- Contrary to international usage, in South Africa the term ‘Coloured’ does not refer to black people in general. It instead alludes to a phenotypically diverse group descended largely from Cape slaves, indigenous Khoisan peoples and other black people who had been assimilated into Cape colonial society by the late nineteenth century. Being also partly descended from European settlers, Coloureds are popularly regarded as being of ‘mixed race’ and hold an intermediate status in the South African racial hierarchy, distinct from the historically dominant white minority and the numerically preponderant African population
- 1909 . APO, 24 May;M. Adhikari, Voice of the Coloured Elite: APO 1909–1923’, in: L. Switzer, ed., South Africa's Alternative Press: A Century of Protest and Resistance (Cambridge, 1996), 126 ff
- Ponelis , F. Straatpraatjes: Language, Politics and Popular Culture in Cape Town, 2009–1922 Edited by: Adhikari , M. ‘Codes in Contradiction: The Sociolinguistics of Straatpraatjes’, in, ed., (Pretoria, 1996), 131–2
- 1911 . The APO defined its objectives in its constitution as ‘(a) The promotion of unity between the Coloured races of British South Africa (b) The attainment of better and higher education for the children of these races (c) The registration of the names of all the Coloured men who have the necessary qualifications as Parliamentary voters on the Voters’ List (d) The defence of the social, political and civil rights of the Coloured races (e) The general advancement of the Coloured races in British South Africa'. See APO, 25 Feb.
- Willemse , H. 1992 . 7 “Ons Het Lang Genoeg Gekruip Net Soes Gedierte na die Wit Man”: Enkele Aspekte van Piet Uithalder se Straatpraatjes Rubriek, (APO)—‘n Eerste Verkenning’ (Unpublished Paper, presented at the Taal en Identiteit Konferensie, University of Stellenbosch
- 1909 . APO, 24 May;APO, 19 June 1909
- 1909 . APO, 19 June
- 1911 . APO, 11 Mar.
- 1909 . Abdurahman's relentless opposition to liquor interests derived both from his Muslim background and his knowledge, as medical doctor, of the pernicious effects of alcoholism on the individual and family life. It was accepted within the APO that the authorities encouraged the consumption of alcohol within the Coloured working classes as a means of providing the wine industry with a market for its poorer quality product and keeping Coloureds in subjection. Hence Uithalder's aphorism ‘moenie stem vergoedkoop wijn nie, want het is duurbetaal’. See APO, 11 Sep. Abdurahman represented the Ward Six and the Castle Division constituencies as City Councillor and Member of the Provincial Council respectively
- 1920 . S.A Clarion, 17 Jan.
- Adhikari . Straatpraatjes 182 ff
- 1913 . To my knowledge the identity of Jan Kieser was never revealed. There was, however, speculation that J.H.H. (Jannie) de Waal, journalist, politician and champion of the Afrikaans language, was the author of Parlementse Praatjes, a charge he hotly denied. See De Zuid Afrikaan, 18 Mar.
- Elffers , H. 1908 . The Englishman's Guide to the Speedy and Easy Acquirement of Cape Dutch 5 – 6 . Cape Town
- van der Merwe , C. 1994 . Breaking Barriers: Stereotypes and the Changing of Values in Afrikaans Writing, 1875–1990 22 – 34 . Amsterdam (V. February, Mind your Colour. The Coloured' Stereotype in South African Literature (London, 1981), ch. 1; J. Gerwel, Literatuur en Apartheid: Konsepsies van ‘Gekleurdes’ in die Afrikaanse Roman (Kasselsvlei, 1983)
- It needs to be understood that this argument does not arise from the premise that Coloureds spoke a recognizably different form of Afrikaans because Colouredness was in any way inherent or primordial to people so categorized. Nor does it fail to recognize that there were whites, mostly working class, who spoke in this way or that there were educated Coloureds who spoke in the manner of Jan Kieser. Rather, it asserts that people who identified themselves as Coloured tended to speak Uithalder's variety of Afrikaans and identified it as language typical of their community. This was by and large the result of a shared historical experience and a common socio-economic status. In a society where class and colour coincided to the extend it did in South Africa, this should come as no surprise. These distinctions still pertain today, though to a lesser extent
- For lack of better alternatives and to add some variety to the text, the terms ‘elite’ and ‘petty bourgeoisie’ are used interchangeably to refer to this social group. Though neither an elite nor a petty bourgeoisie in the usual senses of the words, this group was distinguished from the Coloured proleteriat by their literacy, relative affluence and adherence to the norms and values of ‘respectability’. A considerable proportion of the Coloured elite consisted of ‘respectable’, as opposed to ‘rough’ working-class elements. This social group is perhaps best described as an emergent petty bourgeoisie
- 1909 . APO, 3 July;APO, 3 June 1911
- de Kock , W. 1968 . Dictionary of South African Biography 1 – 4 . vol. 1 (Cape Town, E. Maurice, ‘The Development of Policy in Regard to the Education of Coloured Pupils at the Cape, 1880–1940’ (PhD thesis, University of Cape Town, 1966), Appendix E;R. van der Ross, Say it out Loud: The APO Presidential Addresses and Other Major Political Speeches. 1906–1940, of Dr Abdullah Abdurahman (Bellville, 1990), 3–4
- Davids , A. 1993 . 2 ‘Straatpraatjes: An Extension of Slave Afrikaans?’ (Unpublished Paper, Centre for African Studies Library, University of Cape Town
- 1911 . APO, 3 June;APO, 8 Apr. 1911
- 1911 . APO, 8 Apr.
