References
- Africa 2.0. 2020. Collateral Benefits: An Africa 2.0 paper documenting perspectives on COVID-19’s impact on Africa and its people. 30 April. http://www.africa2point0.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/COLLATERAL-BENEFITS-V.6-FINAL-5-MAY-2020.pdf.
- Africa CDC. 2020a. Team Europe: Germany and European Union jointly support African Union’s response to COVID-19. 1 September. https://africacdc.org/news-item/team-europe-germany-and-european-union-jointly-support-african-unions-response-to-covid-19/.
- Africa CDC. 2020b. Africa CDC establishes a continent-wide task force to respond to global coronavirus epidemic. 5 February. https://africacdc.org/news-item/africa-cdc-establishes-continent-wide-task-force-to-respond-to-global-coronavirus-epidemic/.
- Africa CDC. 2020c. COVID-19 genome sequencing laboratory network launches in Africa 10 September. https://africacdc.org/news-item/covid-19-genome-sequencing-laboratory-network-launches-in-africa/.
- Africa CDC. 2020d. Workshop on promoting manufacturing of personal protective equipment in Africa. 21 September. https://africacdc.org/news-item/workshop-on-promoting-manufacturing-of-personal-protective-equipment-in-africa/.
- African Development Bank Group. 2008. African Economic Outlook 2007–2008, 32–33.
- African Development Bank Group. 2020a. African Economic Outlook - Africa’s economy forecast to grow despite external shocks. 30 January. https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/african-economic-outlook-2020-africas-economy-forecast-grow-despite-external-shocks-33839.
- African Development Bank Group. 2020b. African Development Bank Group unveils $10 billion Response Facility to curb. 8 April https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/african-development-bank-group-unveils-10-billion-response-facility-curb-covid-19-35174.
- African Union. 2020a. Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the African economy. https://www.tralac.org/documents/resources/covid-19/3218-impact-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-on-the-african-economy-african-union-report-april-2020/file.html.
- African Union. 2020b. Statement by the Chairperson on preparedness and response to the coronavirus disease in Africa. 22 February. https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200222/statement-chairperson-preparedness-and-response-coronavirus-disease-africa.
- African Union Youth Envoy. 2020. African Youth Front on Coronavirus. 6 May. https://auyouthenvoy.org/ayfocovid19/.
- Bessa, M. 2020. “Africa's Disproportionate COVID-19 Pandemic”. E -International Relations. https://www.e-ir.info/2020/06/02/africas-disproportionate-covid-19-pandemic/.
- Chipaike, R., and M. H. Knowledge. 2018. “The Question of African Agency in International Relations.” Cogent Social Sciences 4 (1): 1487257.
- CSIR. 2020. CSIR supports national COVID-19 response with locally developed ventilator. 8 July. https://www.csir.co.za/csir-supports-national-covid-19-response-locally-developed-ventilator.
- Ethiopia COVID-19 Response Team. 2020. 5 key steps in mobilizing COVID-19 response efforts in Africa. 11 April. https://medium.com/africa-covid-19-response-toolkit/5-key-steps-in-mobilizing-covid-19-response-efforts-in-africa-778235ea2d88.
- Faleye, O. A. 2014. “Africa and International Relations Theory Acquiescence and Responses.” Journal of Globalization Studies 5 (2): 81–90.
- Financial Times. 2020. Good Luck and Good Policy explain Africa’s low virus toll. 29 September. https://www.ft.com/content/43f3b50a-2c5e-4c02-a31b-6f3b77c5c7f7.
- Focus Economics. 2020. The World’s Fastest-Growing Economies. 23 January. https://www.focus-economics.com/blog/fastest-growing-economies-in-the-world.
- Fox, B. 2020. ‘The last continent to face up COVID-19, Africa’ needs to wake up’. 20 March. Euractiv. https://www.euractiv.com/section/botswana/news/the-last-continent-to-face-up-covid-19-africa-needs-to-wake-up/.
- Ghebreyesus, T. A. 2020. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. 25 May. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—25-may-2020.
- International Labour Organisation. 2020. ILO: As job losses escalate, nearly half of global workforce at risk of losing livelihoods. 29 April. https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_743036/lang–en/index.htm.
- Kapata, N., C. Ihekweazu, F. Ntoumi, T. Raji, P. Chanda-Kapata, P. Mwaba, V. Mukonka, et al. 2020. “Is Africa Prepared for Tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Epidemic. Lessons from Past Outbreaks, Ongoing pan-African Public Health Efforts, and Implications for the Future.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 93: 233–236.
- Kimberly Process Civil Society Coalition. 2020. The Impact of COVID-19 on African communities affected by diamond mining. https://www.kpcivilsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/The-Impact-of-COVID-19-on-African-communities-affected-by-diamond-mining-KPCSC.pdf.
- Lone, S. A., and A. Ahmad. 2020. “COVID-19 Pandemic – An African Perspective.” Emerging Microbes & Infections 9 (1): 1300–1308.
- Louw-Vaudran, L., and M. Diatta. 2020. Regional responses to the pandemic are essential, and although regions acted quickly, results have been mixed. ISS Today. 8 July. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/how-have-africas-regions-fared-in-tackling-covid-19.
- Makoni, M. 2020. Covid-19 vaccine trials in Africa. The Lancet. 4 September. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30401-X/fulltext#articleInformation.
- Manyika, J., S. Lund, M. Chui, J. Bughin, J. Woetzel, P. Batra, R. Ko, and S. Sanghvi. 2017. Jobs lost, jobs gained: What the future of work will mean for jobs, skills, and wages. McKinsey Global Institute. 28 November. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/jobs-lost-jobs-gained-what-the-future-of-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages#.
- Maru, M. T. 2020. In-depth Analysis: What Should be Africa’s strategy to counter #COVID-19? A strategy for containment. 9 April. https://addisstandard.com/in-depth-analysis-what-should-be-africas-strategy-to-counter-covid19-a-strategy-for-containment/.
- Mayakasi, I., and J. N. Nkengasong. 2020. Africa: Lessons learned so far from the COVID-19 pandemic. 4 November. The Africa Report. https://www.theafricareport.com/48729/africa-lessons-learned-so-far-from-the-covid-19-pandemic/.
- Mesfin, B. 2014. “The Impact of Globalisation in Africa.” In The Handbook of Africa’s International Relations, edited by T. Murithi, 30–38. New York: Routledge.
- Mngomezulu, B. R. 2020. “The Politics of the Coronavirus and its Impact on International Relations.” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 14 (3): 116–125.
- Murithi, T. 2017. Africa and the Remaking of Global Order. Cape town: The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation.
- Muungano. 2020. Coronavirus. https://www.muungano.net/muunganos-covid-19-response.
- Mwombeki, F. 2020. Lessons from COVID-19 for effective governance and sustainable peace in Africa. Conflict Resilience Monitor. 11 November. https://www.accord.org.za/analysis/lessons-from-covid-19-for-effective-governance-and-sustainable-peace-in-africa/.
- Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. 2014. “Pan-Africanism and the International System.” In The Handbook of Africa’s International Relations, edited by T. Murithi. New York: Routledge.
- Neuman, S. G., ed. 1998. International Relations Theory and the Third World. London: Macmillan.
- Nkiwane, T. C. 2001. “Africa and International Relations: Regional Lessons for a Global Discourse.” International Political Science Review 22 (3): 279–290.
- Nyamori, V. 2020. Refugee-led initiatives are stepping up and need to be supported - during the pandemic and beyond. Amnesty International. 1 June. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2020/06/refugee-led-initiates-are-stepping-up-and-need-to-be-supported-during-the-covid-19-response-and-beyond/.
- Odeyemi, F. A., I. A. Adekunle, O. W. Ogunbanjo, J. B. Folorunso, T. Akinbolaji, and I. B. Olawoye. 2020. “Gauging the Laboratory Responses to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Africa.” Journal of Public Affairs 2020 (20): 1–9.
- Ramaphosa, C. M. 2020a. Remarks by African Union Chairperson President Cyril Ramaphosa at the Virtual Meeting of the AU Bureau of Heads of State and Government Meeting with African Business Leaders. 22 April. http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/speeches/2020/cram0422.pdf.
