Challenging the hegemony of English in African education and literature: The case of Zimbabwe

References

• Barker C. 2008. Cultural studies: Theory and practice (3rd edn.).London: Sage Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Brock-Utne B. 2005. The continued battle over Kiswahili as the medium of instruction in Tanzania. In: Brock-Utne B, Hopson RK (eds), Educational language contents and issues in postcolonial Africa. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. pp 51–87.
   Google Scholar
• Chimhundu H. 2001. Indigenous language politics in Africa – ideals and realities: An Anglophone approach, in ZIBF INDABA 200. pp 17–29.
   Google Scholar
• Chinweizu OJ. 1987. The West and the rest of us: White predators, black slaves and the African elite. Nairobi: East African Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Chiwome EM. 2000. Introduction. In: Chiwome EM, Mguni Z, Furusa M (eds), Indigenous knowledge and technology in African and Diasporan communities: Multi-disciplinary approaches. Harare: Mond Press. pp vi–xxiii.
   Google Scholar
• Chiwome EM, Gambahaya Z. 1998. Myths about development: Re-colonization or self-delusion? In: Chiwome EM, Gambahaya Z (eds), Culture and development: Perspectives from the South. Harare: Mond Press. pp 99–108.
   Google Scholar
• Chiwome EM, Thondlana J. 1992. A survey concerning attitudes on the teaching of Shona through the media of Shona and English. In: Herbert RK (ed.), Language and society. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press. pp 92–104.
   Google Scholar
• Crystal D. 2003. English as a global language (2nd edn). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Doke C. 2005. The unification of the Shona dialects: A photographic reprint with an introduction by Herbert Chimhundu. Oslo. The ALLEX Project.
   Google Scholar
• Flint C. 2006. Introduction to geopolitics. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Harford C. 2011. English and the distinctly African university: The best of both worlds? Keynote speech presented at the Department of English's 6th International Conference, Gaborone, Botswana. 1-3 June 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Ives P. 2009. Hegemony and education: Lessons from Gramsci. In: The Philosophy of Education Society of Australia (ed.), Educational philosophy and theory, Vol. 41. No. 6. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. pp 661–683.
   Google Scholar
• Kachiru B. 1990. The alchemy of English: The spread, functions, and models of non-native Englishes – Illini Books Edition. Chicago: University of Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Magwa W. 2008. Facing challenges of mother tongue-medium education. In: Mutasa DE, Ogutu EE (eds), Teaching and administering in African Languages: A road map to African renaissance. Pretoria: Simba Guru Publishers. pp 112–133.
   Google Scholar
• Makalela L. 2005. We speak eleven tongues: Reconstructing multilingualism in South Africa. In: Brock-Utne B, Hopson RK (eds), Educational language contents and issues in postcolonial Africa. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. pp 146–173.
   Google Scholar
• Makuvaza N. 1996. Educatedness in the African context: The case for education for hunhuism/ubuntuism in Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe Bulletin of Teacher Education 2:44–58. Harare: University of Zimbabwe.
   Google Scholar
• Mazrui AA. 1978. Political values and the educated class in Africa. London: Heinemann.
   Google Scholar
• Mazrui AA. 2000. Indigenized approaches to globalization: Fundamental to Africa's development. The Herald 6 January 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Mazrui AA, Mazrui AM. 1998. The power of Babel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mutasa DE. 2006. African languages in the 21st century: The main challenges. In Mutasa DE (ed.), African languages in the 21st century: The main challenges. Pretoria: Simba Guru Publishers. pp 60–93.
   Google Scholar
• Nziramasanga CT. 1999. Report of the Presidential Commission of Inquiry into Education and Training. Harare: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• Phillipson R. 2012. Linguistic imperialism: Revised edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Roy-Campbell ZM. 2001. Empowerment through language: The African experience Tanzania and beyond. Asmara: Africa World Press.
   Google Scholar
• Short JR, Kim Y. 1999. Globalization and the city. Edinburgh: Pearson Educational Books.
   Google Scholar
• Simala IK. 2001. African linguistic nationalism and the discourse of globalization. In: Aseefa T, Rugumamu SM, Ahmed GM (eds), Globalization, democracy and development in Africa: Challenges and perspectives. Addis Ababa: OSSREA. pp 309–325.
   Google Scholar
• wa Thiong'o N. 1990. Moving the centre: The struggle for cultural freedoms. London: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• wa Tiong'o N. 1998. Penpoints, gunpoints and dreams: Towards a critical theory of the arts and the state in Africa. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wright S. 2004. Language policy and language planning: from nationalism to globalization. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar