References
- Canagarajah S. 2008. Language shift and the family: questions from the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora. Journal of Sociolinguistics 12(2): 143–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2008.00361.x
- Curdt-Christiansen XL. 2016. Conflicting language ideologies and contradictory language practices in Singaporean multilingual families. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 37(7): 694–709. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2015.1127926
- De Houwer A. 2009. Bilingual first language acquisition. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847691507
- De Houwer A. 2015. Harmonious bilingual development: young families’ well-being in language contact situations. The International Journal of Bilingualism 19 (2): 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006913489202
- Duff PA. 1995. An ethnography of communication in immersion classrooms in Hungary. TESOL Quarterly 29 (3): 505–537. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588073
- Duff P. 2008. Language socialisation, higher education, and work. In: Duff P, Hornberger N (eds), Encyclopedia of language and education, volume 8: Language socialisation. New york: Springer. pp 257–270.
- Duff PA. 2010. Language socialisation. In: Hornberger NH, McKay SL (eds), Sociolinguistics and language Education. Channel View Publications. pp 427–452.
- Fishman JA. 1991. Reversing language shift: theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Fogle LW, King KA. 2013.Child agency and language policy in transnational families. Issues in Applied Linguistics 19: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.5070/L4190005288
- Government of Zimbabwe. 2013. Constitution of Zimbabwe, Amendment (No. 20) http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/component/k2/download/1290_da9279a81557040d
- Hua Z, Wei L. 2016. Transnational experience, aspiration and family language policy. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 37(7): 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2015.1127928
- Kayam O, Hirsch T. 2014. Socialisation of language through family language policy: a case study. Psychology of Language and Communication 18(1): 53–66. https://doi.org/10.2478/plc-2014-0004
- Kheirkhah M. 2016. From family language practices to family language policies: children as socialising agents. PhD thesis, Linköping University, Sweden. https://doi.org/10.3384/diss.diva-126178
- King KA, Fogle L, Logan-Terry A. 2008. Family Language Policy. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5): 907–922. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00076.x
- Lanza E. 2007.Multilingualism and the family. In: Wei L, Auer P (eds), The handbook of multilingualism and multilingual communication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp 45–68.
- Lee JS, Bucholtz M. 2015. Language socialisation across learning spaces. In: Markee N (ed), The handbook of classroom discourse and interaction. John Wiley and Sons Inc. pp 319–336.
- Luykx A. 2005. Children as socializing agents: family language policy in situations of language shift. In: Cohen J, McAlister KT, Rolstad K, MacSwan J (eds), Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on bilingualism. Somerville: Cascadilla Press. pp 1407–1414.
- Macalister J, Mirvahedi SH (eds). 2017. Beginnings. In: Family language policies in a multilingual world: opportunities, challenges and consequences. New York: Taylor and Francis. pp 1–10.
- Maseko B, Dhlamini N, Ncube B. 2017. Socialisation into language shift: an analysis of language choices and practices among the Zimbabwean San in Tsholotsho. In: Ralarala MK, Barris K, Ivala E, Siyepu S (eds), African languages and language practice research in the 21st century: interdisciplinary themes and perspectives. Cape Town: CASAS. pp 115–130.
- Maseko B, Mutasa D. 2018. The influence of Kalanga parents’ language ideologies on children’s language practices. Language Matters (Pretoria) 49(3): 47–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2018.1496132
- Maseko B, Mutasa DE. 2019. ‘Only Tonga spoken here! ‘Family language management among the Tonga in Zimbabwe. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 37(4): 289–302. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2019.1692676
- Ncube G, Siziba G. 2017. Compelled to perform in the ‘oppressor’s’ language? Ndebele performing artists and Zimbabwe’s Shona-centric habitus. Journal of Southern African Studies 43(4): 825–836. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2017.1313609
- Ndhlovu F. 2009. The politics of language and nation building in Zimbabwe. Bern: Peter Lang Ag International Academic Publishers.
- Ndlovu E. 2014. Mother tongue education in marginalised local languages of Zimbabwe: the success story of Tonga. In: Muwati I, Mberi NE, Chabata E, Nkolola-Wakumelo M (eds), Resuscitating Zimbabwe’s endangered languages. Harare: Africa Institute for Culture, Peace, Dialogue and Tolerance Studies. pp 344–365.
- Nkomo D, Maseko B. 2017. Sixteen officially recognised languages: milestones and challenges for linguistic democracy in Zimbabwe. In: Ralarala MK, Barris K, Ivala E, Siyepu S (eds), African languages and language practice research in the 21st century: interdisciplinary themes and perspectives. Cape Town: CASAS. pp 241–259.
- Nyota S. 2015. Language shift among the Tonga of Mkoka? Assessing ethnolinguistic vitality in gokwe south. South African Journal of African Languages 35(2): 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2015.1113010
- Ochs E, Schieffelin BB (eds). 2011. The theory of language socialisation. In: The handbook of language socialisation. Blackwell Publishers. pp 1–21.
- Pérez Báez G. 2013. Family language policy, transnationalism and the diaspora community of San Lucas Quiavini of Oaxaca, Mexico. Language Policy 12(1): 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-012-9270-7
- Ren L, Hu G. 2013. Prolepsis, syncretism, and synergy in early language and literacy practices: a case study of family language policy in Singapore. Language Policy 12(1): 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-012-9260-9
- Said F, Zhu H. 2019. “No, no Maama! Say ‘Shaatir ya Ouledee Shaatir’!” Children’s agency in language use and socialisation. International Journal of Bilingualism 23(3): 771–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006916684919
- Schieffelin B, Ochs E. 1986. Language socialisation. Annual Review of Anthropology 15: 163–191. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.15.100186.001115
- Schwartz M, Verschik A. 2013. Achieving success in family language policy: parents, children and educators in interaction. In: Schwartz M, Verschik A (eds), Successful family language policy: parents, children and educators in interaction. Multilingual Education 7. pp 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7753-8_1
- Schwartz M. 2008. Exploring the relationship between family language policy and heritage language knowledge among second generation russian-Jewish immigrants in Israel. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 29(5): 400–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434630802147916
- Seals CA. 2018. Positive and negative identity practices in heritage language education. International Journal of Multilingualism 15(2): 329–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2017.1306065
- Slavkov N. 2017. Family language policy and school language choice: pathways to bilingualism and multilingualism in a Canadian context. International Journal of Multilingualism 14(4): 378–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2016.1229319
- Spolsky B. 2004. Language policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Spolsky B. 2009. Language management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626470
- Yazan B, Ali I. 2018. Family language polices in a Libyan immigrant family in the U.S. Heritage Language Journal 15(3): 369–387. https://doi.org/10.46538/hlj.15.3.5