- The education of the indentured could have been incorporated in Episode One, and the poor provisions for Indian education in the 1920s to the 1940s could have been discussed in Episode Four. As it is, the founding of Sastri College is unnecessarily repeated in this episode with the same visuals. The establishment of the University of Durban-Westville belongs to the episode on apartheid
- Bhana , S. and Brain , J. B. 1990 . Setting Down Roots: Indian Migrants in South Africa 1860–1911 Johannesburg See particularly (S. Bhana, Indentured Indian Emigrants to Natal 1860–1902: A Study Based on Ships' Lists (New Delhi, 1991);and C. Malherbe and U. Mesthrie, Not Slave, not Free (Pietermaritzburg, 1992)
- 1994 . The series was initially meant to have six dramatised episodes of ten minutes each (Communication from Cheryl Carpenter, 18 March
- those with past involvement in oppositional politics like Dr Goonam, and J.N. Singh and those in the House of Delegates, such as M. Pillay of the Education Department and S.V. Naicker of the Department of Housing and Welfare;Among those interviewed were historians like myself, Dr C.G. Henning and Dr D. Bagwandeen;G.D. Padayachee, a Second World War veteran;F. Varachia of the Save Pageview Association;Pat Bodasingh, a descendant of an indentured worker who became a sugar baron;and Rathie Singh, who was a school girl when Lady Rama Rau undertook work with Indian women
- Dr Goonam's comments on Sarojini Naidu in Episode Three are far from important in the larger scheme of Indian history in South Africa
- In this regard Meer's comment in Episode One that, on the whole, employers had more benefits using indentured labourers rather than slaves is questionable. Firstly, the issue was not relevant to Natal-there was no question of a choice. Secondly, indentured labour emerged as a widely used system in the British Empire following the abolition of slavery. For the sugar aristocracy in the West Indies, this system was clearly second best. Thirdly, Meer is probably unaware that in the early American colonies indentured labour from Britain preceded the use of slaves. Slavery emerged as the preferred form of labour because indentured labourers increasingly took up more land on their release from contracts
- Beall , J. 1990 . “ ‘Women under Indenture in Natal’ ” . In Essays on Indentured Indians in Natal Edited by: Bhana , S. Leeds See in, ed.,(and J. Beall, ‘Women under Indenture in Natal 1860–1911’, in C. Walker, ed., Women and Gender in Southern Africa to 1945 (Cape Town and London, 1990)
- Padayachee , V. , Vawda , S. and Tichmann , P. 1985 . “ 5 ” . In Indian Workers and Trades Unions in Durban: 1930–1950 Durban especially chapter
- He explains that they were not allowed to include pass bearing members. Since African women did not have to carry passes they could be included
- This reviewer counted ten men and three women
- Tomaselli , K. 1986 . “They Came from the East: a Structured Absences Discourse' ” . In Myth, Race and Power: South Africans Imaged on Film and TV Edited by: Tomaselli , K. , Williams , A. , Steenveld , L. and Tomaselli , R. 40 Belville eds,. I am grateful to both S. Bhana and K. Tomaselli for pointing me to this reference
- Ibid
- See Episode One
- Tomaselli . “They Came from the East', 41
- Ibid 44 – 45 .
- van Zyl , J. 1980 . “They Came from the East”: Valuable Ethnography' . The SAFTTA Journal , 1 ( 1 ) June : 22
- Tomaselli . ‘They Came from the East’ 41 – 43 . Tomaselli, in my opinion, spoils his critique by absolving Friedberg whom he argues was possibly unaware of the ‘alternative political views' or was more shrewdly perceptive as to what was palatable to the SABC. He himself later quotes Friedberg as saying ‘I was particularly surprised at the amount of conflict I found amongst the Indians-particularly on the South African situation':, 55
- Ibid , 45 47 – 48 .