- 1910 . APO, 13 Aug.;APO, 10 Aug. 1912;Maurice, ‘Coloured Education’, 332–4
- 1909 . APO, 20 Nov.;APO, 2 July 1910;APO, 16 July 1910;APO, 3 June 1911;APO, 17 June 1911
- 1910 . APO, 13 Aug.
- Adhikari , M. 1909 . Kronos , 20 : 96 – 106 . ‘Protest and Accommodation: Ambiguity in the Racial Politics of the APO, 1923’, (1993, M. Adhikari, ‘Voice of the Coloured Elite’, 128
- Adhikari , M. Let Us Live for Our Children: The Teachers' League of South Africa, 2009–1940 (Cape Town, 1993), 6–7
- 1909 . APO, 18 Dec.;R. van der Ross, ‘A Political and Social History of the Cape Coloured People, 1880–1970’ (Unpublished typescript, Manuscript and Archives Division, University of Cape Town, 1973), 484
- 1910 . APO, 3 Dec.
- Adhikari Teachers League, 6–7, 148 ff
- Ibid, 145, 152–3
- Ibid., 162–3
- 1911 . APO, 4 Nov.;S. Trapido, ‘The Origin and Development of the African Political Organization’, in Institute of Commonwealth Studies Collected Seminar Papers on Southern Africa, 1969–70 (London, 1969–70), 100–1
- The term ‘African’ in this instance was meant to denote the geographical location of the organization and in a vague way to imply international solidarity with black people. At the time Africans were generally referred to as ‘Natives’, or more disparagingly as ‘Kaffirs’, a term often used by the APO.
- 1909 . APO, 24 May
- 1910 . APO, 9 Apr.
- 1909 . APO, 24 May
- 1909 . APO, 24 May;APO, 19 June 1909;APO, 17 June 1911;APO, 10 Oct. 1919
- 1909 . APO, 24 May;APO, 19 June 1909;APO, 17 June 1911;APO, 10 Oct. 1919
- 1909 . APO, 28 Aug.;APO, 12 Feb. 1910;APO, 13 July 1912;APO, 22 Mar. 1913;APO, 21 Sep. 1919
- 1910 . APO, 3 Aug.;18 Nov. 1911
- 1910 . APO, 15 Jan.;29 Jan. 1910;12 Feb. 1910;26 Feb. 1910
- 1909 . APO, 19 June
- 1911 . APO, 17 June
- 1911 . APO, 14 Jan. South African News, 9 Aug. 1905;Trapido, ‘African Political Organization’, 97, 103
- Thompson , L. 1961 . The Unification of South Africa 25 – 26 . London (340–41;APO, 24 May 1909;APO, 17 July 1909;APO, 28 Aug. 1909
- Lewis , G. 1987 . Between the Wire and the Wall: A History of South African Coloured Politics 70 – 74 . Cape Town (R. van der Ross, The Rise and Decline of Apartheid: A Study of Political Movements among the Coloured People of South Africa, 1880–1980 (Cape Town, 1986), 39
- Adhikari . Teachers League 14;Adhikari, ‘Protest and Accommodation’, 97
- 1913 . APO, 8 Mar.
- 1915 . APO, 7 Aug.;Cape Times, 1 Sep. 1914; W. Nasson, ‘The Great Divide: Popular Responses to the Great War in South Africa’, War and Society, 12, 1 (1994), 57–8;Lewis, Between the Wire and the Wall, 85;Adhikari, Straatpraatjes, 139–40
- 1912 . APO, 13 Jan.
- 1922 . APO, 11 Feb.
- 1919 . APO, 12 Nov.;APO, 17 Apr. 1920
- 1919 . APO, 15 Aug.
- 1909 . APO, 24 May;APO, 11 Sep. 1909;APO, 9 Apr. 1910
- 1994 . Die Burger, 3 Aug.
- Willemse , H. 1909 . Die Beeldvorming van Piet Uithalder in die APO (–1922)’, Stilet, 5, 2 (1993), 64
- Pheiffer , R. ‘Straatpraatjes: ‘n Vroeë Voorbeeld van Alternatiewe Afrikaans’, in M. Adhikari, Straatpraatjes, 158–9
- Adhikari . Straatpraatjes 176–81
South African Historical Journal
Volume 47, 2002 - Issue 1