An Agenda with no gender: 2021 local government elections and patriarchal domination in South African politics

References

• ActionSA. 2021. Local Government Election Manifesto. https://www.actionsa.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ActionSALGE-Manifesto-2021.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• The African National Congress (ANC). 2021. Local Government Election Manifesto. https://www.anc1912.org.za/wpcontent/uploads/2021/09/ANC-LGE-2021-Manifesto.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Almeida, M., A. D. Shrestha, D. Stojanac, and L. J. Miller. 2020. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Mental Health.” Archives of Women's Mental Health 23 (6): 741–748. doi:10.1007/s00737-020-01092-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer, G. 2008. “Fifty/Fifty by 2020.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 10 (3): 348–368. doi:10.1080/14616740802185668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beall, J. 2005. “Decentralizing Government and Decentering Gender: Lessons from Local Government Reform in South Africa.” Politics & Society 33 (2): 253–276. doi:10.1177/0032329205275194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonzaier, F. 2017. “The Life and Death of Anene Booysen: Colonial Discourse, Gender-Based Violence and Media Representations.” South African Journal of Psychology 47 (4): 470–481. doi:10.1177/0081246317737916.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casale, D., and D. Posel. 2020. “Gender and the Early Effects of the COVID-19 Crisis in the Paid and Unpaid Economies in South Africa.” National Income Dynamics (NIDS)-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (CRAM) Wave 1.
   Google Scholar
• Chipatiso, L. M., V. Nyambo, M. Machisa, and K. Chiramba. 2014. “The Gender Based Violence Indicators Study: Western Cape Province of South Africa.” Gender Links.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. 1990. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43: 1241–1299. doi:10.2307/1229039.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review 43 (6): 1241–1299. doi:10.2307/1229039.
   Google Scholar
• The Democratic Alliance (DA). 2021. Local Government Election Manifesto. https://cdn.da.org.za/wpcontent/uploads/2021/09/18113212/LGE-2021-Manifesto.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Dlamini, N. J. 2021. “Gender-based Violence, Twin Pandemic to COVID-19.” Critical Sociology 47 (4-5): 583–590. doi:10.1177/0896920520975465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). 2021. Local Government Election Manifesto. https://www.citizen.co.za/wpcontent/uploads/2021/09/FINAL-2021-EFF-LOCAL-GOVERNMENT-MANIFESTO-23-SEPTEMBER-2021-1-compressed.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ellerby, K. 2016. “A Seat at the Table is not Enough: Understanding Women’s Substantive Representation in Peace Processes.” Peacebuilding 4 (2): 136–150. doi:10.1080/21647259.2016.1192240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Saadawi, N. 2010. The Essential Nawal El Saadawi: A Reader. Bloomsbury Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Evertzen, A. 2001. Gender and Local Governance. Netherlands Development Organisation [SNV]: Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Friedman, M. 1999. “Effecting Equality: Translating Commitment Into Policy and Practice.” Agenda (durban, South Africa) 15 (sup1): 2–17. doi:10.2307/4066075.
   Google Scholar
• Goetz, A. M. 1998. Fiddling with Democracy: Translating Women's Participation in Politics in Uganda and South Africa into Gender-Equity in Development.
   Google Scholar
• Gouws, A., and S. Hassim. 2014. “Who's Afraid of Feminism? South African Democracy at 20: An Introduction.” Agenda (durban, South Africa) 28 (2): 4–6. doi:10.1080/10130950.2014.939439.
   Google Scholar
• Hassim, S., and S. Meintjes. 2005. “Overview Paper Prepared for Expert Group Meeting on Democratic Governance in Africa: Strategies for Greater Participation of Women.” Arusha, Tanzania, 6–8. United Nations, New York Office of the Special Adviser on Africa.
   Google Scholar
• International Union of Local Authorities (IULA). 1998. Policy Paper on Women in Local Government. New York: IULA.
   Google Scholar
• Kiguwa, P. 2019. Feminist Approaches: An Exploration of Women’s Gendered Experiences. Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Makhunga, L. D. 2014. “South African Parliament and Blurred Lines: The ANC Women's League and the African National Congress’ Gendered Political Narrative.” Agenda (Durban, South Africa) 28 (2): 33–47. doi:10.1080/10130950.2014.931732.
   Google Scholar
• McEwan, C. 2003. “‘Bringing Government to the People’: Women, Local Governance and Community Participation in South Africa.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 34 (4): 469–481. doi:10.1016/S0016-7185(03)00050-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mgugu, A., and R. Chimonyo. 2004. “Land Reform and Gender in Zimbabwe.” Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and Institute of Development Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare.
   Google Scholar
• Mupotsa, D. S., and M. Motimele. 2021. “Framing Notes–COVID-19: The Intimacies of Pandemics.” Agenda 35 (4): 1–26. doi:10.1080/10130950.2021.2068858.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myakayaka-Manzini, M. 2003, November. Political Party Quotas in South Africa. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)/Electoral Institute of Southern Africa (EISA)/Southern African Development Community (SADC) Parliamentary Forum Conference, “The Implementation of Quotas: African Experiences,” Pretoria (pp. 11–12).
   Google Scholar
• Naidoo, P. 2007. “Struggles Around the Commodification of Daily Life in South Africa.” Review of African Political Economy 34 (111): 57–66. doi:10.1080/03056240701340340.
   Google Scholar
• Ndlovu, H. 2021. “Entangled Battlefields: Challenges of Precarity for Womxn Under COVID-19.” Agenda 35 (4): 110–116. doi:10.1080/10130950.2022.2031731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndulo, M., and M. Grieco. 2009. Power, Gender and Social Change in Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Paffenholz, T., N. Ross, S. Dixon, A. L. Schluchter, and J. True. 2016. Making Women Count-Not Just Counting Women: Assessing Women’s Inclusion and Influence on Peace Negotiations.
   Google Scholar
• Paret, M. 2016. “Contested ANC Hegemony in the Urban Townships: Evidence from the 2014 South African Election.” African Affairs 115 (460): 419–442. doi:10.1093/afraf/adw025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priya, G., S. Bajaj, E. Grewal, I. Maisnam, S. Chandrasekharan, and C. Selvan. 2020. “Challenges in Women with Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” European Endocrinology 16 (2): 100. doi:10.17925/EE.2020.16.2.100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Samson, M. 2007. “Developmental Local Government in Post-apartheid South Africa? A Feminist Rethinking of the State and Development in the Context of Neo-liberalism.” Africa Development 32(3). doi:10.4314/ad.v32i3.57190.
   Google Scholar
• Samson, M. 2015. “Accumulation by Dispossession and the Informal Economy – Struggles Over Knowledge, Being and Waste at a Soweto Garbage Dump.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 33 (5): 813–830. doi:10.1177/0263775815600058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamale, S. 2004. “Gender Trauma in Africa: Enhancing Women's Links to Resources.” Journal of African Law 48 (1): 50–61. doi:10.1017/S0021855304481030.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, C. 1998. Land Reform and Gender in Post-Apartheid South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, N. 2006. “Intersectionality and Feminist Politics.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 13 (3): 193–209. doi:10.1177/1350506806065752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar