Gossip girls: The power of girls’ gossip in a low-income South African community

References

• Barbour, R. 2007. Doing Focus Groups. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Beersma, B. and G. A. Kleef. 2012. “Why People Gossip: An Empirical Analysis of Social Motives, Antecedents and Consequences.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 42 (11): 2640–2670. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00956.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bless, C., C. Higson-Smith and S. L. Sithole. 2013. Fundamentals of Social Research Methods: An African Perspective. Cape Town: Juta. Fifth edition.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, L. M. and C. Gilligan. 1993. “Meeting at the Crossroads: Women’s Psychology and Girls’ Development.” Feminism & Psychology 3 (1): 11–35. doi: 10.1177/0959353593031002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burchardt, M. 2013. “‘Transparent Sexualities’: Sexual Openness, HIV Disclosure and the Governmentality of Sexuality in South Africa.” Culture, Health and Sexuality 15 (4): 495–508. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2012.744850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, J. 2002. “What Is Critique? An Essay on Foucault’s ‘Virtue’.” http://eipcp.net/transversal/0806/butler/en (accessed 1 May 2017).
   Google Scholar
• Butler, J. 2004. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. 2006. Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz, K. 2008. “Constructionism and the Grounded Theory.” In Handbook of Constructionst Research, edited by J.A. Holstein and J.F. Gubrium, 397–412. New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• De Boeck, F., and A. Honwana. 2005. “Introduction: Children and Youth in Africa.” In Makers & Breakers: Children and Youth in Postcolonial Africa, edited by A. Honwana and F.D. Boeck, 188–214. Oxford: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• Dellasega, C. 2005. Mean Girls Grown Up: Adult Women who are Still Queen Bees, Middle Bees and Afraid-to-bees. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Duffy, M. K., K. L. Scott and J. D. Shaw et al. 2012. “A Social Context Model of Envy and Social Undermining.” Academy of Management Journal 55 (3): 643–666. doi: 10.5465/amj.2009.0804
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunbar, R. I. M. 2004. “Gossip in Evolutionary Perspective.” Review of General Psychology 8 (2): 100–110. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckert, P. 1990. “Cooperative Competition in Adolescent ‘Girl Talk’.” Discourse Processes 13 (1): 91–122. doi: 10.1080/01638539009544748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eder, D. 1985. “The Cycle of Popularity: Interpersonal Relations among Female Adolescents.” Sociology of Education 58 (3): 154–165. doi: 10.2307/2112416
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eder, D. and J.L. Enke. 1991. “The Structure of Gossip: Opportunities and Constraints on Collective Expression among Adolescents.” American Sociology Review 56 (4): 494–508. doi: 10.2307/2096270
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, K., and L. Kruger. 2013. “‘She Keeps her Secrets’: A Gendered Analysis of the Impact of Shame on the Non-disclosure of Sexual Violence in One Low-income South African Community.” African Safety Promotion Journal 11 (2): 107–124.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, E.K. 2004. “Research on Gossip: Taxonomy, Methods and Future Directions.” Review of General Psychology 8 (2): 78–99. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.78
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 1980. Power/Knowledge. Brighton: Harvester Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. 1995. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage. Second Edition.
   Google Scholar
• Frosh, S. 1999. The Politics of Psychoanalysis. London: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Frosh, S. 2006. For and against Psychoanalysis. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Frosh, S. 2012. “Psychoanalysis after the Turn: Relationality, Ontology and Ethics.” In Social Research after the Cultural Turn, edited by S. Roseneil and S. Frosh, 56–72. New York: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Frosh, S. and L. Saville-Young. 2008. “Psychoanalytic Approaches to Qualitative Psychology.” In Handbook of Qualitative Research in Psychology, edited by W. Stainton Rogers and C. Willig, 109–126. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Galler, D. 2011. “Inside the Minds of Gossip Girls: A Developmental Perspective on the Social Psychological Phenomena of Gossip.” Biological Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology 13 (1): 16–18.
   Google Scholar
• Ganesh, C. M. 2014. “Delicious Malice: Envy and Gossip in Relational Aggression.” Available from ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Full Text Database (Document ID 1528227).
   Google Scholar
• Gersham, B. 2011. “The Two Sides of Envy.” MPRA Paper, 34168: 1–45.
   Google Scholar
• Gilligan, C., and T. J. Hanmer. 1990. Making Connections: The Relational Worlds of Adolescent Girls at Emma Willard School. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gilligan, J. 2003. “Shame, Guilt and Violence.” Social Research: An International Quarterly 70 (4): 1149–1180.
