References
- Barton, J., Bragg, R., Pretty, J., Roberts, J., & Wood, C. (2016). The wilderness expedition: An effective life course intervention to improve young people’s well-being and connectedness to nature. Journal of Experiential Education, 39(1), 59–72.
- Beard, J. G., & Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(1), 20–33.
- Brügger, A., Kaiser, F. G., & Roczen, N. (2011). One for all? Connectedness to nature, inclusion of nature, environmental identity, and implicit association with nature. European Psychologist, 16(4), 324–333.
- Capaldi, C. A., Passmore, H.-A., Nisbet, E., Zelenski, J., & Dopko, R. (2015). Flourishing in nature: A review of the benefits of connecting with nature and its application as a wellbeing intervention. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(4), 1–16.
- Carrus, G., Scopelliti, M., Panno, A., Lafortezza, R., Colangelo, G., Pirchio, S., … Sanesi, G. (2017). A different way to stay in touch with “Urban Nature”: The perceived restorative qualities of botanical gardens. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00914
- Cetinkaya, G., Sahin, F. N., & Yariz, K. (2017). Leisure satisfaction level of active and passive participation in outdoor recreation activities and its relationship with public health. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 33, 191–196.
- Cheng, E., Stebbins, R., & Packer, J. (2017). Serious leisure among older gardeners in Australia. Leisure Studies, 36(4), 505–518.
- Chick, G., Hsu, Y. C., Yeh, C. K., & Hsieh, C. M. (2015). Leisure constraints, leisure satisfaction, life satisfaction, and self-rated health in six cities in Taiwan. Leisure Sciences, 37(3), 232–251.
- Cleary, A., Fielding, K. S., Murray, Z., & Roiko, A. (2018). Predictors of nature connection among urban residents: Assessing the role of childhood and adult nature experiences. Environment and Behavior. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1177/0013916518811431
- Cohen, D. A., McKenzie, T. L., Sehgal, A., Williamson, S., Golinelli, D., & Lurie, N. (2007). Contribution of public parks to physical activity. American Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 509–514.
- Collado, S., Staats, H., & Corraliza, J. A. (2013). Experiencing nature in children’s summer camps: Affective, cognitive and behavioural consequences. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 33, 37–44.
- Coon, J. T., Boddy, K., Stein, K., Whear, R., Barton, J., & Depledge, M. H. (2011). Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(5), 1761–1772.
- Cooper, C., Larson, L., Dayer, A., Stedman, R., & Decker, D. (2015). Are wildlife recreationists conservationists? Linking hunting, birdwatching, and pro-environmental behavior. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 79(3), 446–457.
- Crawford, M. R., Holder, M. D., & O’Connor, B. P. (2017). Using mobile technology to engage children with nature. Environment and Behavior, 49(9), 959–984.
- Da Silva, I. C. M., Hino, A. A., Lopes, A., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., Gonçalves, H., … Hallal, P. C. (2017). Built environment and physical activity: Domain-and activity-specific associations among Brazilian adolescents. BMC Public Health, 17, 1.
- Da Silva, I. C. M., Mielke, G. I., Bertoldi, A. D., Arrais, P. S. D., Luiza, V. L., Mengue, S. S., & Hallal, P. C. (2018). Overall and leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian adults: National survey based-on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 5, 212–218.
- De Leeuw, E. D., Hox, J. J., & Dillman, D. A. (2008). International handbook of survey methodology. New York, NY: Erlbaum/Taylor & Francis. 10.4324/9780203843123
- Falk, J. H. (2005). Free‐choice environmental learning: Framing the discussion. Environmental Education Research, 11(3), 265–280.
- Farmer, J. R., Brenner, J. C., Drescher, M., Dickinson, S. L., & Knackmuhs, E. G. (2016). Perpetual private land conservation: The case for outdoor recreation and functional leisure. Ecology and Society, 21(2), 1–16.
- Gardner, D. G., Cummings, L. L., Dunham, R. B., & Pierce, J. L. (1998). Single-item versus multiple-item measurement scales: An empirical comparison. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58(6), 898–915.
- Ginsburg, K. R. (2012). The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bond: Focus on children in poverty. Pediatrics, 129(1), 182–191.
- Giusti, M., Svane, U., Raymond, C. M., & Beery, T. H. (2018). A framework to assess where and how children connect to nature. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 2283.
- Gladwell, V. F., Brown, D. K., Wood, C., Sandercock, G. R., & Barton, J. L. (2013). The great outdoors: How a green exercise environment can benefit all. Extreme Physiology and Medicine, 2, 1–7.
- Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2018). Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. The Lancet Global Health, 6(10), e1077–e1086.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
- Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., de Vries, S., & Frumkin, H. (2014). Nature and health. Annual Review of Public Health, 35(1), 207–228.
- Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420.
- Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling : Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
- Hosaka, T., Numata, S., & Sugimoto, K. (2018). Research note: Relationship between childhood nature play and adulthood participation in nature-based recreation among urban residents in Tokyo area. Landscape and Urban Planning, 180, 1–4.
- Ito, E., Walker, G. J., & Liang, H. (2014). A systematic review of non-western and cross-cultural/national leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, 46(2), 226–239.
- Jackson, E. L. (1986). Outdoor recreation participation and attitudes to the environment. Leisure Studies, 5(1), 1–23.
- Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
- Kuykendall, L., Lei, X., Tay, L., Cheung, H. K., Kolze, M. J., Lindsey, A., … Engelsted, L. (2017). Subjective quality of leisure & worker well-being: Validating measures & testing theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 103, 14–40.
- Kuykendall, L., Tay, L., & Vincent, N. (2015). Leisure engagement and subjective well-being : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 141(2), 364–403.
- Larson, L. R., Jennings, V., & Cloutier, S. A. (2016). Public parks and wellbeing in urban areas of the United States. PloS One, 11(4), e0153211.
- Larson, L. R., Szczytko, R., Bowers, E. P., Stephens, L. E., Stevenson, K. T., & Floyd, M. F. (2018). Outdoor time, screen time, and connection to nature: Troubling trends among rural youth? Environment and Behavior. Advanced online publication. doi:10.1177/0013916518806686
- Larson, L. R., Usher, L. E., & Chapmon, T. (2018). Surfers as environmental stewards: Understanding place-protecting behavior at Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Leisure Sciences, 40(5), 442–465.
- Larson, L. R., Whiting, J. W., & Green, G. T. (2011). Exploring the influence of outdoor recreation participation on pro-environmental behaviour in a demographically diverse population. Local Environment, 16(1), 67–86.
- Lin, B. B., Fuller, R. A., Bush, R., Gaston, K. J., & Shanahan, D. F. (2014). Opportunity or orientation? Who uses urban parks and why. PloS One, 9(1), 1–7.
- Littlejohn, K., Needham, M. D., Szuster, B. W., & Jordan, E. J. (2016). Pre-trip expectations and post-trip satisfaction with marine tour interpretation in Hawaii: Applying the norm activation model. Journal of Environmental Education, 47(3), 202–212.
- London, M., Crandall, R., & Seals, G. W. (1976). The contribution of job and leisure satisfaction to quality of life. Journal of Applied Psychology, 62(3), 328–334.
- Lumber, R., Richardson, M., & Sheffield, D. (2017). Beyond knowing nature: Contact, emotion, compassion, meaning, and beauty are pathways to nature connection. PloS One, 12(5), 1–24.
- Marques, C., Reis, E., Menezes, J., & Salgueiro, M. D. F. (2017). Modelling preferences for nature-based recreation activities. Leisure Studies, 36(1), 89–107.
- Mayer, F. S., & Frantz, C. M. (2004). The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of individuals’ feeling in community with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24(4), 503–515.
- Mayer, F. S., Frantz, C. M. P., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., & Dolliver, K. (2009). Why is nature beneficial? The role of connectedness to nature. Environment and Behavior, 41(5), 607–643.
- McCormick, B. (2016). Leisure at the biological level. In G. J. Walker, D. Scott, & M. Stodolska (Eds.), Leisure matters: The state and future of leisure studies (pp. 9–16). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
- Mock, S. E., Mannell, R. C., & Guttentag, D. (2016). Psychology of leisure, positive psychology, and “psychologizing” leisure theory. In G. J. Walker, D. Scott, & M. Stodolska (Eds.), Leisure matters: The state and future of leisure studies (pp. 41–48). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
- Needham, M. D., Szuster, B. W., Lesar, L., Mora, C., & Knecht, D. P. (2018). Snorkeling and scuba diving with manta rays: Encounters, norms, crowding, satisfaction, and displacement. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 23(5), 461–473.
- Otto, S., & Pensini, P. (2017). Nature-based environmental education of children: Environmental knowledge and connectedness to nature, together, are related to ecological behaviour. Global Environmental Change, 47, 88–94.
- Pessoa, V. S., Gouveia, V. V., Soares, A. K. S., Vilar, R., & Freires, L. A. (2016). Escala de conexão com a natureza: Evidências psicométricas no contexto Brasileiro [Connectedness to nature scale: Psychometric evidence in Brazil]. Estudos De Psicologia (Campinas), 33(2), 271–282.
- Sallis, J. F., Cerin, E., Conway, T. L., Adams, M. A., Frank, L. D., Pratt, M., … Owen, N. (2016). Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 387(10034), 2207–2217.
- Sato, M., Yoshida, M., Wakayoshi, K., & Shonk, D. J. (2017). Event satisfaction, leisure involvement and life satisfaction at a walking event: The mediating role of life domain satisfaction. Leisure Studies, 36(5), 605–617.
- Schneider, J., & Schaal, S. (2017). Location-based smartphone games in the context of environmental education and education for sustainable development: Fostering connectedness to nature with Geogames. Environmental Education Research. doi:10.1080/13504622.2017.1383360
- Schuttler, S. G., Sorensen, A. E., Jordan, R. C., Cooper, C., & Shwartz, A. (2018). Bridging the nature gap: Can citizen science reverse the extinction of experience? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 16(7), 405–411.
- Sharma-Brymer, V., & Bland, D. (2016). Bringing nature to schools to promote children’s physical activity. Sports Medicine, 46(7), 955–962.
- Soga, M., & Gaston, K. J. (2016). Extinction of experience: The loss of human-nature interactions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 14(2), 94–101.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). NY: Harper Collins College Publishers.
- Thompson, C. W., Aspinall, P., & Montarzino, A. (2008). The childhood factor: Adult visits to green places and the significance of childhood experience. Environment and Behavior, 40(1), 111–143.
- Wells, N. M., & Lekies, K. S. (2006). Nature and the life course: Pathways from childhood nature experiences to adult environmentalis. Children, Youth and Environments, 16(1), 1–24.
- Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.