- Zyl , Van . ‘They Came from the East’ 23
- Tomaselli . They Came from the East', 49, 53
- Tomaselli . ‘They Came from the East’ Friedberg estimated that the series was regarded in a negative light by 30 per cent of its Indian viewers. It is not clear how he arrived at this statistic (see, 54)
- Bhana , S. April 1994 . April , Personal communication from 3
- Telephone interview, January 1994. Bharata Natyam is a classical form of dance from south India
- 18 March 1994 . 18 March , The following information on the making of the series is based on a personal communication with Cheryl Carpenter
- Arkin , A. J. , Magyar , K. P. and Pillay , G. J. , eds. 1989 . The Indian South Africans: A Contemporary Profile Pinetown
- Bhana and Brain . Setting Down Roots 36 – 41 . There is an error in the text of Episode Two which states that the traders came from Bombay. Bombay was simply a port of departure, as the traders came from a range of villages in the districts of Surat, Kathiawar and Valsad: see.The description of the sequence of events in the satyagraha struggle in Episode Two is jumbled and in Episode Six, Sarojini Naidoo's photograph is incorrectly identified as the Kunwarani Maharaj Singh
- Third Census of the Union of South Africa, 1921 UG 40–1924, Part VIII, 165
- Swan , M. 1985 . Gandhi: The South African Experience 1 – 10 . Johannesburg
- Bhana and Brain . Setting Down Roots 34 – 41 . 168–9
- Padayachee , V. and Morrell , R. 1991 . ‘Indian Merchants and Dukawallahs in the Natal Economy, C1875–1914’ . Journal of Southern African Studies , 17 ( 1 ) Mar. : 77 – 2 . 81
- Ibid
- Ibid 77 – 8 .
- Swan . Gandhi 109;see also 38–69
- Naidoo , J. 1989 . Tracking Down Historical Myths: Eight South African Cases 136 Johannesburg
- Swan . Gandhi 112 Other sources dealing with this issue are J.D. Hunt, ‘Gandhi and the Black People of South Africa’, Gandhi Marg (Apr.-June 1989), 7–24;P.F. Power, ‘Gandhi in South Africa’, Journal of Modern African Studies 7, 3 (1969), 441–55;U.S. Mesthrie, 'From Advocacy to Mobilization: Indian Opinion 1903 to 1914’ (Paper presented at the conference on ‘A Century of the Resistance Press in South Africa’, University of the Western Cape, 1991). See also K.L. Harris, ‘Gandhi, the Chinese and Passive Resistance’ (Paper presented at conference on ‘Gandhi and his Significance', University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, June 1993)
- Mesthrie . ‘From Advocacy to Mobilization’ 19
- Power . ‘Gandhi in South Africa’ 445
- Swan . Gandhi 112 – 13 .
- Mesthrie . ‘From Advocacy to Mobilisation’ 20
- Mesthrie , U. S. 1989 . ‘Indian Responses in Natal to Non-European Unity Moves, 1927 to 1945’ . Journal of Natal and Zulu History , 12 : 73 See
- Hunt . ‘Gandhi and the Black People’ 10 See
- Mesthrie . ‘From Advocacy to Mobilization’ 23 – 24 .
- For example, the divisions over participation in the war effort in 1939 are not mentioned in the text. G.D. Padayachee simply mentions that there were differences of opinion. Yusuf Dadoo, in an old filmed interview obtained from the Mayibuye Centre at the University of the Western Cape, refers to the struggles of radicals against the merchants who controlled politics in the 1930s and early 1940s. The opponents of the tri-cameral parliament and those who participated are given the opportunity to present their views, without the intervention of the narrator
- January 1994 . January , Information from Ramu Gopidayal
- At the very time that 'Impressions' is screened, MNet's Eastnet is also screened
- January 1994 . January , Telephone conversation with Ayesha Barmania
- Tomaselli . ‘They Came from the East’ 41
South African Historical Journal
Volume 31, 1994 - Issue 1