- Malamud , Bernard . 1966 . The Fixer , 271 New York : Dell . A word of caution is necessary, however, regarding the unqualified notion of 'human nature' in this opening statement. While there is a crucial subjective element implicit to every motivated human action, there is also a degree of objectivity required to ultimately assess moral blame-worthiness. I agree with Raymond Suttner who, in his comments, pointed out that 'we distinguish between the subjective morality of the Nazi and the subjective morality of the fighter for freedom. In the case of the latter but not the former we say that the person acts on the basis of beliefs that have an objective basis, that advance human freedom. How we make that assessment we can argue about, but it seems to me to be essential that we do make such an appraisal at an objective level.' To that extent there is, of course, a difference in disobedience of the type discussed in this essay and the forms of dissenting views that were articulated by a minority group of reactionary German-speaking members of Namibian society who, in the mid-1990s, placed a one-page newspaper advertisement to commemorate Rudolf Hess as a martyr to peace and advocating the 'Auschwitz lie'
- Peabody , Robert L. 1968 . “ Authority ” . In International Encyclopedia of the Social sciences , Edited by: Sills , David L. Volume 1 , 473 Macmillan & The Free Press .
- Aid., p. 485.
- Ibid.,p. 479.
- Ibid., p. 486.
- Melber , Henning . 2000 . “ 'Economic and Social transformation in the Process of Colonisation: Society and State Before and During German Rule' ” . In State, Society and Democracy. A Reader in Namibian Politics , Edited by: Keulder , Christiaan . 16 – 48 . Windhoek : Gamsberg Macmillan . For recent analytical overviews on the impact of German and South African colonialism on Namibian society and state (with direct implications for the political culture emerging since independence), see
- Pisani , Andr du . 2000 . “ 'State and Society under South African Rule' ” . 49 – 76 . ibid.
- Sampson , Anthony . 1999 . Mandela: The Authorised Biography , Johannesburg : HarperCollins . While Luthuli preached non-violence (and received the Nobel Peace Laureate for his commitment), he did not consider himself to be a pacifist. Raymond Suttner pointed out to me a passage in Sampson's biography of Nelson Mandela, in which Mandela quotes Luthuli saying that if anyone thinks I am a pacifist let him or her try to steal my chickens. See,
- Good , Kenneth . 1997 . 'Accountable to Themselves: Predominance in Southern Africa' . The Journal of Modern African Studies , 35 : 547 – 73 .
- Henning , Melber . 2000 . "The Culture of Polities' ” . In Namibia: A Decade of Independence 1990-2000 , Edited by: Melber , Henning . 165 – 90 . Windhoek : The Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit . For a recent analyses concerning Namibia, see
- Melber , Henning . 2001 . 'Liberation and Democracy in Southern Africa: The Case of Namibia', in Henning Melber and Christopher Saunders, Transition in Southern Africa: Comparative Aspects , Uppsala : The Nordic Africa Institute .
- Malunga , Mziralculu . 2000 . Tm not with you-but I'm not against you', Africa Confidential (Special Issue), Africa 2000: 40 Years of Africa Confidential . : 7 – 8 .
- Mandela , Nelson . 2001 . 'A Sense of Hope' . Mail & Guardian , 2-8 March
- Ramphele , Mamphele . 2000 . 'When Good People Are Silent' . Mail & Guardian , 10-16 December
- Sail , Ebrima . 2001 . 'Academic Freedom: The Challenges' . News from the Nordic Africa Institute , January : 5 2001
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