- Greenstein , R. 1998 . “ 'Identity, Race, History: South Africa and the Pan-African Context' ” . In Comparative Perspectives on South Africa , Edited by: Greenstein , Ran . 1 – 32 . London : Macmillan .
- Lynn Doty , R. 1996 . 'Immigration and national identity: constructing the nation' . Review of International Studies , 22 (3) : 240
- McDonald , D.A. , ed. 2000 . On Borders: Perspectives on International Migration in Southern Africa , 2 New York : St Martins for the Southern African Migration Project . In 1986, the apartheid government erected a 137 km electric fence along South Africa's northern border with Zimbabwe. Eleven years later, South Africa's first post-apartheid Minister of Defence, Joe Modi se, threatened to turn on the electric fence separating South Africa and Mozambique to 'lethal' mode, to stem the flow of illegal migrants from that country
- 1997 . The Star, Johannesburg , 6 May
- 1995 . Talk of turning up the power again as illegal immigrants flood through the fence into South Africa' . Sunday Independent , 13 August
- 1998 . 'Lions kill illegal migrant' . The Citizen , 3 June Some of this is not delivered directly by people although certainly it is constructed by the conditions of the only politics that is presently on offer as this small example shows. In June 1998, it was reported that a 'pride of lions' had attacked and killed a suspected Mozambican migrant in South Africa's Kruger National Park. In ghoulish fashion, it was reported that game rangers, after rushing to the scene found Only the deceased head and a few ribs'.
- 1998 . Train from hell to Irene Station' . The Pretoria News , 4 September
- 1998 . Prohibited Persons: Abuse of Undocumented Migrants, Asylum Seekers, and Refugees in South Africa , London : Human Rights Watch .
- 1998 . 'Horror deaths of 18 illegals' . The Star , 23 October
- 1998 . 'Death-truck survivors tell of ordeal' . The Star , 27 October
- 1998 . 'Embassy slammed over Zim women's death' . The Citizen , 27 October
- 1998 . 'Lions, hyenas eat illegal immigrant' . The Citizen , 27 October
- Baehr , P. , ed. 2000 . The Portable Hannah Arendt , xxv London : Penguin Books .
- Benhabib , S. 2000 . “ 'Arendt's Eichman in Jerusalem' ” . In The Cambridge Companion to Hannah Arendt , 65 – 85 . Cambridge University Press . On the Hannah Arendt and the Eichman issue, see
- Arendt , H. 1951 . The Origins of Totalitarianism , xv New York : Harcourt, Brace .
- S.Benhabib, p. 74.
- Kotze , H. and Hill , L. 1997 . 'Emergent Migration Policy in a Democractic South Africa' . International Migration , 35 (1) : 5 – 32 . For a discussion of early policy, see
- Ryan Sinclair , M. 1999 . 'I Know a Place that is Softer than This … Emerging Migrant Communities in South Africa' . International Migration Quarterly Review , 37 (2) : 465 – 81 . On this issue, see
- Spiegel , A.D. and Mc Allister , P.A. , eds. 1991 . Tradition and Transition in Southern Africa , Johannesburg : Witwatersrand University Press . For an example of this, see the collection of essays in
- Benjamin , W. and Zohn , H. , eds. 1973 . Illuminations , 258 London : Fontana-Collins .
- Vale , P. 1997 . “ 'Backwaters and Bypasses: South Africa and "Its Region" in Swatuk' ” . In Bridging the Rift: The 'New' South Africa in Africa , 71 – 84 . New York : Westview . On this theme, see
- Mpe , P. 2001 . Welcome to our Hittbraw , Pietermaritzburg : University of Natal Press . The trauma of this life in contemporary urban South Africa is described in
- Weiner , M. 1992/3 . 'Security, Stability and International Migration' . International Security , 17 (3) : 91 – 126 .
- Weiner , M. 1995 . The Global Migration Crisis: Challenge to States and Human Rights , New York : HarperCollins College Publishers .
- Solomon , H. 1996 . 'Defending Borders. Strategic Responses to Illegal Immigrants' . Indicator SA , 13 (3) : 9 – 13 . On this, see
- Huntington , S. 1996 . 'The West: Unique, Not Universal' . Foreign Affairs , 75 (6) : 28 – 46 .
- Huntington , S. 1981 . 'Reform and Stability in a Modernizing, Multi-Ethnic Society' . Politiken , 8 (2) : 8 – 26 .
- Huntington , S. 1996 . The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order , New York : Simon and Schuster .
- Schlesinger , A.M. Jr . 1991 . The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society , New York : The Larger Agenda Series .
