The African Three (A3) at the UN Security Council: Translating Agency into Influence?

References

• Amani Africa. 2021. March 24. “Making Africa’s Voice Matter in the UN Security Council: Bridging the Gap Between Ambition and Reality in the Role of the African Three Members of the UNSC” Special Report No. 9.
   Google Scholar
• Aning, Kwesi, and Fiifi Edu-Afful. 2016. “African Agency in R2P: Interventions by African Union and ECOWAS in Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, and Libya.” International Studies Review 18: 120–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beswick, Danielle, and Anne Hammerstad. 2013. “African Agency in a Changing Security Environment: Sources, Opportunities and Challenges.” Conflict, Security & Development 13 (5): 471–486.
   Google Scholar
• Blaauw, Lesley. 2015. “African Agency in IR: Challenging Great Power Politics?” In Africa in Global International Relations, edited by P. H. Bischoff et, 85–107. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brosig, Malte. 2015. Cooperative Peacekeeping in Africa: Exploring Regime Complexity. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brosig, Malte. 2021. Africa in a Changing Global Order. Marginal but Meaningful? Cham: Palgrave McMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, William. 2012. “A Question of Agency: Africa in International Politics.” Third World Quarterly 33 (10): 1889–1908.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, William, and Sophie Harman (eds). 2013. African Agency in International Politics. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chipaike, Ronald, and Matarutse Knowledge. 2018. “The Question of African Agency in International Relations.” Cogent Social Sciences 4 (1): 1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Carlvaho, Gustavo, and Daniel Forti. 2020, March 20. “Can Africa Become More Influential at the UN Security Council” ISS Today. https://issafrica.org/iss-today/africa-can-become-more-influential-in-the-un-security-council.
   Google Scholar
• Ulf Engel, and João Gomes Porto (eds). 2010. Africa's New Peace and Security Architecture. Promoting Norms, Institutionalizing Solutions. Ashgate, Farnham.
   Google Scholar
• Farrall, Jeremy, et al. 2020. “Elected Member Influence in the United Nations Security Council.” Leiden Journal of International Law 33 (1): 101–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaedtke, Jens-Christian. 2021. “Südafrika im Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen 2019-2020.” Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik 14: 35–48.
   Google Scholar
• Gifkins, Jess. 2021. “Beyond the Veto Roles in UN Security Council Decision-Making.” Global Governance 27: 1–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowan, Richard. 2019, April 30. “A Council of Despair? The Fragmentation of UN Diplomacy” International Crisis Group Special Briefing No 1.
   Google Scholar
• International Crisis Group (ICG). 2019, June 25. A Tale of Two Councils: Strengthening AU-UN Cooperation Africa Report N°279.
   Google Scholar
• Kagwanja, Peter. 2008. “Cry Sovereignty: South Africa and the UN Security Council in a Hegemonic World, 2007–2008.” International Journal of African Renaissance Studies 3 (1): 35–58.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, Ian. 2020. “Elected Members Today: Overcoming the Handicaps.” In Elected Members of the Security Council: Lame Ducks or Key Players? edited by Nico Schrijver and Niels Blokker, 42–55. Leiden: Brill, Nijhoff.
   Google Scholar
• Mathias, Stephen, and Keiichiro Okimoto. 2020. “Non-permanent Members of the Security Council: A Charter Perspective.” In Elected Members of the Security Council: Lame Ducks or Key Players? edited by Nico Schrijver, and Niels Blokker, 13–41. Leiden: Brill, Nijhoff.
   Google Scholar
• Murithi, Tim. 2022. “Africa and the Restructuring of the United Nations Security Council.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Africa and the Changing Global Order, edited by Oloruntoba, Samuel and Falola, Toyin, 705–721. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Nagar, Dawn, and Charles Mutasa (eds). 2018. Africa and the World, Bilateral and Multilateral International Diplomacy. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Paterson, Mark, and Virk Kudrat. 2013. The African Group at the United Nations. Cape Town: Centre for Conflict Resolution.
   Google Scholar
• Patrick, Stewart. 2014. “The Unruled World, The Case for Good Enough Global Governance.” Foreign Policy 93 (1): 58–73.
   Google Scholar
• Pierson, Paul. 1996. “The Path to European Integration: A Historical Institutionalist Analysis.” Comparative Political Studies 29 (2): 123–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PSC. Communiqué 478, Addis Ababa 19 December 2014.
   Google Scholar
• PSC. Communiqué 983, “Unified Role of the African Members in the United Nations (UN) Security Council (A3) in the UN Security Council”, Addis Ababa 4 March 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Schrijver, Nico, and Niels Blokker. 2020. Elected Members of the Security Council: Lame Ducks or Key Players? Leiden: Brill, Nijhoff.
   Google Scholar
• Sievers, Laraine, and Sam Daws. 2014. Update Website of the Procedure of the UN Security Council. Oxford: Oxford University Press. “Chart 3 Degree Unanimity” https://www.scprocedure.org/chart-3-degree-of-unanimity.
   Google Scholar
• Sievers, Laraine, and Sam Daws. 2018. “With Adoption of Three Key Documents, Momentum Accelerates for Enhanced E10 Impact” “Chapter 3: The PEOPLE, Section 3: Elected Members.” The Procedure of the UN Security Council. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.scprocedure.org/chapter-3-section-3i.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Karen. 2012. “Africa as an Agent of International Relations Knowledge.” In Africa and International Relations in the 21st Century, edited by Cheru Cornelissen and Shaw, 21–35. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Souaré, Issaka. 2011. “Africa and the UN Security Council, 1945–2010: A Critical Appraisal.” African Security Review 20 (1): 83–94.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2017. “Security Council, S/2017/507, Note by the President of the Security Council.”
   Google Scholar
• Vahid, Nick Pay, and Przemysław Postolski. 2021. “Power and Diplomacy in the United Nations Security Council: The Influence of Elected Members.” The International Spectator 57 (2): 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Nieuwkerk, Anthoni. 2007. “A Critique of South Africa's Role on the UN Security Council.” South African Journal of International Affairs 14 (1): 61–77.
   Google Scholar
• Van Oostrom, Karel. 2020. With an Orange Tie a Year on the Security Council. Seattle: Amazon KDP.
   Google Scholar
• Warner, Jason, and Timothy Shaw (eds). 2018. African Foreign Policies in International Institutions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Zondi, Siphamandla. 2013. “Common Positions as African Agency in International Negotiatios: An Appraisal.” In African Agency in International Politics, edited by William Brown and Sophie Harman, 19–33. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar