References
- African Elections Database. 2011. “Elections in Seychelles.” Updated October 3, 2011. http://africanelections.tripod.com/sc.html.
- African Elections Database. 2012. “Elections in Comoros.” Updated October 21, 2012. http://africanelections.tripod.com/km.html.
- Africa News. 2016. “Assoumani Officially Declared President-elect of Comoros.” May 16. http://www.africanews.com/2016/05/16/assoumani-officially-declared-president-elect-of-comoros/.
- AllAfrica. 2016. “Seychelles: Opposition Wins Seychelles Parliamentary Elections.” September 15. http://allafrica.com/stories/201609151292.html.
- Allen, Philip M. 1975. “Mauritius: The Ile de France Returns.” In The Politics of the Western Indian Ocean Islands, edited by John M. Ostheimer, 193–227. New York: Praeger.
- Anckar, Dag. 2002. “Why are Small Island States Democracies?” The Round Table 365: 375–390. doi: 10.1080/0035853022000010344
- Anckar, Dag. 2010. “Small Is Democratic, But Who is Small?” Arts and Social Sciences Journal 1: 1–10.
- Arouff, Jean Paul. 2017. “New Mauritius PM Takes Over from Father, Opponents Cry Foul.” Reuters, January 23. http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKBN15716Y?sp=true.
- Associated Press. 1995. “French Mercenary Gives Up in Comoros Coup.” New York Times, October 6. http://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/06/world/french-mercenary-gives-up-in-comoros-coup.html.
- Baker, Bruce. 2008. “Seychelles: Democratising in the Shadows of the Past.” African Studies 26 (3): 279–293.
- Baker, Bruce. 2009. “Comoros: The Search for Viability.” Civil Wars 11 (3): 215–233. doi: 10.1080/13698240903157495
- Baldacchino, Godfrey. 2012. “Islands and Despots.” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 50 (1): 103–120. doi: 10.1080/14662043.2012.642119
- Bennett, Andrew, and Alexander L. George. 2001. “Case Studies and Process Tracing in History and Political Science: Similar Strokes for Different Foci.” In Bridges and Boundaries: Historians, Political Scientists, and the Study of International Relations, edited by Colin Elman and Miriam Fendius Elman, 137–166. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Bonnelame, Betymie, and Sharon Uranie. 2016. “Seychelles National Assembly Approves Nomination of New Vice President.” Seychelles News Agency, October 27. http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/6178/Seychelles+National+Assembly+approves+nomination+of+new+Vice+President.
- Bowman, Larry. 1991. Mauritius – Democracy and Development in the Indian Ocean. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Brautigam, Deborah. 1999. “The Mauritius Miracle: Democracy, Institutions, and Economic Policy.” In State, Conflict, and Democracy in Africa, edited by Richard Joseph, 137–162. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
- Bunwaree, Sheila S. 2002. “Economics, Conflict, and Interculturality in a Small Island State – The Case of Mauritius.” Polis 9 (Numero Special): 1–19.
- Butenschøn, Nils A., Øyvind Stiansen, and Kåre Vollan. 2015. Power-sharing in Conflict-Ridden Societies Challenges for Building Peace and Democratic Stability. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
- Carroll, Barbara Wake, and Terrance Carroll. 1999. “The Consolidation of Democracy in Mauritius.” Democratization 6 (1): 179–197. doi: 10.1080/13510349908403602
- Carroll, Barbara Wake, and Terrance Carroll. 2000. “Accommodating Ethnic Diversity in a Modernizing Democratic State: Theory and Practice in the Case of Mauritius.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 23 (1): 120–142. doi: 10.1080/014198700329150
- Cheeseman, Nic. 2015. Democracy in Africa – Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Cornell, Svante E. 2002. “Autonomy as a Source of Conflict: Caucasian Conflicts in Theoretical Perspective.” World Politics 54 (2): 245–276. doi: 10.1353/wp.2002.0002
- Dahl, Robert A., and Edward R. Tufte. 1973. Size and Democracy.Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- de Smith, S. A. 1968. “Mauritius: Constitutionalism in a Plural Society.” The Modern Law Review 31 (6): 601–622. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2230.1968.tb01213.x
- Dommen, Edward. 1980. “Some Distinguishing Characteristics of Island States.” World Development 8: 931–943. doi: 10.1016/0305-750X(80)90085-6
- Economist. 2008. “Send in the Afro-Marines.” March 22. http://www.economist.com/node/10881659.
- Elkins, Zachary, and John Sides. 2007. “Can Institutions Build Unity in Multiethnic States?” American Political Science Review 101 (4): 693–708. doi: 10.1017/S0003055407070505
- England, Andrew. 2015. “Uncertainty Lingers as Scandal Rocks Mauritian Politics.” Financial Times, September 22. https://www.ft.com/content/c691cddc-532c-11e5-b029-b9d50a74fd14.
