- C. Crais, ‘Peires and the Past’, South African Historical Journal, 25 (1991), 240
- Peires , J. B. 1989 . The Dead Will Arise: Nongqawuse and the Great Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement of 1856–7 233 – 4 . Johannesburg See
- Crais, ‘Peires and the Past’, 239
- Kropf , A. and Godfrey , R. 1915 . A Kafir-English Dictionary, , 2nd ed. 212 (Lovedale, p. The most detailed discussion of the River People is E. Bigalke, ‘The Religious System of the Ndlambe of the East London District’ (MA thesis, Rhodes University, 1969), 100–2. Nonkosi, extensively quoted by Crais, was a Ndlambe. Bigalke concludes that the River People are the spirits of old diviners of diverse clans. See also C.C. Olivier, Die Religie van die Gcaleka (Pretoria, 1981), 19–21. Nongqawuse was a Gcaleka. Olivier feels that there are two distinct types of River People. Some of these are ancestors, whereas others have been there since the beginning of time. Those that have been there since the beginning of time have long hair like the whites. They do not communicate with the Gcaleka. The most detailed ethnographer of the Xhosa, J.H. Soga (The Ama-Xosa: Life and Customs (Lovedale, n.d.)), was so unimpressed with the River People that he did not bother to mention them at all
- Nash , M. D. 1982 . Bailie's Party of 1820 Settlers Cape Town L. Bryer and K.S. Hunt, The 1820 Settlers (Cape Town, 1984);J.B. Peires, ‘The British and the Cape, 1814–1834’, in R. Elphick and H. Giliomee, eds, The Shaping of South African Society, 1652–1840 (Cape Town, 1989)
- Compare chapter 5 with C. Crais, ‘Gentry and Labour in Three Eastern Cape Districts, 1820–1865’, South African Historical Journal, 18 (1986), 125–46
- Trapido , S. , Marks , S. and Atmore , A. 1980 . “ eds ” . In Economy and Society in Pre-Industrial South Africa 259 London esp. p.; S. Trapido, ‘Origins of the Cape Franchise Qualifications of 1853’, Journal of African History, 5 (1964), 37–54
South African Historical Journal
Volume 28, 1993 - Issue 1