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ARTICLES

The Lesotho Liberation Army (LLA): Formation, Mission and Schisms

Pages 266-277 | Published online: 14 Jan 2009

References

  • 1966 . 6 Mohlabani, 11, 13 (27 Aug.
  • McCartney , W. J.A. 1973 . 485 ‘The Lesotho General Elections of 1970’, Government and Opposition
  • Stiff , P. 1999 . The Silent War: South African Recce Operations 1969–1994 410 Alberton
  • Pherudi , M. L. 1996 . 89 – 90 . ‘The Mountain Kingdom of Lesotho: A Community in Political Crisis, 1965–1986’ (MA thesis, University of the Orange Free State
  • Breytenbach , W. 1980 . The Constellation States: A Consideration Johannesburg (60;F.K. Makoa, ‘The Military Kingdom: A Case for Restructuring the System of Government in Lesotho in the 1990s’, South Africa after Apartheid (Harare, 1991), 175
  • Pherudi . ‘Mountain Kingdom’, 95
  • Total National Strategy is a comprehensive plan to utilise all the means available to a state according to an integrated pattern in order to achieve the national aims within the framework of the specific policies. A total national strategy is therefore not confined to a particular sphere, but is applicable to all levels and to all functions of the state structure, including bringing policy changes in the neighbouring countries
  • de Kock , E. 1998 . A Long Night's Damage: Working for the Apartheid State 89 Saxonwold
  • Vlakplaas (‘farm on the plain’) is a 44-hectare farm near Pretoria, seven kilometres from Erasmia on Schurweberg Road. It was bought by the SAP in about 1981. Its purpose at that stage was ostensibly as a place to rehabilitate ‘termed terrorists’ or as they were called, ‘askaris’. The askaris were eventually divided into units and supervised by white security police, to operate covert activities, and that transformed Vlakplaas into a counter-insurgency unit. The units responded to requests that were channelled to them via the head of Section C or via Branch Commander. Commanders of Vlakplaas were Col. J.J. Victor (founder of the unit);Capt. D. Coetzee (1980-81);Capt. J.C. Coetzee (1982);Col. J. Cronje (1983-85, later a brigadier);and Col. E. de Kock (1985-1993)
  • Alden , C. 1996 . Apartheid's Last Stand: The Rise and Fall of the South African Security State 42 London
  • Harberson , J. H. and Rothchild , D. 1991 . Africa in World Politics 105 San Francisco
  • Pherudi . ‘Mountain Kingdom’, 96
  • Naidoo , P. 1992 . Le rona re batho: An Account of the 1982 Maseru Massacre 5 Maseru
  • 1998 . 343 Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report, vol. 3 (Cape Town
  • Stiff , P. unpublished research material on the collaboration between the LLA and the South African government, Alberton
  • 1981 . The Star, 12 Oct., p. 10
  • 1981 . Rand Daily Mail, 11 Nov., p. 10
  • Masamela , J. was a Vlakplaas operative and a self-confessed assassin
  • 1996 . Human Rights Report 27 Human Rights Committee, (Braamfontein, Dec.
  • 1981 . The Citizen, 30 Nov., p. 1;‘The Hidden Hand-Cover Operatives in South Africa’ (Papers at a Conference on Covert Operations in South Africa, Pretoria, Nov. 1993), 180
  • 1996 . City Press, 8 Dec., p. 2
  • 1998 . 96 Truth and Reconciliation Commission Report, vol. 2 (Cape Town
  • Ibid.
  • Stiff, The Silent War, 411
  • Ibid.
  • 1998 . The Sun 6 – 8 . (Maseru), 1, 7 (13 Feb., Likhohlong LLA, Phatlalatso e ikhethileng, 2, 4 (Morija Museum and Archieves, May-June 1984), 18–19
  • Stiff, unpublished research material
  • 1988 . 1 Moeletsi oa Basotho, 56, 2728 (2 Sep.
  • Pherudi . ‘Mountain Kingdom’, 65
  • 1988 . 1 The Mirror, 10, 10 (30 Sep.
  • 1988 . Sunday Times, 18 Sep., p. 1
  • Mills , T. A. 1988 . ‘Lesotho Police Beat and Stab Hijacker to Death’, The Independent, 17 Sep., p. 1
  • Sejanamane , M. Lesotho in Southern Africa: From an Assertive to Submissive Foreign Policy . Lesotho Law Journal , 4 ( 2 ) (year??), 12–13
  • Legum , C. 1996 . Third World Report , 1 : 3 (Africa Institute of South Africa, Pretoria
  • 1993 . 1 Makatolle, 11, 32 (7 Apr.
  • 1993 . 1 Makatolle, 11, 35 (28 Apr.
  • 1994 . Mo-Africa, 7 Oct., pp. 1–2

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