- Ercolano, Vincent. 1995. “Comoros.” In Indian Ocean – Five Island Countries, edited by Helen Chapin Metz, 3rd ed., 145–197. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.
- Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. 1998. Ethnicity, Nation-Building, and Compromise in Mauritius. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
- Esman, Milton. 2004. “Ethnic Pluralism: Strategies for Conflict Management.” In Facing Ethnic Conflicts: Toward A New Realism, edited by Andreas Wimmer, Richard Goldstone, Donald Horowitz, et al., 203–211. Lanham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield.
- European Union. 2016. “Mayotte and the EU.” Official website of the European Union. http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/mauritius/eu_mayotte/index_en.htm.
- Fearon, James D. 1991. “Counterfactuals and Hypothesis Testing in Political Science.” World Politics 43 (2): 169–195. doi: 10.2307/2010470
- Franda, Marcus. 1982. The Seychelles – Unquiet Islands. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Freedom House. 2017. “Freedom in the World 2017 – Populists and Autocrats: The Dual Threat to Global Democracy.” Country and Territory Ratings and Statuses 1972-2016 (dataset). https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FIW2017_Data.zip.
- Grofman, Bernard, and Jon Fraenkel. 2008. “Electoral Engineering, Social Cleavages, and Democracy.” In Domestic Perspectives on Contemporary Democracy, edited by Peter F. Nardulli, 71–101. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- Hartmann, Christof. 2007. “Paths of Electoral Reform in Africa.” In Votes, Money, and Violence: Political Parties and Elections in Contemporary Africa, edited by Matthias Basedaum, Gero Erdman, and Andreas Mehler, 144–167. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrika Institutet.
- Horowitz, Donald. 2002. “Constitutional Design: Proposals Versus Processes.” In The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, edited by Andrew Reynolds, 15–36. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Horowitz, Donald. 2008. “Conciliatory Institutions and Constitutional Processes in Post-conflict States.” William and Mary Law Review 49 (4): 1213–1248.
- Inter-Parliamentary Union. 2015. “Mauritius – National Assembly.” Updated February 11, 2015. http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2209_A.htm.
- Krennerich, Michael. 1999. “Mauritius.” In Elections in Africa – A Data Handbook, edited by Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich, and Bernhard Thinaut, 603–622. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Kuperman, Alan J. 2015. “Designing Constitutions to Reduce Domestic Conflict.” In Constitutions and Conflict Management in Africa: Preventing Civil War Through Institutional Design, edited by Alan J. Kuperman, 1–23. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Lake, David A., and Donald Rothchild. 2005. “Territorial Decentralization and Civil War Settlements.” In Sustainable Peace: Power and Democracy after Civil Wars, edited by Philip G. Roeder and Donald Rothchild, 109–132. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Larned, Marsha. 2011. “The Newest French Department.” World Policy Blog, April 14. http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2011/04/14/newest-french-department.
- Lemarchand, René. 2007. “Consociationalism and Power Sharing in Africa: Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.” African Affairs 106 (422): 1–20. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adl041
- Lijphart, Arend. 1968. The Politics of Accommodation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Lijphart, Arend. 1977. Democracy in Plural Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Lijphart, Arend. 1989. “Democratic Political Systems – Types, Cases, Causes, and Consequences.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 1 (1): 39–41. doi: 10.1177/0951692889001001003
- Lijphart, Arend. 2002. “The Wave of Power-Sharing Democracy.” In The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy, edited by Andrew Reynolds, 37–54. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Lijphart, Arend. 2004. “Constitutional Design for Divided Societies.” Journal of Democracy 15 (2): 96–109. doi: 10.1353/jod.2004.0029
- Lijphart, Arend. 2012. Patterns of Democracy – Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six Countries. 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Lindberg, Staffan I. 2005. “Consequences of Electoral Systems in Africa: A Preliminary Inquiry.” Electoral Studies 24 (1): 41–64. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2004.02.006
- Mannick, A. R. 1979. Mauritius: The Development of a Plural Society. Nottingham: Spokesman Books.
- McGarry, John, Brendan O’Leary, and Richard Simeon. 2008. “Integration or Accommodation? The Enduring Debate in Conflict Regulation.” In Constitutional Design for Divided Societies: Integration or Accommodation? edited by Sujit Choudhry, 41–88. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Miles, William F. S. 1999. “The Creole Malaise in Mauritius.” African Affairs 98 (391): 211–228. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008008
- Mukonoweshuro, Eliphas G. 1991. “Containing Political Instability in a Poly-ethnic Society: The Case of Mauritius.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 14 (2): 199–224. doi: 10.1080/01419870.1991.9993707
- Newitt, Malya. 1984. The Comoro Islands – Struggle against Dependency in the Indian Ocean. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Norris, Pippa. 2008. Driving Democracy – Do Power-sharing Institutions Work? New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Ofcansky, Thomas P. 1995. “Strategic Considerations.” In Indian Ocean – Five Island Countries, edited by Helen Chapin Metz, 3rd ed., 313–315. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.
- Ostheimer, John M. 1975a. “Independence Politics in the Seychelles.” In The Politics of the Western Indian Ocean Islands, edited by John M. Ostheimer, 174–178. New York: Praeger.
- Ostheimer, John M. 1975b. “The Politics of Comorian Independence.” In The Politics of the Western Indian Ocean Islands, edited by John M. Ostheimer, 73–101. New York: Praeger.
- Reilly, Benjamin. 2001. Democracy in Divided Societies: Electoral Engineering for Conflict Management. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Reynolds, Andrew. 1999. Electoral Systems and Democratization in Southern Africa. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Selway, Joel Sawat. 2015. Coalitions of the Well-being – How Electoral Rules and Ethnic Politics Shape Health Policy in Developing Countries. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Selway, Joel, and Kharis Templeman. 2012. “The Myth of Consociationalism? Conflict Reduction in Divided Societies.” Comparative Political Studies 45 (12): 1542–1571. doi: 10.1177/0010414011425341
- Simmons, Adele Smith. 1982. Modern Mauritius – The Politics of Decolonization. Bloomington, IL: Indiana University Press.
- Sisk, Timothy D. 1996. Power Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
- Spears, Ian S. 2013. “Africa’s Informal Power-sharing and Prospects for Peace.” Civil Wars 15 (1): 37–53. doi: 10.1080/13698249.2013.781302
- Srebrnik, Henry. 2002. “Full of Sound and Fury: Three Decades of Parliamentary Politics in Mauritius.” Journal of Southern African Studies 28 (2): 277–289. doi: 10.1080/03057070220140702
- Srebrnik, Henry. 2004. “Small Island Nations and Democratic Values.” World Development 32 (2): 329–341. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.08.005
- Sullivan, Daniel P. 2005. “The Missing Pillars: A Look at the Failure of Peace in Burundi through the Lens of Arend Lijphart’s Theory of Consociational Democracy.” Journal of Modern African Studies 43 (1): 75–95. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X0400062X
- Taagepera, Rein. 1998. “How Electoral Systems Matter for Democratization.” Democratization 5 (3): 68–91. doi: 10.1080/13510349808403573
- Tartter, Jean R. 1995. “Seychelles.” In Indian Ocean – Five Island Countries, edited by Helen Chapin Metz, 3rd ed., 207–248. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.
- Thande, George. 2015. “Seychelles President Re-elected, Opposition Cries Foul.” Reuters, December 19. http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-seychelles-election-idUKKBN0U206S20151219.
- Thibaut, Bernhard. 1999. “Seychelles.” In Elections in Africa – A Data Handbook, edited by Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich, and Bernhard Thinaut, 775–788. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Toth, Anthony. 1995. “Mauritius.” In Indian Ocean – Five Island Countries, edited by Helen Chapin Metz, 3rd ed., 97–135. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.
- UNESCO. 2016. “UNESCO List of Small Islands Developing States (SIDES).” Accessed July 27, 2016. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/priority-areas/sids/about-unesco-and-sids/sids-list/.
- Uranie, Sharon, Patsy Athanase, Salifa Magnan, and Madiha Philo. 2016. “Shock, Sadness, Confusion and Joy: Mixed reactions in Seychelles after Surprise Resignation of President Michel.” Seychelles News Agency, September 28. http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/5991/Shock%2C+sadness%2C+confusion+and+joy+Mixed+reactions+in+Seychelles+after+surprise+resignation+of+President+Michel.
- US State Department. 2012a. “Background Note: Comoros.” May 7. http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20121005071817/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5236.htm.
- US State Department. 2012b. “Background Note: Seychelles.” January 20. http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120215042149/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/6268.htm.
- Veenendaal, Wouter. 2013. “Size and Personalistic Politics: Characteristics of Political Competition in Four Microstates.” The Round Table 102 (3): 245–257. doi: 10.1080/00358533.2013.794582
- Victor, Kervin. 2017. “Mauritian Premier Succeeded by Son, Opposition Plans Protest.” Bloomberg, January 24. https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/2017/01/23/mauritian-premier-succeeded-by-son-as-opposition-plans-protest.
- Voice of America. 2011. “Seychelles Holds Parliamentary Election.” September 28. http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Seychelles-Holds-Parliamentary-Election--130778883.html.
- Walker, Iain. 2007. “What Came First, the Nation or the State? Political Process in the Comoro Islands.” Africa 77 (4): 582–60. doi: 10.3366/afr.2007.77.4.582