ed.) A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val & D.J. Randall. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• MOURA, M.A.F. 1994. Efeito da anemia, do exercicio físicoe da adrenalina sobreo baijoe eritrocitos de Colossoma macropomum (Pisces). M.Sc. Thesis. PPG INPA/FUA.
   Google Scholar
• MUUSZE, B., MARCON, J., VAN DEN THILLART, G. & A LM F.I DA-VAL, V.M.F. 1998. Hypoxia tolerance of Amazon fish: respiratory and energy metabolism of the cichlid Astronotus ocellatus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol, in press.
   Google Scholar
• NIKINMAA, M. 1990. Vertebrate Red Blood Cells. Adaptations of function to respiratory requirements. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 262 pp.
   Google Scholar
• NIKINMAA, M. 1992. Membrane transport and control of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in nucleated erythrocytes. Physiol. Rev. 72(2): 301–321.
   Google Scholar
• NILSSON, G.E. 1995. Oxygen availability: brain defence mechanisms. In: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes. Environmental and Ecological Biochemistry, (ed.) P.W. Hochachka& T.P. Mommsen. Elsevier Science, Amsterdan.
   Google Scholar
• PEREZ, J.E. 1980. Respiración aereay acuatica en peces de la especie Hoplosternum littorale 11. Afinidad de sus hemoglobinas por el oxigeno. Acta Cient. Venez. 31: 449–155.
   Google Scholar
• PEREZ, J., RYLANDER, K. & N1RCHIO, M. 1995. The evolution of multiple hemoglobins in fishes. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 5: 304–319.
   Google Scholar
• PETERSON, C.G., SCHWANTES. A.R., DE LUCA, P.H. & SCHWANTES, M.L. 1989. Functional properties of the two . major haemoglobin components from Leporinus friderici (Pisces). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 94B: 823–827.
   Google Scholar
• RANDALL, D.J., BURGGREN, W.W., FARRELL, A.P. & HASWELL, M.S. 1981. The evolution of air-breathing vertebrates. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 133 pp.
   Google Scholar
• RANDALL, D.J. & PERRY, S.F. 1992. Catecholamines. In: Fish Physiology, (ed.) W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall & A.P, Farrell, volume X11B. Academic Press, New York.
   Google Scholar
• RANTIN, F.T, & KALININ, A.L. 1996. Cardiorespiratory function and aquatic surface respiration in Colossoma macropomum exposed to graded and acute hypoxia. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Fishes of the Amazon, (ed.) A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val & D.J. Randall. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• RAPP-PY-DANIEL, L.H. & LEÁO, E.L.M. 1989. A colero de peixes do INPA: Base do conhecimento científico sobre a ictiofauna amazónica gerado pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, ln: Bases científicas para estrategias de preservadoe desenvolvimento da Amazonia: Fatose perspectivas, (ed.) A.L. Val. E. Feldberg& R. Fígliuolo. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• ROBERTS, T.R. 1972. Ecology of the fishes in the Amazon and Congo basins. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 143: 117–147.
   Google Scholar
• ROWLEY, A.F., HUNT, T.C., PAGE, M. & MAlWARTNG, G. 1988. Fish. In: Vertebrate red blood cells, (ed.) A.F. Rowley & N.A. Ratcliffe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• SHOUBRJDGE, E.A. & HOCHACHKA, P.W. 1983. The integration and control of metabolism in the anoxic goldfish. Motee. Physiol. 4: 165–195.
   Google Scholar
• VAL, A.L. 1986. Hemoglobinas de Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (Characoidei, Pisces): Aspectos adaptativos (Ilha da Marchamaría, Manaus, AM). Ph.D. Dissertation. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazóniae Universidade do Amazonas, Manaus, AM.
   Google Scholar
• VAL, A.L. 1993. Adaptations of fishes to extreme conditions in fresh waters. In: The vertebrate gas transport cascade. Adaptations to environment and mode of life, (ed.) J.E.P.W. Bicudo. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
   Google Scholar
• VAL, A.L. 1995. Oxygen transfer in fish: morphological and molecular adjustments. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 28: 1119–1127.
   Google Scholar
• VAL, A.L. 1996. Surviving low oxygen levels: Lessons from fishes of the Amazon. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the fishes of the Amazon, (ed.) A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val & D.J. Randall. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• VAL, A.L., AFFONSO, E.G., SOUZA, R.H.S., ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F. & MOURA, M.A.F. 1992. Inositol pentaphosphate in erythrocytes of an Amazonian fish, the pirarucu (Arapaima gigas). Can. J. Zool. 70: 852–855.
   Google Scholar
• VAL, A.L. & ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F. 1995. Fishes of the Amazon and their environments. Physiological and biochemical features. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg.
   Google Scholar
• VAL, A.L., MARCON, J.L., COSTA, O.T.F., BARCELLOS, J.F.M.. MACO GARCIA, I.T. & ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F. 1998. Fishes of the Amazon: Surviving environmental changes. In: Advances in Ichthyology, (ed.) A. Kapoor. New Dehli. In press.
   Google Scholar
• VAL, A.L., MENEZES, G.C. & WOOD, C.M. 1998. Red blood cell adrenergic responses in Amazonian teleosts, J. Fish Biol. 52: 83–93.
   Google Scholar
• VAL, A.L., SCHWANTES, A.R. & ALMEIDA-VAL, V.M.F. 1986. Biological aspects of Amazonian fishes. VI. Hemoglobins and whole blood properties of Semaprochilodus species (Prochilodontidae) at two phases of migration. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 83B: 659–667.
   Google Scholar
• VAN WAVERSVELD, J., ADDINK, A.D.F. & VAN DEN THILLART, G. 1989. Simultaneous direct and indirect calorimetiy on normoxic and anoxic goldfish. J. exp. Biol. 142: 325–335.
   Google Scholar
• WALKER, I. 1998. Prediction of evolution? Somatic plasticity as a basic, physiological condition for the viability of genetic mutations. Acta Biolheorelica, in press.
   Google Scholar
• WALKER, I. & HENDERSON, P.A. 1996. Ecophysiological aspects of Amazonian blackwater litterbank fish communities. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Fishes of the Amazon, (ed.) A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val & D.J. Randall. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• WEBER, R.E. 1996. Hemoglobin adaptations in Amazonian and temperate fish with special reference to hypoxia, allosteric effectors and functional heterogeneity. In: Physiology and Biochemistry of the fishes of the Amazon, (ed.) A.L. Val, V.M.F. Almeida-Val & D.J. Randall. INPA, Manaus.
   Google Scholar
• WEST-EBERHARD, M.J. 1989. Phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 20: 249–278.
   Google Scholar
• WILHELM, D. & WEBER, R.E. 1983. Functional characterization of haemoglobins from South Brazilian freshwater teleosts. I. Multiple haemoglobins from the gut/gill breather, Callichlhys callichthys. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 75A: 475–482.
   Google Scholar
• WOOD, C.M., WILSON, R.W., GONZALEZ, R.J., PATRICK, M.L., BERGMAN, H.L., NARAHARA, A. & VAL, A.L. 1998. Responses of an Amazonian teleost, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) to low pH in extremely soft water. Physiol. Zool. in press.
   Google Scholar