References
- Ábrahám, J., Velenczei, A., & Szabo, A. (2012). Perceived determinants of well-being and enjoyment level of leisure activities. Leisure Sciences, 34(3), 199–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2012.669677
- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
- Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being. Plenum Press.
- Aspis, I., Feingold, D., Weiser, M., Rehm, J., Shoval, G., & Lev-Ran, S. (2015). Cannabis use and mental health-related quality of life among individuals with depressive disorders. Psychiatry Research, 230(2), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.014
- Zhou, L., Yu, J., Wu, M. Y., Wall, G., & Pearce, P. L. (2018). Seniors’ seasonal movements for health enhancement. The Service Industries Journal, 38(1-2), 27-47. http://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2017.1365139
- Balboa-Castillo, T., León-Muñoz, L. M., Graciani, A., & Rodríguez-Artalejo, F. (2011). Longitudinal association of physical activity and sedentary behavior during leisure time with health-related quality of life in community-dwelling older adults. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-1
- Berdychevsky, L., & Nimrod, G. (2015). “let’s talk about sex”: Discussions in seniors’ online communities. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(4), 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2015.11950371
- Berlin, K. L., & Klenosky, D. B. (2014). Let Me Play, Not Exercise! A laddering study of older women’s motivations for continued engagement in sports-based versus exercise-based leisure time physical activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 46(2), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2014.11950316
- Biddle, S. J., & Mutrie, N. (2007). Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being and interventions. New York: Routledge.
- Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Aldine.
- Buman, M. P., Hekler, E. B., Haskell, W. L., Pruitt, L., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Frank, L. D., & King, A. C. (2010). Objective light-intensity physical activity associations with rated health in older adults. American Journal of Epidemiology, 172(10), 1155–1165. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq249
- Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126–131.
- Chang, P.-J., Yarnal, C., & Chick, G. (2016). The longitudinal association between playfulness and resilience in older women engaged in the red hat society. Journal of Leisure Research, 48(3), 210–227. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2016-v48-i3-6256
- Cheng, E., Stebbins, R., & Packer, J. (2017). Serious leisure among older gardeners in Australia. Leisure Studies, 36(4), 505–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2016.1188137
- Christensen, K. M., Holt, J. M., & Wilson, J. F. (2013). The relationship between outdoor recreation and depression among older adults. World Leisure Journal, 55(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2012.759143
- Crombie, I. K., Irvine, L., Williams, B., McGinnis, A. R., Slane, P. W., Alder, E. M., & McMurdo, M. E. (2004). Why older people do not participate in leisure time physical activity: A survey of activity levels, beliefs and deterrents. Age and Ageing, 33(3), 287–292. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afh089
- Crum, A. J., & Langer, E. J. (2007). Mind-set matters exercise and the placebo effect. Psychological Science, 18(2), 165–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01867.x
- De Rezende, L. F. M., Rey-López, J. P., Matsudo, V. K. R., & Do Carmo Luiz, O. (2014). Sedentary behavior and health outcomes among older adults: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-333
- Deshpande, S., Basil, M. D., & Basil, D. Z. (2009). Factors influencing healthy eating habits among college students: An application of the health belief model. Health Marketing Quarterly, 26(2), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/07359680802619834
- Diener, E. (1984). Subjective Well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 96(3), 542–575. http://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
- Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
- Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
- Dionigi, R. A., & Son, J. S. (2017). Introduction to critical perspectives on physical activity, sport, play and leisure in later life. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1253919
- Dogra, S., & Stathokostas, L. (2012). Sedentary behavior and physical activity are independent predictors of successful aging in middle-aged and older adults. Journal of Aging Research, 2012, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/190654
- Eid, M., & Diener, E. (2004). Global judgments of subjective well-being: Situational variability and long-term stability. Social Indicators Research, 65(3), 245–277. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SOCI.0000003801.89195.bc
- Fox, K. R., Stathi, A., McKenna, J., & Davis, M. G. (2007). Physical activity and mental well-being in older people participating in the Better Ageing Project. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(5), 591–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0392-0
- Gard, M., Dionigi, R. A., Horton, S., Baker, J., Weir, P., & Dionigi, C. (2017). The normalization of sport for older people? Annals of Leisure Research, 20(3), 253–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2016.1250646
- Genoe, M. R., Liechty, T., Marston, H. R., & Sutherland, V. (2016). Blogging into retirement: Using qualitative online research methods to understand leisure among baby boomers. Journal of Leisure Research, 48(1), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2016-v48-i1-6257
- Grant, B., & McLean, G. (2011). Physical inactivity prevails in later life. Australasian Parks and Leisure, 14(4), 42–44. https://doi/10.3316/informit.042510049644964
- Haase, A., Steptoe, A., Sallis, J. F., & Wardle, J. (2004). Leisure-time physical activity in university students from 23 countries: Associations with health beliefs, risk awareness, and national economic development. Preventive Medicine, 39(1), 182–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.028
- Haworth, J. (2003). Editorial: Leisure and wellbeing. Leisure Studies, 22(4), 317–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/0261436032000148460
- Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
- Heo, J., Lee, I. H., Kim, J., & Stebbins, R. A. (2012). Understanding the relationships among central characteristics of serious leisure: An empirical study of older adults in competitive sports. Journal of Leisure Research, 44(4), 450–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2012.11950273
