Phytophtho citophthro trunk and branch canker on Clementine mandarins in the Western Cape province of South Africa

References

• Alvarez, L.A., Vicent, A., De La Rosa, E., BascÓN, J., Abad-Campos, P., Armengol, J., & GarcÍA-JIMÉNEZ, J., 2008. Branch cankers on citrus trees in Spain caused by Phytophthora citrophthora. Plant Pathology 57, 84–91.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez, L.A., Gramaje, D., Abad-Campos, P. & GarcÍA-JimÉNez, J., 2009. Role Of Helix Aspersa snail as a vector of Phytophthora citrophthora causing branch cankers on Clementine trees in Spain. Plant Pathology 58, 956–963.
   Google Scholar
• Anonymous, 2007. Key Industry Statistics. Citrus Growers’ Association Of Southern Africa. 47 P.
   Google Scholar
• Blair, J.E., Coffey, M.D., Park, S., Geiser, D.M. & Kang, S., 2008. A Multi-Locus Phylogeny For Phytophthora utilizing markers derived from complete genome sequences. Fungal Genetics and Biology 45, 266–277.
   Google Scholar
• Dereeper, A., Guignon, V., Blanc, G., Audic, S., Buffet, S., Chevenet, F. Dufayard, J.F., Guindon, S., Lefort V., LECOT, M., CLAVERIE, J.M. & GACUEL, O., 2008. Phylogeny: robust phylogenetic analysis for the non-specialist. nucleic Acids Research Jul; 36 (web server issue): W 465–9.
   Google Scholar
• Erwin, D.C., & Ribeiro, O.K., 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. St. Paul, Mn, Usa: Aps Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fawcett, H.S., 1936. Citrus Diseases And Their Control. New York, Usa: Mcgraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Gallegly, M.E. & Hong, C., 2008. Phytophthora. Identifying Species By Morphology And Dna Fingerprints. APS Press, St-Paul, MN, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Gascuel, O., 1997. Bionj: An Improved Version Of The Nj Algorithm Based On A Simple Model Of Sequence Data. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14, 685–695.
   Google Scholar
• Graham, J.H. & Menge, J.A., 1999. Root Diseases. P. 126–135. In: L.W. Timmer & L.W. Duncan (Eds.). Citrus Health Management. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Graham, J.H. & Menge, J.A., 2000. Phytophthora-Induced Diseases, P. 12–15. In: L.W. Timmer, S.M. Garnsey & J.H. Graham (eds.). Compendium of citrus diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, G.R. & Alexander, A.F., 1973. Citrus Leaf Pieces As Traps For Phytophthora Parasitica From Soil slurries. Phytopathology 63, 540–541.
   Google Scholar
• Hough, A., Mulder, N.J. & La Grange, J.M., 1979. Heat Treatment For The Control Of Phytophthora Gummosis In citrus. Plant Dis. Rep. 63, 40–43.
   Google Scholar
• Kannwischer, M.E. & Mitchell, D.J., 1978. The Influence Of A Fungicide On The Epidemiology Of Black Shank Of tobacco. Phytopathology 68, 1760–1765.
   Google Scholar
• Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyara, T., 2002. Mafft: A Novel Method For Rapid Multiple Sequence Alignment based on fast Fourier transform. +ucleic Acids Research 30, 3059–3066.
   Google Scholar
• Klotz, L.J. & Calavan, E.C., 1969. Gum Diseases Of Citrus In California. Californian Agricultural Experimental Station Extention Service Circular no. 396, 26 p.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, J.P., 1960. Fungi And Nematodes In South African Citrus Orchard Soils In Relation To The Replant Problem. Soil Sc. Soc. Am. Proc. 24, 469–472.
   Google Scholar
• Masago, H., Yoshikawa, M., Fukada, M. & Nakanishi, N., 1977. Selective Inhibition Of Pythium Spp. On a medium for direct isolation of Phytophthora spp. from soils and plants. Phytopathology 67, 425–428.
   Google Scholar
• Matheron, M.E., Porchas, M. & Matjeka, J.C., 1997. Distribution And Seasonal Population Dynamics Of Phytophthora citrophthora and P. parasitica in Arizona citrus orchards and effect of fungicides on tree health. Plant Dis. 81, 1384–1390.
   Google Scholar
• Mchau, G.R.A. & Coffey, M.D., 1994. An Integrated Study Of Morphological And Isozyme Patterns Found Within a worldwide collection of Phytophthora citrophthora and a redescription of the species. Mycological Research 98, 1291–1299.
   Google Scholar
• Menge, J.A. & Nemec, S., 1997. P. 185–227. In: Soilborne Diseases Of Tropical Crops. Oxon, Cab.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, H.C., 1930. The Culture Of The Orange And Allied Fruits. South African Agricultural Series No. 8, Central News Agency, Ltd, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Ricci, P., Pope-De-Vallavieille, C., PanabiÈRes, F., Marais, A. & Auge, G., 1990. Characterization Of the Phytophthora spp. attacking citrus. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 20, 19–28.
   Google Scholar
• Schutte, G.C., 2007. Evaluation Of Spray Programmes For The Control Of Phytophthora Citrophthora On Clementines in the Western Cape, p. 346–354. In: CRI Annual Research Report for 2006.
   Google Scholar
• VerniÈRe, C., Cohen, S., Raffanel, B., Dubois, A., Venard, P. & PanabiÈRes, F., 2004. Variability in pathogenicity among Phytophthora spp. isolated from citrus trees in Corsica. J. Phytopathology 152, 476–483.
   Google Scholar
• Waterhouse, G.M., 1963. Key To The Species Of Phytophthora De Bary. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK. Mycological Papers 92, 22 p.
   Google Scholar
• Wehner, F.C., Combrink, H. & KotzÉ, J.M., 1986. Root Pathogens In South African Citrus Nurseries. Phytophylactica 19, 107–108.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteside, J.O., 1971. Some Factors Affecting The Occurrence And Development Of Foot Rot On Citrus Trees. Phytopathology 61, 1233–1238.
   Google Scholar
• White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J., 1990. Amplification And Direct Sequencing Of Fungal Ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. p. 315–322. In: M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky & T.J. White (eds.). PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, Inc. San Diego, USA.
   Google Scholar