   Google Scholar
• Gluckman, M. 1963. “Gossip and Scandal.” Current Anthropology 4 (3): 307–316. doi: 10.1086/200378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugen, M. S. and M. Villa. 2006. “Big Brother in Rural Societies: Youths’ Discourses on Gossip.” Norwegian Journal of Geography 60 (3): 209–216.
   Google Scholar
• Havel, V. 1978. “The Power of the Powerless.” http://mrdivis.yolasite.com/resources/Vaclav%20Havel’s%20Power%20of%20the%20Powerless.pdf (accessed 1 May 2017).
   Google Scholar
• Haviland, J. B. 1977. “Gossip as Competition in Zinacantan.” Journal of Communication 27 (1): 186–191. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1977.tb01816.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huffer, L. 2009. Mad for Foucault: Rethinking the Foundations of Queer Theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchby, I. and R. Wooffitt. 2002. Conversation Analysis: Principles, Practices and Applications. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jack, D.C. 1999. Behind the Mask: Destruction and Creativity in Women’s Aggression. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jewkes, R., A. Gevers and C. Pamela et al. 2011. Respect4U. South Africa: Medical Research Council.
   Google Scholar
• Keltner, D., G. A. van Kleef and S. Chen et al. 2008. “A Reciprocal Influence Model of Social Power: Emerging Principles and Lines of Inquiry.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 40 (1): 151–192. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(07)00003-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, M. 1975. “Envy and Gratitude: A Study of Unconscious Sources.” In Envy and Gratitude and Other Works 1946–1963, edited by R. Money-Kyrle, 176–235. New York: Delacorte Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kolwasaki, R. M. 2001. Behaving Badly: Aversive Behaviours in Interpersonal Relationships. Washington: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Kruger, L. 2012. “‘Vrot Kolletjies’: Shame, Silence and Enactment in Psychotherapy with Impoverished Clients.” Psycho-analytic Psychotherapy in South Africa 20 (2): 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Kruger, L. 2014a. “The ‘Slow Violence’ of Poverty: Notes of a Psychoethnographer.” In Cape Winelands, Wealth and Work: Transformations and Social Process in the Dwarsrivier Valley, edited by C.S. van der Waal, 126–153. Durban: UKZN Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kruger, L. 2014b. “The Whales Beneath the Surface: The Muddled Story of Doing Research with Poor Mothers in a Developing Country.” Health Care for Women International. Special Issue: Women and Health in Africa 35 (7-9): 1010–1021. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2014.906441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger, L. in press. “Notebook of a Psycho-ethnographer.” Book manuscript in preparation.
   Google Scholar
• Kruger, L., and M. Lourens. 2013. “Die Subjektiewe Ervaring van Depressie onder Suid-Afrikaanse Vroue in ‘n Lae-inkomste Gemeenskap [The Subjective Experience of Depression amongst South African Women in a Low-income Community].” Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk 49 (2): 248–270.
   Google Scholar
• Kruger, L. and T. M. van der Spuy. 2005. “Obscuring the Pregnant Body: A Feminist Psychodynamic Perspective on Undisclosed Pregnancy.” South African Journal of Psychology 37 (1): 1–24. doi: 10.1177/008124630703700102
   Google Scholar
• Kruger, L., K. van der Straaten and L. Taylor et al. 2014. “The Melancholy of Murderous Mothers: Depression and the Medicalization of Women’s Anger.” Feminism & Psychology 24 (4): 461–478. doi: 10.1177/0959353514539653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuttler, A. F., J. G. Parker and A. M. La Greca. 2002. “Development and Gender Differences in Preadolescents’ Judgement of the Veracity of Gossip.” Journal of Developmental Psychology 48 (2): 105–132.
   Google Scholar
• Litman, J. A., and M. V. Pezzo. 2005. “Personality and Individual Differences in Attitudes Towards Gossip.” Personality and Individual Differences 38 (4): 963–980. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macleod, C. 2003. “Teenage Pregnancy and the Construction of Adolescence: Scientific Literature in South Africa.” Childhood 10 (4): 419–437. doi: 10.1177/0907568203104003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marais, J. 2006. Your Face of Tomorrow 1: Fever and Spear. United Kingdom: Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• McAndrew, F. T., E. K. Bell and C. M. Garcia. 2007. “Who Do We Tell and Whom Do We Tell On? Gossip as a Strategy for Status Enhancement.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 37 (7): 1562–1577. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00227.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, K. L., M. Putallaz and C. L. Grimes et al. 2007. “Girl Talk: Gossip, Friendships and Sociometric Status.” Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 53 (3): 381–411. doi: 10.1353/mpq.2007.0017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, K. and L. Kruger. 2015. “The Subjective Experience and Understanding of ‘Depression’ of One Group of South African Low-income Adolescent Girls.” Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk 51 (2): 174–191. doi: 10.15270/51-2-441
   Google Scholar
• Newman, J. L., D. R. Fuqua, and E. A. Gray et al. 2006. “Gender Differences in the Relationship of Anger and Depression in a Clinical Sample.” Journal of Counseling and Development 84 (2): 157–162. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2006.tb00391.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paine, R. 1967. “What is Gossip About? An Alternative Hypothesis.” Man 2 (2): 278–285. doi: 10.2307/2799493
   Google Scholar
• Paolilli, A.L. 2011. “Altriusm, Selfishness and Social Cohesion.” Sociology Mind 1 (4): 145–150. doi: 10.4236/sm.2011.14018
   Google Scholar
• Pfigu, T., C. Gabriel and K. van der Waal. 2014. “Patrolling Respectability: Neighbourhood Watches as a Form of Community Policing.” In Cape Winelands, Wealth and Work: Transformations and Social Process in the Dwarsrivier Valley, edited by C.S. van der Waal, 174–196. Durban: UKZN Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, F.C. 2010. Raw Life, New Hope: Decency, Housing and Everyday Life in a Post-apartheid Community. Cape Town: UCT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schoon, A. 2012. “Dragging Young People Down the Drain: The Mobile Phone, Gossip Mobile Website Outoilet and the Creation of a Mobile Ghetto.” Critical Arts: South-North Cultural and Media Studies 26 (5): 690–706. doi: 10.1080/02560046.2012.744723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz, M.R. 1975. “The Semantic Derogation of Women.” In Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance, edited by B. Thorne and N. Henley, 64–75. Rowley, MA: Newbury.
   Google Scholar
• Sheridan, A. 1980. Michel Foucault. The Will to Truth. London: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M., S. van Wyk and L. Alkana. 2013. “Adolescent Girls’ Experience of Termination in a Community-based Intervention.” The Social Work Practitioner-Researcher 25 (2): 120–135.
   Google Scholar
• Smits, D.J.M., P. de Boeck and K. Vansteelandt. 2004. “The Inhibition of Verbally Aggressive Behaviour.” European Journal of Personality 18 (7): 537–555. doi: 10.1002/per.529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton, J. 1995. “Bitches and Skankly Hobags: The Place of Women in Contemporary Slang.” In Gender Articulated: Language and the Socially Constructed Self, edited by K. Hall and M. Bucholz, 279–296. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Swartz, L., K. Gibson and T. G. Richter et al. 2002. Reflective Practice: Psychodynamic Ideas in the Community. Cape Town: HSRC.
   Google Scholar
• Turgo, N. 2013. “Here, We Don’t Just Trade Goods, We Also ‘Sell’ People’s Lives: Sari-sari Stores as Nodes of Partial Surveillance in a Philippine Fishing Community.” Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 34 (3): 373–389. doi: 10.1111/sjtg.12033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Merwe, G. S.. 2005. “Skinder as Gespreksgenre” [Gossip as Conversational Genre]. Literator 26 (1): 117–136.
   Google Scholar
• Van Niekerk, J. 2008. “The Virtue of Gossip.” South African Journal of Philosophy 27 (4): 400–412. doi: 10.4314/sajpem.v27i4.31527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddington, K., and G. Michelson. 2007. “Talk, Power and Organisational Change.” http://wms.ac.nz/ejrot/cmsconference/2007/proceedings/talkpowerandorganisation al/waddington.pdf (accessed 1 May 2017).
   Google Scholar
• Way, N. 1998. Everyday Courage: The Lives and Stories of Urban Teenagers. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wert, S. and P. Salovey. 2004. “A Social Comparison Account of Gossip.” Review of General Psychology 8 (2): 122–137. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westen, D., C. M. Novotny and H. Thompson-Brenner. 2004. “The Empirical Status of Empirically Supported Psychotherapies: Assumptions, Findings and Reporting in Controlled Clinical Trials.” Psychological Bulletin 130 (4): 631–663.
   Google Scholar
• Whyte, Z. 2011. “Enter the Myopticon: Uncertain Surveillance in the Danish Asylum System.” Anthropology Today 27 (3): 18–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8322.2011.00808.x
   Google Scholar
• Yalom, I. D. and M. Leszcz. 2005. The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar