- Smith , D. 1981 . el al., Mugabe Salisbury
- Saul , J. 1977 . Southern Africa 12 – 15 . There were ‘leftist-orientated’ academics who from the outset questioned the revolutionary credentials and ability to bring about radical change both of Mugabe and what they described as his ‘petty bourgeoisie’ ruling elite. Such academics include, ‘Transforming the Struggle in Zimbabwe, 10, 1 (and A. Astrow, Zimbabwe: A Revolution that Lost its Way? (London, 1983). Other academics such as Terence Ranger questioned Saul's assessment of the ZANU leadership and expressed cautious optimism about Mugabe's capacity to bring about substantial transformation in Zimbabwe: T. Ranger, ‘The Changing of the Old Guard: Robert Mugabe and the Revival of ZANU’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 7, 1 (1980), 71–90
- Davidow's article , J. 1982–3 . Foreign Policy , 49 : 93 – 5 . A typical example of such optimism among politicians was, ‘Zimbabwe is a Success’, (Davidow was deputy chief of mission of the United States of America embassy in Zimbabwe from 1979–82
- Smithetal, Mugabe, 209–18
- Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front, led by Mugabe;Zimbabwe African People's Union which, until its merger with ZANU-PF in 1987, was led by Joshua Nkomo
- Eide , L. 1989 . Robert Mugabe 77 – 95 . New York (98–9
- Worth , R. 1990 . Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe New Jersey
- Ranger , T. 1987 . African Affairs The renewed optimism in Mugabe's leadership after the signing of the Unity Accord in is reflected in, ‘Matebeleland since the Amnesty’, 88, 351 (1989), 161–73. An optimistic assessment of the 1987 Unity Agreement is also given by Victor de Waal in The Politics of Reconciliation: Zimbabwe's First Decade (Cape Town, 1990), 96–9. Mugabe's own views on the Unity Accord are contained in his article, ‘The Unity Accord: Its Promise for the Future’, in C.S. Banana, ed., Turmoil and Tenacity: Zimbabwe 1890–1990 (Harare, 1989), 336–59
- Shamuyarira , N. M. , Kumar , N. and Kangai , T. J. 1995 . Mugabe's Reflections: Zimbabwe and the Contemporary World 42 New Delhi
- Ibid, 6–8
- Mugabe , R. G. Our War of Liberation: Speeches, Articles, Interviews 2009–1979 (Gweru, 1983)
- Mugabe , R. G. 2001 . Inside The Third Chimurenga Harare
- Stiff , P. 2000 . Cry Zimbabwe: Independence Twenty Years On Alberton Other books and articles which focus on the Zimbabwean crisis include (T.A.S. Bowyer-Bower and C. Stoneman, eds, Land Reform in Zimbabwe: Constraints and Prospects (Aldershot, 2000);C. Buckle, African Tears: The Zimbabwe Land Invasions (Johannesburg, 2001);G. Hunter, L. Farren and A. Farren, Voices of Zimbabwe: The Pain. The Courage. The Hope (Johannesburg, 2001);and P. Bond and M. Manyanya, Zimbabwe's Plunge: Exhausted Nationalism, Neo-Liberalism and the Search for Social Justice (Pietermaritzburg, 2002). A book which analyses the historical basis and impact of the Zimbabwean crisis is A. Hammar and B. Raftopoulos, eds, Unfinished Business: Rethinking Land, State and Citizenship in Zimbabwe (Harare, 2002). See also N. Kriger, ‘Zimbabwe Today: Hope against Grim Realities’, Review of African Political Economy, 27, 85 (2000);M. Hansungule, ‘Who Owns Land in Zimbabwe? In Africa?’, International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 7, 4 (2000);M. Mbeki, ‘Zimbabwe's Troubles’, South African Journal of International Affairs, 7, 2 (2000);D. Moore, ‘The Alchemy of Robert Mugabe's Alliances’, Africa Insight, 30, 1 (2000);D. Moore, ‘Zimbabwe's Crisis;Reflections on the Aftermath of Empire’, Arena Magazine, 49 (2000);D. Moore, ‘Democracy is Coming to Zimbabwe’, Australian Journal of Political Science, 36, 1 (2001);D. Moore, ‘Is the Land the Economy and the Economy Land? Primitive Accumulation in Zimbabwe’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 19, 2 (2001)
- 1979 . The Past Is Another Country: Rhodesia UDI to Zimbabwe London Meredith's other publications include (and more recently, Coming to Terms: South Africa's Search For Truth (New York, 1999)
- Shamuyarira , N. 1994 . Sally Mugabe—A Woman with a Mission Harare The hagiography of Sally Mugabe by Nathan Shamuyarira and others contains very limited information on Sally Mugabe's private and public life and her relations with her husband: et al.
- Nkomo , J. 1984 . The Story of My Life London Joshua Nkomo's own account of the ‘dissident era’ and his general assessment of Mugabe's personality and motives at that time is contained in his autobiography:
- Stiff . Cry Zimbabwe 103–10, 125–37, 171–9
- The Road to Zimbabwe 2009–1980 See, for instance, Anthony Verrier, (London, 1980), 311, in which the author states that ‘Nkomo's possible involvement in plots to overthrow Mugabe and his Government appear to have a strong South African connection’. Others include D. Martin and P. Johnson, ‘Zimbabwe: Apartheid's Dilemma’, in D. Martin and P. Johnson, eds, Destructive Engagement: Southern Africa at War (Harare, 1986);J. Hanlon, Apartheid's Second Front: South Africa's War against its Neighbours (Harmondsworth, 1986) and more recently J. Dzimba, South Africa's Destabilisation of Zimbabwe, 1980–89 (London, 1988)
- Alexander , J. , McGregor , J. and Ranger , T. 2000 . Violence and Memory: One Hundred Years in the ‘Dark Forests’ of Matebeleland 180 – 277 . Oxford
- Mugabe , G. R. 1980s . Foreign Affairs The Americans in the did not seek to highlight Mugabe's human rights excesses and even gave him a platform to express his views about American foreign policy towards apartheid South Africa. See, for instance, ‘Struggle for Southern Africa’, 66, 2 (1987/8), 311–27. On Zimbabwe's relations with the United States in the colonial and post-colonial period, see A. DeRoche, Black, White and Chrome: The United States and Zimbabwe, 1953–1998 (New Jersey, 2001)
- 2002 . Land-grabbing by senior government and ZANU-PF officials who are close associates of Mugabe has been well documented in the independent Zimbabwean newspaper, The Daily News. See for instance, ‘Chinamasa's Wife Grabs Prime Farm’, Daily News, 20 Sep. and ‘Chiwengas Sued for Grabbing $1bn Farm’, Daily News, 25 Sep. 2002
- See, for instance, R. Palmer, ‘Mugabe's “Land Grab” in Regional Perspective’, in Bowyer-Bower and Stoneman, Land Reform in Zimbabwe, 15–23
- Gutto , O. and Rudebeck , L. , eds. 1992 . When Democracy Makes Sense: Studies in the Democratic Potential of Third World Popular Movements 286 Uppsala S.B., ed.
- Ibid. , 304–5, 285–307.See also S.B.O. Gutto, ‘Political Mobilisation through the Land Question’, Journal of African Marxists, 10 (1987), 43–99;R. Palmer, ‘Land Reform in Zimbabwe, 1980–1990’, African Affairs, 89 (1990), 163–81
- Melber , H. , ed. Zimbabwe's Presidential Elections 2009: Evidence. Lessons and Implications See, for instance, ed., (Uppsala, 2002);G. Feltoe, ‘An Unfair Contest: The Presidential Elections in Zimbabwe’, Zimbabwe Human Rights Bulletin, 6 (2002), 81–94. The dynamics of rural and urban political mobilisation in Zimbabwe prior to the June 2000 and March 2002 presidential elections in Zimbabwe are examined in L. Laakso, ‘When Elections are Just a Formality: Rural-Urban Dynamics in the Dominant Party System in Zimbabwe’, in M. Cowen and L. Laakso eds. Multi-Party Elections in Africa (Oxford, 2002), 325–45. J.M.W. Makumbe and D. Compagnon, Behind the Smokescreen: The Politics of Zimbabwe's 1995 General Elections (Harare, 2000) argues that a combination of manipulation of electoral laws and political violence was employed by ZANU-PF to win parliamentary and presidential elections prior to 2000. See also J.N. Moyo, Voting for Democracy: Electoral Politics in Zimbabwe (Harare, 1992). Moyo, a professor of political science, was one of the most outspoken critics of Mugabe and ZANU-PF but in an extraordinary turnaround later joined Mugabe's government, first as its electoral campaign manager in the June 2000 elections, and later as Information and Publicity Minister. He has spoken and written extensively in support of Robert Mugabe's land reform programme and his harsh treatment of the opposition MDC
- sources , R. and Vermaak , C. 1960s . The Silent War 10 – 18 . Salisbury For discussions of the inter-party political violence among the African nationalists in Zimbabwe in the, see, among other (1971, T. Couzens, ed., Zimbabwe: The Search for Common Ground since 1890 (Lanseria, 1992), 194–5, 210–11;H. Schmidt, ‘The Social and Economic Impact of Political Violence in Zimbabwe, 1890–1990: A Case Study of the Honde Valley’ (PhD thesis, Oxford, 1996). Meredith, Power, Plunder and Tyranny, 28–9, briefly discusses the inter-party political violence of the 1960s among the African nationalists
- 1995 . Rwanda Not So Innocent: When Women Become Killers London This assumption, in the context of African politics, was significantly undermined by the African Rights Report
- The leadership flaws of the MDC are also discussed by P. Molutsi, ‘Beyond the Zimbabwean Mist: Challenges and Prospects for Democracy in Africa’, in Melber, Zimbabwe's Presidential Elections, 79
- Leon , T. 1998 . Hope and Fear: Reflections of a Democrat Johannesburg Tony Leon's detailed views on the role of the opposition in South African politics and on how the ANC should respond can be found in (For scholarly analyses of the role of the opposition in post-apartheid South Africa, see the various articles in Opposition in South Africa's New Democracy: KAS Seminar Report (Johannesburg, 2001)
- The first chapter is simply a collection of direct quotations from various newspapers, relating to Mugabe's policies, apparently selected at random and presented with little analysis
- 2002 . ‘SA's Quiet Diplomacy Has Failed-Mbeki’, Zimbabwe Independent, 9 Aug.
- 2001 . Jaspreet Kindra, ‘We Won't Make the Same Mistake with Zim’, South African Mail & Guardian, 2–8 Mar.
- Johnson , R. W. 2001 . ‘Why Should South Africa Keep this Dictator in Power?’ . Focus , 21 Mar. : 2 – 9 .
- Molutsi , P. ‘Beyond the Zimbabwean Mist: Challenges and Prospects for Democracy in Africa’, in H. Melber, ed., Zimbabwe ‘s Presidential Elections, 76–83;I. Taylor, ‘Zimbabwe's Debacle, Africa's Response and the Implications for the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)’ in H. Melber, ed., Zimbabwe's Presidential Elections, 68–75;T. A. Raheem, ‘Africa's Defence of Mugabe's Opportunism over Land Matches its Tragic Tolerance of Idi Amin's Excesses’, Zimbabwe Daily News, 21 Jan. 2002
- Ankomah , B. 2002 . ‘Zimbabwe: Life after the Election’ . New African , 407 : 26 (May, Ankomah, the Editor of the London-based New African Magazine, has written extensively in defence of Robert Mugabe's land reform programme, so much so that some of his feature articles on the issue were reproduced verbatim by the state-owned newspapers as part of ZANU-PF's electoral campaign
- Nkiwane , T. C. 1998 . The Politics of Opposition in Contemporary Africa Edited by: Olukushi , O. 110 Uppsala ‘Opposition Politics in Zimbabwe: The Struggle Within the Struggle’, in A., ed.
- Duodu , C. 2000 . ‘Give President Bob his Due’, South African . Mail & Guardian , See, 30 June-8 July, and B. Ankomah, ‘Should All These Go as Well?’, New African 404 (February 2002), 28–31
South African Historical Journal
Volume 47, 2002 - Issue 1