References
- Abbas, N., Pickard, T., Atwell, E., & Walker, A. (2021). University student surveys using chatbots: artificial intelligence conversational agents. HCI‘2021 Human Computer Interaction international conference, 2021 (Springer) pp. 155–169. ISBN 978-3-030-77942-9. Washington DC, USA.
- Abu Shawar, B., & Atwell, E. (2007). Chatbots: Are they really useful? Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics, 22(1), 29–49. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.125.26&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
- AbuShawar, B., & Atwell, E. (2015). ALICE chatbot: Trials and outputs. Computacion y Sistemas, 19(4), 625–632. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/615/61543181002.pdf.
- Atwell, E., Howarth, P., Souter, C., Baldo, P., Bisiani, R., Bonaventura, P., Herron, D., Menzel, W., Morton, R., & Wick, H. (2000). User-guided system development in interactive spoken language education. Natural Language Engineering Journal, 6(3&4), 229–241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1351324900002473
- Atwell, E. (2005). Web chatbots: The next generation of speech systems? (pp. 142–143). European CEO.
- Benbunan-Fich, R., Hiltz, S., & Harasim, L. (2005). The online interaction learning model: An integrated theoretical framework for learning networks. In S. Hiltz & R. Goldman (Eds.), Learning together online: Research on asynchronous learning networks (pp. 19–38). Erlbaum.
- Bhattacherjee, A., Davis, C., Connolly, A., & Hikmet, N. (2018). User response to mandatory IT use: A coping theory perspective. European Journal of Information Systems, 27(4), 395–414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/s41303-017-0047-0.
- Bolton College (2019). Education secretary praises ada. https://www.boltoncollege.ac.uk/latest-news/praise-for-ada-bolton-colleges-chatbot/
- Bozdag, E., & Van den Hoven, M. J. (2015). Breaking the filter bubble: Democracy and design. Ethics and Information Technology, 17(4), 249–265. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-015-9380-y 2015
- Carayannopoulos, S. (2018). Using chatbots to aid transition. The International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 35(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-10-2017-0097
- Chen, P. D., Lambert, A. D., & Guidry, K. R. (2010). Engaging online learners: The impact of web-based learning technology on college student engagement. Computers & Education, 54(4), 1222–1232. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.11.008
- Chesters, J., & Watson, L. (2014). Returns to education for those returning to education: evidence from Australia. Studies in Higher Education, 39(9), 1634–1648. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.801422
- Chickering, A., & Gamson, Z. (1989). Seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. Biochemical Education, 17(3), 140–141. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(89)90094-0
- Chuang, H., Thompson, A., & Schmidt, D. (2003). Faculty technology mentoring programs. Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 19(4), 101–106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10402454.2003.10784472.
- Clark, H. H., & Brennan, S. E. (1991). Grounding in communication. In L. B. L. Resnick & J. S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 127–149). American Psychological Association.
- Clegg, S., Bradley, S., & Smith, K. (2006). ‘I’ve had to swallow my pride’: Help seeking and self-esteem. Higher Education Research & Development, 25(2), 101–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360600610354
- Collaço, C. (2017). Increasing student engagement in higher education. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 17(4), 40–47. https://articlegateway.com/index.php/JHETP/article/view/1545 .
- Colvin, J. W., & Ashman, M. (2010). Roles, risks, and benefits of peer mentoring relationships in higher education. Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 18(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13611261003678879
- Cotton, D., Nash, T., & Kneale, P. (2016). Supporting the retention of non-traditional students in higher education using a resilience framework. European Educational Research Journal, 16(1), 62–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904116652629 .
- Differ (2021). Differ. https://www.differ.chat
- Edubots Project (2019). Edubots Project https://www.edubots.eu/
- Ellis, S. (2019). Improving student engagement via a chatbot. In AdvanceHE newsletter. https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/news-and-views/improving-student-engagement-chatbot
- Erb, S., & Drysdale, M. (2017). Learning attributes, academic self-efficacy and sense of belonging amongst mature students at a Canadian university. Studies in the Education of Adults, 49(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2017.1283754
- Flaxman, S., Goel, S., & Rao, J. M. (2016). Filter bubbles, echo chambers, and online news consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(S1), 298–320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfw006
- Goggins, S., & Xing, W. (2016). Building models explaining student participation behavior in asynchronous online discussion. Computers & Education, 94, 395–414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.11.002
- Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(3), 255–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737011003255
- Gronseth, S., & Hebert, W. (2019). GroupMe: investigating use of mobile instant messaging in higher education courses. TechTrends, 63(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-018-0361-y
- Heagney, M., & Benson, R. (2017). How mature-age students succeed in higher education: Implications for institutional support. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 39(3), 216–234. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2017.1300986
- Hobert, S. (2019). Say hello to ‘coding tutor’! design and evaluation of a chatbot-based learning system supporting students to learn to program. 40th international conference on information systems, 2019. Munich, 1, pp. 1–17.
- Hubble, S., & Bolton, P. (2020). Mature higher education students in England 8809 (London: House of Commons Library), https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8809/CBP-8809.pdf.
- Karakose, T. (2020). Emergency remote teaching due to COVID-19 pandemic and potential risks for socioeconomically disadvantaged students in higher education. Educational Process: International Journal, 10(3), 53–61. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1312104.pdf.
- Knowles, M. (1984). Andragogy in action: Applying modern principles of adult learning. Jossey-Bass.
- Kuh, G. D. (2003). What we’re learning about student engagement from NSSE. Change, 35(2), 24–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00091380309604090
- Kuh, G. D., Cruce, T. M., Shoup, R., Kinzie, J., & Gonyea, R. M. (2008). Unmasking the effects of student engagement on first-year college grades and persistence. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(5), 540–563. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2008.11772116
- Kuh, G. D. (2009). What student affairs professionals need to know about student engagement. Journal of College Student Development, 50(6), 683–706. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0099
- Lancaster University (2019). Lancaster University launch pioneering chatbot companion for students. https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/news/lancaster-university-launch-pioneering-chatbot-companion-for-students
- Lave, & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.
- Mallman, M., & Lee, H. (2016). Stigmatised learners: Mature-age students negotiating university culture. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37(5), 684–701. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2014.973017
- Mallman, M., & Lee, H. (2017). Isolated learners: Young mature-age students, university culture, and desire for academic sociality. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 36(5), 512–525. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2017.1302012
- Nitza, D., & Roman, Y. (2016). WhatsApp messaging: Achievements and success in academia. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(4), 255–261. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v5n4p255
- O’Boyle, N. (2014). Front row friendships: Relational dialectics and identity negotiations by mature students at university. Communication Education, 63(3), 169–191. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2014.903333
- O’Keeffe, P. (2013). A sense of belonging: Improving student retention. College Student Journal, 47(4), 605–613. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Sense-of-Belonging%3A-Improving-Student-Retention.-O%E2%80%99Keeffe/2fd483eb62cf5094f147c9a129470808bc2d07f2 .
- Panah, E., & Babar, M. (2020). a survey of whatsapp as a tool for instructor-learner dialogue, learner-content dialogue, and learner-learner dialogue. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 14(12), 1198–1205. https://publications.waset.org/10011648/pdf.
- Pearson, M. (2012). Building bridges: higher degree student retention and counselling support. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 34(2), 187–199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2012.662743
- Peel, M. (2000). “Nobody Cares:” The challenge of isolation in school to university transition. Journal of Institutional Research, 9(1), 22–34. http://www.aair.org.au/app/webroot/media/pdf/JIR/Journal%20of%20Institutional%20Research%20in%20Australasia%20and%20JIR/Volume%209,%20No.%201%20May%202000/Peel.pdf.
- Pérez, J., Daradoumis, T., & Puig, J. (2020). Rediscovering the use of chatbots in education: A Systematic literature review. Computational Applications in Engineering Education, 28, 1–7. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Rediscovering-the-use-of-chatbots-in-education%3A-A-P%C3%A9rez-Daradoumis/6f07a03d6a96e943beeb3cad641c700f124c5cf7 .
- Pham, X., Pham, T., Nguyen, Q., Nguyen, T., Cao, T. (2018). Chatbot as an intelligent personal assistant for mobile language learning. Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on education and eLearning 2018 (New York USA: ACM) Bali, Indonesia https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3291078.3291115
- Prensky. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816
- Reviglio, U., & Agosti, C. (2020). Thinking outside the black-box: The case for “algorithmic sovereignty” in social media. Social Media+ Society, 6(2), 2056305120915613 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120915613 .
