Reasoning matters: Transrational traits of healing in competing medical epistemes in Botswana

References

• Amanze, J. N. 2008. “Christianity and Ancestor Veneration in Botswana.” Studies in World Christianity 9(1): 43–59. doi:10.3366/swc.2003.9.1.43
   Google Scholar
• Antonovsky, A. 1996. “The salutogenic model as a theory to guide health promotion.” Health Promotion International 11(1): 11–18. doi:10.1093/heapro/11.1.11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audi, R. 2004. “Theoretical rationality: Its sources, structure and scope.” In: The Oxford handbook of rationality, edited by A. R. Mele and P. Rawling, 17–44. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barcan, R. 2010. “Spiritual boundary work: How spiritual healers and medical clairvoyants negotiate the sacred.” In: Medicine, Religion, and the Body, edited by E. B. Coleman and K. White, 129–146. Leiden: Brill.
   Google Scholar
• Bar-On, A. 2015. “Indigenous knowledge: Ends or means?” International Social Work 58(6): 780–789. doi:10.1177/0020872813508574
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewey, J. 1929. Experience and nature. London: Allen & Unwin. doi:10.1037/13377-000
   Google Scholar
• Engel, G. L. 1977. “The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine.” Science 196 (4286): 129–136. doi:10.1126/science.847460.PMID:847460 doi: 10.1126/science.847460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (1963) 2003. The Birth of the Clinic. An Archaeology of Medical Perception. New York: Vintage Books.
   Google Scholar
• Harman, G. 2004. “Practical aspects of theoretical reasoning.” In: The Oxford handbook of rationality, edited by A. R. Mele and P. Rawling, 45–56. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hedberg, I. and F. Staugard. 1989. Traditional Medicine in Botswana: Traditional Medicinal Plants. Gaborone: Ipelegeng Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Ingstad, B. 1990. “The Cultural Construction of AIDS and Its Consequences for Prevention in Botswana.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 4(1): 28–40. doi:10.1525/maq.1990.4.1.02a00030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Last, M. 1986. “The professionalisation of African medicine: Ambiguities and definitions.” In: The professionalisation of African medicine, edited by L. Murray and G. L. Chavunduka, 1–19. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Larson, T. J. 1971. “The spirits of the Ancestors and the Mandengure Ceremony of the Hambukushu of Ngamiland.” Anthropos 66(1/2): 52–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malibabo, B. 2006. “Die Bantu-Philosophie von Tempels aus afrikanischer Perspektive.” Afrikanistik online, http://www.afrikanistik-online.de/archiv/2006/268/
   Google Scholar
• Metz, T., and J. B. R. Gaie. 2010. “The African ethic of Ubuntu/Botho: Implications for research on morality.” Journal of Moral Education 39(3): 273–290. doi:10.1080/03057240.2010.497609
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mmualefhe, D. O. 2007. “Botho and HIV & AIDS: A theological reflection.” In: The concept of botho and HIV & AIDS in Botswana, edited by J. B. R. Gaie and S. K. Mmolai, 1–27. Eldoret: Zapf Chancery.
   Google Scholar
• Mol, A. 2002. The Body multiple: ontology in medical practice. Durham: Duke University Press. doi:10.1215/9780822384151
   Google Scholar
• Naraindas, H., J. Quack, and W. S. Sax. 2014. “Entangled Epistemes.” In: Asymmetrical conversations. Contestations, circumventions, and the blurring of therapeutic boundaries, edited by H. Naraindas, J. Quack, and W. S. Sax, 1–25. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Pauls, H. 2013. “Das biopsychosoziale Modell – Herkunft und Aktualität.” Resonanzen 1: 15–31.
   Google Scholar
• Peirce, C. S. 1931. “The collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce.” In: Pragmatism and Pragmaticism: Lectures on Pragmatism. The electronic edition /reproducing Vols. I–VIII. InteLex.
   Google Scholar
• Schütt, H. P. 2011. “Einleitung: Rationalität – was sonst?” In: Rationalität und Irrationalität in den Wissenschaften, edited by U. Arnswald and H. P. Schütt, 11–16. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-531-93347-4_1
   Google Scholar
• Spohn, W. 2011. “Die vielen Facetten der Rationalitätstheorie.” In: Rationalität und Irrationalität in den Wissenschaften, edited by U. Arnswald and H. P. Schütt, 138–159. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-531-93347-4_7
   Google Scholar
• Stambach, A. 1999. “The Rationality Debate Revisited.” Revista de Antropologia 28: 341–351.
   Google Scholar
• Staugard, F. 1986. “Traditional Health Care in Botswana.” In: The professionalisation of African medicine, edited by L. Murray and G. L. Chavunduka, 51–86. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tabalaka, A. B. 2007. “The Significance of Cultural and Religious Understanding in the Fight against HIV & AIDS in Botswana.” In: The concept of botho and HIV & AIDS in Botswana, edited by J. B. R. Gaie and S. K. Mmolai, 61–70. Eldoret: Zapf Chancery.
   Google Scholar
• Thornton, R. 2009. “The Transmission of Knowledge in South African Traditional Healing.” Africa 79(01): 17–34. doi:10.3366/E0001972008000582
   Google Scholar
• Thornton, R. 2015. “Magical Empiricism and ‘Exposed Being’ in Medicine and Traditional Healing.” Medical Anthropology 34(4): 353–370. doi:10.1080/01459740.2015.1031225. PMID:25806659. doi: 10.1080/01459740.2015.1031225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulin, P. R. 1975. “The Traditional Healer of Botswana in a Changing Society.” Botswana Notes and Records 7: 95–102.
   Google Scholar
• van Binsbergen, W. 1995. “Four-Tablet Divination as Trans-Regional Medical Technology in Southern Africa.” Journal of Religion in Africa 25(2): 114–140. doi: 10.2307/1581270 doi: 10.1163/157006695X00164
   Google Scholar
• van Binsbergen, W. 2005. “‘We are in this for the money’: Commodification and the Sangoma Cult of Southern Africa.” In: Commodification. Things, agency, and identities: The social life of things revisited, edited by W. van Binsbergen and P. Geschiere, 319–348. Münster: LIT.
   Google Scholar
• van der Pompe, G., M. Antoni, A. Visser, and B. Garssen. 1996. “Adjustment to breast cancer: The psychobiological effects of psychosocial interventions.” Patient Education and Counseling 28(2): 209–219. doi:10.1016/0738-3991(96)00895-6. PMID:8852096 doi: 10.1016/0738-3991(96)00895-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (World Health Organisation). 2002. WHO traditional medicine strategy 2002–2005. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/who_edm_trm_2002.1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wojtyna, E., J. Życińska, and P. Stawiarska. 2007. “The influence of cognitive-behaviour therapy on quality of life and self-esteem in women suffering from breast cancer.” Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy : Journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology 12(2): 109–117. doi:10.1016/S1507-1367(10)60047-8
   Google Scholar
• Wiredu, K. 2004. A companion to African philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Wulff, H. R., and P. C. Gøtzsche. 1999. Rational diagnosis and treatment. Evidence-based clinical decision-making. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
   Google Scholar