- Heo, J., Ryu, J., Yang, H., & Kim, K. M. (2018). Serious leisure and depression in older adults: A study of pickleball players. Leisure Studies, 37(5), 561–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1477977
- Heo, J., Stebbins, R. A., Kim, J., & Lee, I. (2013). Serious leisure, life satisfaction, and health of older adults. Leisure Sciences, 35(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.739871
- Janz, N. K., & Becker, M. H. (1984). The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education & Behavior, 11(1), 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818401100101
- Keyes, C. L., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
- Kikuchi, H., Inoue, S., Sugiyama, T., Owen, N., Oka, K., Nakaya, T., & Shimomitsu, T. (2014). Distinct associations of different sedentary behaviors with health-related attributes among older adults. Preventive Medicine, 67, 335–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.011
- Kim, J., Lee, S., Chun, S., Han, A., & Heo, J. (2017). The effects of leisure-time physical activity for optimism, life satisfaction, psychological well-being, and positive affect among older adults with loneliness. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(4), 406–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2016.1238308
- Ku, P.-W., Fox, K. R., & Chen, L.-J. (2015). Leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behaviors and subjective well-being in older adults: An eight-year longitudinal research. Social Indicators Research, 127(3), 1349–1361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1005-7
- Kuykendall, L., Tay, L., & Ng, V. (2015). Leisure engagement and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 141(2), 364–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038508
- Lee, R. E., Goldberg, J. H., Sallis, J. F., Hickmann, S. A., Castro, C. M., & Chen, A. H. (2001). A prospective analysis of the relationship between walking and mood in sedentary ethnic minority women. Women Health, 32(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v32n04_01
- Liu, H., & Walker, G. J. (2015). The Effects of Urbanization, Motivation, and Constraint on Chinese People’s Leisure-Time Physical Activity. Leisure Sciences, 37(5), 458–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1038372
- Matsouka, O., Bebetsos, E., Trigonis, I., & Simakis, S. (2010). The effects of an outdoor exercise program on mood states among the elderly. World Leisure Journal, 52(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2010.9674620
- Miller, E. (2016). Beyond bingo: A phenomenographic exploration of leisure in aged care. Journal of Leisure Research, 48(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2016-v48-i1-6254
- O’Brien, W., Lloyd, K., & Riot, C. (2017). Exploring the emotional geography of the leisure time physical activity space with mothers of young children. Leisure Studies, 36(2), 220-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2016.1203353
- Östlund, B. (2010). Watching television in later life: A deeper understanding of TV viewing in the homes of old people and in geriatric care contexts. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 24(2), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00711.x
- Page, A. S., Cooper, A. R., Griew, P., & Jago, R. (2010). Children’s screen viewing is related to psychological difficulties irrespective of physical activity. Pediatrics, 126(5), e1011–e1017. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1154
- Paluska, S. A., & Schwenk, T. L. (2000). Physical activity and mental health. Sports Medicine, 29(3), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200029030-00003
- Payne, L. L., Mowen, A. J., & Montoro-Rodriguez, J. (2006). The role of leisure style in maintaining the health of older adults with arthritis. Journal of Leisure Research, 38(1), 20–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2006.11950067
- Penedo, F. J., & Dahn, J. R. (2005). Exercise and well-being: A review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 18(2), 189–193.
- Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Education & Behavior, 2(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200403
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. http://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
- Ryu, J., & Heo, J. (2018). Relationships between leisure activity types and well-being in older adults. Leisure Studies, 37(3), 331–342. http://doi/10.1080/02614367.2017.1370007
- Salama-Younes, M. (2018). Passion types and subjective well-being for French older adult runners. Journal of Leisure Research, 49(3–5), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2018.1505160
- Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(3), 513–523. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513
- Seguin, R., LaMonte, M., Tinker, L., Liu, J., Woods, N., Michael, Y. L., & LaCroix, A. Z. (2012). Sedentary behavior and physical function decline in older women: Findings from the women’s health initiative. Journal of Aging Research, 2012, 1-10. http://doi/10.1155/2012/271589
- Tong, E., White, C. J., & Fry, T. (2016). Classical music concert attendance and older adults: A goal-directed approach. Journal of Leisure Research, 48(2), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2016-v48-i2-6437
- Ware, J. E., Keller, S. D., & Kosinski, M. (1995). SF-12: How to score the SF-12 physical and mental health summary scales. New England Medical Center.
- Ware Jr, J. E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (1996). A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34(3), 220–233.
- Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070.
- World Health Organization. (2015). China country assessment report on ageing and health. WHO.
- Yan, T., Wilber, K. H., Aguirre, R., & Trejo, L. (2009). Do sedentary older adults benefit from community-based exercise? Results from the Active Start program. The Gerontologist, 49(6), 847–855. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnp113
- Yang, H. T., Kim, J., & Heo, J. (2018). Serious leisure profiles and well-being of older Korean adults. Leisure Studies, 38(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1499797
- Yu, P., & Berryman, D. L. (1996). The relationship among self-esteem, acculturation, and recreation participation of recently arrived Chinese immigrant adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 28(4), 251–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1996.11949775
- Yu, Y. W. D. (2005). Comparative study of modern scientific idea about keeping health and traditional culture of keeping health. Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, 39(2), 74–76.