- Kennedy , P. 1993 . Preparing for the Twenty-First Century , New York : Random House .
- Ungar , S. 1995 . 'Mixed Reception' . The Economist , 4 November 1995 : 109 It is certainly true that these were not the only voices on the issue. For example, the liberal academic and journalist, Sanford Ungar, published a book in which he argued that to be American 'is being part of an ever more heterogeneous people', and to take part in the constant redefinition of its fabric. See
- Ayoob , M. 1995 . The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict and the International System , 173 – 5 . London : Lynne Reinner . For a recent South African articulation of the same position, see
- Seegers , A. "The New National Security Doctrine: The South African Experience' . paper delivered to the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society. Biennial International Conference . Baltimore, USA. October ,
- M. Ayoob, ibid.
- M.Ayoob, ibid.
- Brettell , C.B. and Hollifield , J.F. 2000 . Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines , 154 London : Routledge .
- Solomon , H. 1997 . Towards the Free Movement of People in Southern Africa , ISS Paper No. 18 2 Halfway House
- Solomon , H. 1996 . 'Defending Borders. Strategic Responses to Illegal Immigrants' . Indicator SA , 13 (3) : 10
- Gledhill , J. 2000 . records in Power and its Disguises: Anthropological Perspectives on Politics , 10 London : Pluto Press . Weber's definition of political community is 'a community whose social action is aimed at subordinating to orderly domination by participants a "territory" and the conduct of persons within it, through the readiness to resort to physical force, including normally force of arms',
- Mandela , N. 1993 . 'South Africa's Future Foreign Policy' . Foreign Affairs , 72 (5)
- Danso , R. and McDonald , D.A. 2000 . Writing Xenophobia: Immigration and the Press in Post-Apartheid South Africa , Migration Policy Series No. 17 Cape Town : IDASA for the Southern African Migration Project .
- Messina , A.M. 1996 . "The Not So Silent Revolution: Postwar Migration to Western Europe' . World Politics , 49 : 152
- Crush , J. “ 'Migrations Past: An Historical Overview of Cross-Border Movement in Southern Africa' ” . In On Borders: Perspectives on International Migration in Southern Africa Edited by: McDonald , D.A. 22
- Minaar , A. Hough , M. 1996 . Who Goes There? Perspectives on Clandestine Migration and Illegal Aliens in Southern Africa) , 164 – 171 . Pretoria : HSRC Publishers . The surveillance of migrants to the new South Africa, in some cases, has been as viciously executed as that used against the apartheid regime. For an insight into these techniques see
- Sinclair , M.R. 1998 . 'Community, Identity and Gender in Migrant Societies of Southern Africa: Emerging Epistemological Challenges' . International Affairs , 74 (2) : 341 Writing on this issue, M.R. Sinclair says: "The migration research that has been conducted within South Africa since the beginning of the decade, and particularly over the past two years, has revolved largely around the discussions of migration as a societal response to state policies and action, explaining migration primarily in terms of national sovereignty and security, as a phenomenon to control, contain and export.'
- 1994 . 'Foreign influx: Mbeki takes a soft line' . The Cape Times , 13 October
- Bernstein , A. 1985 . “ Influx Control in Urban South Africa: An International and Empirical View ” . In Up Against the Fences: Poverty, Passes and Privilege in South Africa , Edited by: Giliomee , H. and Schlemmer , L. 85 Cape Town : David Philip .
- 1994 . The Argus , 2 September
- Maharaj , B. and Rajkumar , R. 1997 . "The 'Alien Invasion' in South Africa: Illegal Immigrants in Durban' . Development Southern Africa , 14 (2) : 255 – 73 . The alien theme was taken up a few years later. See
- Hollifield , J.F. "The Politics of International Migration: How Can We "Bring the State Back In?" ' ” . In Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines Edited by: Brettell , C.B. and Hollifield , J.F.
- 1998 . 'Anti-foreigner feelings "run high among whites" ' . The Star , 25 September A survey conducted by an NGO-sponsored project on migration to South Africa reported that 'anti-foreigner sentiments are more rampant among White than Black South Africans, with more Whites favouring a prohibitionist migration policy'. See
- Solomon , H. 1998 . “ From Accommodation to Control, to Control and Intervention: Illegal Population Flows into South Africa ” . In War and Peace in Southern Africa:Crime, Drugs, Armies and Trade , Edited by: Rotberg , R. and Mills , G. 122 – 48 . Washington : The Brookings Institution Press and the World Peace Foundation .
- 1996 . 'Illegal immigration getting worse,' . The Citizen , 10 January ' "The problem [of migrants] is far worse than it should be", says [Minister of Home Affairs] Buthelezi. The United States drug enforcement agency head, Thomas Constantine had exchanged views with Buthelezi on border control problems. Several South African government departments would visit the United States to study cross-border drug trafficking and the related problem of illegal immigration. Chief Buthelezi says "the US had extensive experience with illegal immigration from Mexico".'
- Venter , M. , ed. 1994 . Migrancy and Aids , Cape Town : Medical Research Council . See (1993) Migration: The Status Quo and Prospects for Southern Africa. Address delivered by Mr D.P.A. Schutte, MP, and Minister of Home Affairs to a meeting of the Institute for Strategic Studies, University of Pretoria, 3 June, p. 8. See also
- de Kok , I. “ 'Cracked Heirlooms: Memory on Exhibition' ” . In Negotiating the Past: The Making of Memory in South Africa Edited by: Nuttall , S. and Coetzee , C. 70
- 1994 . 'Border security: a major concern for SA?' . The Cape Times , 14 December
- Vale , P. 1991 . “ A Farewell to Arms?: The Changing International Order and its Effects on Development and Employment in the New South Africa ” . In Development, Employment and the new South Africa , Edited by: Beukes , E.P. , Davies , W.J. , van der Kooy , R.J.W. and van Wyk , L.A. 3 – 23 . Innesdal : Development Society of Southern Africa .
- Vale , P. and Solomon , H. 1993 . “ 'Migration and Global Change: Understanding the Tsunami Effect' ” . In Migration: Sources, Patterns and Implications , 2 – 22 . Johannesburg : South African Institute of International Affairs .
- Mills , K. 1996 . 'Permeable Borders: Human Migration and Sovereignty' . Global Society , 10 (2) : 78
- Messina , A.M. 1996 . 'The Not So Silent Revolution. Postwar Migration to Western Europe' . World Politics , 49 : 141
- Ibid., p. 142.
- Kwaa Prah , K. 1997 . Beyond the Colour Line: Pan-Africanist Disputations. , Florida : Vivlia Press . On this issue, see
- Bowman , L.W. 1968 . 'The Subordinate State in Southern Africa' . International Studies Quarterly , 12 (3) : 231 – 361 .
- Booth , K. and Herring , E. 1994 . Keyguide to Information Resources on Strategic Studies , 23 – 26 . London : Mansell .
- Strik , P. 2000 . Critical Theory, Politics and Society. An Introduction , 71 London : Pinter .
- 1976 . 'Immigration and Emigration in South Africa', Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa , 289 – 296 . Pretoria : The South African Department of Information . For an example of the official approach to the issue, see
- Raats , J.L. 1954 . Official Year Book of the Union of South Africa and of Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland , 1099 Pretoria : Bureau of Census and Statistics .
- Lazerson , J.A. 1994 . Against The Tide: Whites in the Struggle Against Apartheid , 82 – 99 . Boulder : Westview Press . Although no details exist for the source of these migrants, it is possible to suggest that many of these were of the Jewish faith that, fearing the persecution which eventually followed, were drawn to the promise of South Africa. The rich texture of South Africa's life, and indeed its passage to change, has been marked in significant ways by the contributions of South Africa's Jewish community. On this issue see
- Messina , A.M. 1996 . 'The Not So Silent Revolution. Postwar Migration to Western Europe' . World Politics , 49 : 153
- Soguk , N. 1999 . States and Strangers: Refugees and Displacements of Statecraft , 71 University of Minnesota Press .
- Davenport , R. 1991 . South Africa: A Modern History , 21 – 2 . London : Macmillan .
- Manzo , K. 1992 . 'Global Power and South African Politics: A Foucauldian Analysis' . Alternatives , 17 : 23
- Bhana , S. and Brain , J.B. 1990 . Setting Down Roots: Indian Migrants in South Africa 1860-1911 , Witwatersrand : Witwatersrand University Press .
- Yap , M. and Leong Man , D. 1996 . Colour, Confusion and Concession: The History of the Chinese in South Africa , Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press .
- Porter , A.N. 1980 . The Origins of the South African War: Joseph Chamberlain and the Diplomacy of Imperialism, 7895-99 , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
- Outhwaite , W. and Bottomore , T. , eds. 1998 . The Blackwell Dictionary of Twentieth Century Social Thought , Oxford : Blackwells .
- Solomon , H. 'Immigration and Security in South Africa' . 4 (undated mimeo)
- These notions of the migrant as the force for disruption of local politics have made many appearances in contemporary times, too. In his powerful analysis of refugees and statecraft, Nevzat Soguk reports this 1993 paragraph from the pen of Polish Columnist, Witold Pawloski. 'Another blow has struck … [generating]… another major problem: of refugees … All over the world, the problem, of refugees, is a kind of tax levied on democracy and prosperity. Every state avoids the refugees like the plague, even if they travel in escorted carriages' (p. 31).
- de Klerk , W.A. 1983 . The Puritans in Africa: A History of Afrikanerdom , London : Penguin . The best book on these issues remains, in my view
- Murray , M.J. 1982 . South African Capitalism and Black Political Opposition , Cambridge, MA : Schenkman . There are many examples of this work. See, for instance
- O'Dowd , M. 1991 . South Africa: The Growth Imperative , Johannesburg : Jonathan Ball .
- Wilson , F. 'Minerals and Migrants: How the Mining Industry has Shaped South Africa' . D?dalus , 130 104
- Hastings , D. and Wilson , T.M. 1999 . Borders: Frontiers of Identity, Nation and State , 6 Oxford : Berg .
- Crush , J. 1999 . 'Fortress South Africa and the Deconstruction of Apartheid's Migration Regime' . Geoforum , 30 (1) : 5
- Crush , J. 1999 . 'Fortress South Africa and the Deconstruction of Apartheid's Migration Regime' . in Geoforum , 30 (1) For a brief summary discussion of these issues, see
- Shapiro , M. 1997 . 'Narrating the Nation, Unwelcoming the Stranger: Anti-Immigration Policy in Contemporary America' . Alternatives , 22 (1) : 6
- Johnstone , F.A. 'Most Painful to our Hearts: South Africa Through the Eyes of the New School' . Canadian Journal of African Studies , 16 (1) 5 – 26 . The clearest and certainly the most accessible presentation of this is
- Davies , R. and Head , J. 1995 . "The Future of Mine Migrancy in the Context of Broader Trends in Migration in Southern Africa,' . Journal of Southern African Studies , 21 (3) : 439 – 450 .
- Potts , D. 1992 . "The Hanging Geography of Southern Africa' ” . In The Changing Geography of Africa and the Middle East , Edited by: Chapman , G.P. and Baker , K.M. 30 London : Routledge .
- 1991 . Apartheid: The Facts , 43 London : IDAF Publications .
- Worden , N. 1994 . The Making of Modern South Africa. Conquest, Segregation and Apartheid , 43 Oxford : Berg .
- Minkley , G. 1998 . “ Corpses Behind Screens: Native Space in the City ” . In Architecture, Apartheid and After , Edited by: Hilton , J. and Vladislavic , I. DIl Cape Town : David Philip .
- Crush , J. 1999 . “ 'Migrations Past: An Historical Overview of Cross-Border Movement in Southern Africa' ” . In On Borders: Perspectives on International Migration in Southern Africa Edited by: McDonald , D.A. 13
- Laffey , M. “ 'Adding an Asian Strand: Neo-liberalism and the Practice of Culture in New Zealand, 1984-97' ” . In Cultures of Insecurity: States, Communities, and the Production of Danger Edited by: Weldes , J. , Caffrey , M. , Gusterson , H. and Durall , R. 234
- Grundy , K. “ Confrontation and Accommodation in Southern Africa: The Limits of Independence is 'interested in the impact of these… [migrant]… patterns on regional international relations' ” . 67 pioneering work
- Lake , A. 1976 . The "Tar Baby" Option: American Policy Towards Southern Rhodesia , Columbia University Press . The best study on this remains
- Minnaar , A. 1995 . 'Ours for the Taking? Crime and Illegals' . Information Update , 5 (4) : 23 – 30 .
- First , R. 1983 . Black Goal: ne Mozambican Miner, Proletarian and Peasant , Brighton : Harvester Press .
- Covane , L. , Darch , C. , Hedges , D. and Manghezi , A. , eds. 1998 . O mineiro mocambicano: urn estudo sobre a exportação de mao de obra em Inhambane , 242 Maputo : Universidade Eduardo Mondlane .
- Coplan , D.B. 1994 . In time of Cannibals: The Word Music of South Africa's Basuto Migrants , Johannesburg : Wits University Press .
- Nkomo , S. 1985 . Migrant Labor Economic Theory and National Development Policy: The Case of Southern Africa and Lesotho , Ann Arbor : University Microfilms International) . (PhD thesis, University of Delaware
- Whiteside , A. 1988 . Labour Migration in Southern Africa , Johannesburg : South African Institute of International Affairs .
- Harries , P. c. 1860-1910 . “ Work, Culture, and Identity: Migrant Laborers in Mozambique and South Africa ” .
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