- Ramaphosa, C. M. 2020b. Remarks by African Union Chairperson President Cyril Ramaphosa at the Virtual Meeting with AU Regional Executive Communities Chairs. 29 April. http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/speeches/2020/cram0429.pdf.
- Ramaphosa, C. M. 2020c. President Cyril Ramaphosa: Inaugural National Covid-19 Conference. 31 July. https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-inaugural-national-covid-19-conference-31-jul-2020-0000.
- Ramaphosa, C. M. 2020d. Remarks by African Union Chair President Cyril Ramaphosa at the online media briefing to launch the Africa Medical Supplies Platform. http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/chairship-of-the-african-union/speeches/remarks-african-union-chair-president-cyril-ramaphosa-online-media-briefing-launch-africa-medical-supplies-platform.
- Roberts, B., Y. D. Davids, N. Bohler-Muller, K. Alexander, N. Mchunu, and Y. Majikijela. 2020. The Ubuntu Nation? Changing views on social solidarity and the Covid-19 pandemic. Daily Maverick. 11 September. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-09-11-the-ubuntu-nation-changing-views-on-social-solidarity-and-the-covid-19-pandemic/.
- Schussler, M. 2020. OPINION: A Pan-African approach to fighting hunger and poverty post-COVID-19. 19 May. https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/opinion-a-pan-african-approach-to-fighting-hunger-and-poverty-post-covid-19-48125212.
- Shack/Slumdwellers International. 2020. Community-Based Organisations are Key to Covid-19 Response. 17 June. http://knowyourcity.info/2020/06/community-based-organisations-key-covid-19-response/.
- Steinhauser, G. 2020. IMF Grants $4.3 Billion Coronavirus Loan to South Africa. Wall Street Journal. 28 July. https://www.wsj.com/articles/imf-grants-4-3-billion-coronavirus-loan-to-south-africa-11595949220.
- Travaly, Y., and A. Mare. 2020. Learning from the best: Evaluating Africa’s COVID-19 responses. Brookings Institute. 8 July https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2020/07/08/learning-from-the-best-evaluating-africas-covid-19-responses/.
- UN DESA. 2015. Youth population trends and sustainable development. https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/youth/fact-sheets/YouthPOP.pdf.
- UNDP. 2017. Africa’s Defining Challenge. 7 August. https://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/blog/2017/8/7/africa_defining_challenge.html.
- UNECA. 2020. Facilitating Cross-border trade through a Coordinated African response to COVID-19. https://www.uneca.org/archive/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/facilitating_cross-border_trade_through_a_coordinated_african_response_to_covid-19_fin_4aug.pdf.
- WHO. 2017. What needs to be done to solve the shortage of health workers in the African Region? 24 August. https://www.afro.who.int/news/what-needs-be-done-solve-shortage-health-workers-african-region.
- WHO. 2020. COVID 19 in the WHO African Region. https://who.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/0c9b3a8b68d0437a8cf28581e9c063a9.
- Wickramanayake, J. 2020. Meet 10 young people leading the COVID-19 response in their communities. United Nations. 3 April. https://www.un.org/africarenewal/web-features/coronavirus/meet-10-young-people-leading-covid-19-response-their-communities.
- Wiggins, S., R. Calow, J. Fevertag, S. Levine, and A. Löwe. 2020. Dealing with COVID-19 in rural Africa: Lessons from previous crises. Overseas Development Institute (ODI). https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/200616_rural_africa_covid_2.pdf.
- World Bank. 2020. Community Responses to COVID-19: From the Horn of Africa to the Solomon Islands. 19 May. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/05/19/community-responses-to-covid-19-from-the-horn-of-africa-to-the-solomon-islands.
- World Food Programme. 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on Livelihoods, Food Security and Nutrition. 3 August. https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000118161/download/?_ga=2.44176550.347513633.1601400714-1524328504.1601400714.
- Yaya, S., A. Otu, and R. Labonté. 2020. “Globalisation in the Time of COVID-19: Repositioning Africa to Meet the Immediate and Remote Challenges.” Globalization and Health 16 (51): 2020.