- Robinson, C., & Hullinger, H. (2008). New benchmarks in higher education: student engagement in online learning. Journal of Education for Business, 84(2), 101–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEB.84.2.101-109
- Ruan, S., Willis, A., Xu, Q., Davis, G., Jiang, L., Brunskill, E., Landay, J. (2019).BookBuddy: Turning digital materials into interactive foreign language lessons through a voice chatbot. ACM Conference on Learning 2019 Chicago, USA, 30 (New York, USA: ACM), 1–4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3330430.3333643
- Schwartz, F., & White, K. (2000). Making sense of it all: Giving and getting online course feedback. In K. White & B. Weight (Eds.), The online teaching guide: A handbook of attitudes, strategies, and techniques for the virtual classroom (pp. 167–182). Allyn & Bacon.
- Seager, C. (2017). This is what it is like to go to university as a mature student. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/aug/24/bigger-dreams-university-mature-students [ 20/02/2021]
- Sjöström, J., Aghaee, N., Dahlin, M., & Ågerfalk, P. J. (2018). Designing chatbots for higher education practice. In International conference on information systems education and research 2018 San Francisco, USA (pp. 1–10).
- Stebbins, R. A. (2001). Exploratory research in the social sciences (Vol. 48). Sage.
- Studente, S., Ellis, S., & Garivaldis, S. (2020). Exploring the potential of chatbots in higher education: a preliminary study. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 14(9), 768–771. https://publications.waset.org/10011432/exploring-the-potential-of-chatbots-in-higher-education-a-preliminary-study .
- Sun, J., Hagedorn, L. S., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Homesickness at college: Its impact on academic performance and retention. Journal of College Student Development, 57(8), 943–957. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2016.0092
- Tandoc, E. C., Lim, Z. W., & Ling, R. (2018). Defining “Fake News”. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 137–153 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143
- Tang, Y., & Hew, K. F. (2017). Is mobile instant messaging (MIM) useful in education? Examining its technological, pedagogical, and social affordances. Educational Research Review, 21, 85–104.
- Thomas, L., & Quinn, J. (2003). International insights into widening participation: Supporting the success of under-represented groups in tertiary education. Final report. Institute for Access Studies, Staffordshire University.
- Timmis, S. (2012). Constant companions: Instant messaging conversations as sustainable supportive study structures amongst undergraduate peers. Computers & Education, 59(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.09.026
- Tinto, V. (1997). Classrooms as communities: Exploring the educational character of student persistence. The Journal of Higher Education, 68, 599–623. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1997.11779003 .
- Troisi, J. D. (2014). Making the grade and staying engaged: The influence of student management teams on student classroom outcomes. Teaching of Psychology, 41(2), 99–103. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628314530337
- Trowler, V. (2010). Student engagement literature review. Higher Education Academy).
- UCAS Report (2021) Mature students’ guide. https://www.ucas.com/file/35436/download?token=2Q6wiw-L
- UNESCO. (2021). COVID-19: Reopening and reimagining universities, survey on higher education through the UNESCO national commissions. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378174
- Van Dijk, J. (2020). The digital divide. Polity Press.
- Vygotskiĭ, L., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
- Walker, A., & White, G. (2013). Technology enhanced language learning connecting theory and practice. Oxford University Press.
- Webber, K. L., Krylow, R. B., & Zhang, Q. (2013). Does involvement really matter? Indicators of college student success and satisfaction. Journal of College Student Development, 54(6), 591–611. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2013.0090
- Wilcox, P., Winn, S., & Fyvie-Gauld, M. (2005). ‘It was nothing to do with the university, it was just the people’: the role of social support in the first-year experience of higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 30(6), 707–722. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070500340036
- Winkler, R., & Söllner, M. (2018). Unleashing the potential of chatbots in education: a state-of-the-art analysis. In: Academy of Management Annual Meeting (AOM) 2018, (Chicago, USA: Academy of Management).
- Zakos, J., & Capper, L. 2008. CLIVE—An artificially intelligent chat robot for conversational language practice, Artificial Intelligence: Theories, models and applicationsLecture notes in computer science 5138 2008. Springer.