References
- Abousnnouga, G., & Machin, D. (2014). The Language of War Monuments. Bloomsbury Academic.
- Arning, C. (2013). Soft power, ideology and symbolic manipulation in summer Olympic Games opening ceremonies: A semiotic analysis. Social Semiotics, 23(4), 523–544. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2013.799008
- Assmann, A., & Conrad, S. (2010). Introduction. In A. Assmann & S. Conrad (Eds.), Memory in a global age: Discourses, practices and trajectories (pp. 1–16). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Atkinson, D., & Laurier, E. (1998). A sanitised city? Social exclusion at Bristol’s 1996 International festival of the sea. Geoforum, 29(2), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7185(98)00007-4
- Barthes, R. (2000). Mythologies J. Cape, ( Trans.), Vintage. [ Original work published 1957].
- Chandler, D. (2007). Semiotics: The basics (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Cohen, A. P. (1985). The symbolic construction of community. Ellis Horwood Limited.
- Colomb, C. (2012). Staging the new Berlin: Place marketing and the politics of urban re-invention post-1989. Routledge.
- Connerton, P. (2008). Seven types of forgetting. Memory Studies, 1(1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698007083889
- Conway, B. (2008). Local conditions, global environment and transnational discourses in memory work: The case of Bloody Sunday (1972). Memory Studies, 1(2), 187–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698007088385
- Damm, M., & Thompson, M. R. (2009). Wende oder friedliche Revolution? Ungleiche Deutungen einer historischen Zäsur. Totalitarismus und Demokratie, 6(1), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.13109/tode.2009.6.1.21
- Demaria, C., Lorusso, A. M., Violi, P., & Saloul, I. (2022). Spaces of memory. International Journal of Heritage, Memory and Conflict, 2, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3897/ijhmc.2.e78980
- Detjen, M. (2011). Die Mauer als politische Metapher. In K.-D. Henke (Ed.), Die Mauer: Errichtung, Überwindung, Erinnerung (pp. 426–439). dtv.
- Drechsel, B. (2010). The Berlin Wall from a visual perspective: Comments on the construction of a political media icon. Visual Communication, 9(3), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357209352947
- Echtner, C. M. (1999). The semiotic paradigm: Implications for tourism research. Tourism Management, 20(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00105-8
- Eckert, R. (2009). Das »Erinnerungsjahr« 2009: 60 Jahre Bundesrepublik und 20 Jahre Friedliche Revolution - Ein Zwischenbericht. Deutschland Archiv, 42(6), 1069–1078.
- Eedy, S. (2010, October 7-9). Commemoration and commiseration: Memory conflicts and their effects as present in the 20th anniversary of the mauerfall [ Conference presentation]. European Studies Conference, Omaha, NE, United States.
- Elgenius, G. (2011). Symbols of nations and nationalism: Celebrating nationhood. Palgrave Macmillan.
- French, B. M. (2012). The semiotics of collective memories. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41(1), 337–353. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-081309-145936
- Frew, E., & Forsdike, K. (2022). Commemorative events and public rituals: Redefining our leisure engagement with violent death as healing practice and/through social activism. Event Management, 26(1), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599521X16192004803692
- Frost, W. (2012). Commemorative events and heritage in former capitals: A case study of Melbourne. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(1–2), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2011.634894
- Frost, W., & Laing, J. (2013). Commemorative events: Memory, identities, conflict. Routledge.
- Getz, D., & Page, S. J. (2016). Progress and prospects for event tourism research. Tourism Management, 52, 593–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.03.007
- Giesen, B., & Eder, K. (2001). Introduction: European Citizenship: An avenue for the social integration of Europe. In K. Eder & B. Giesen (Eds.), European citizenship between national legacies and postnational projects (pp. 1–13). Oxford University Press.
- Gillis, J. R. (1994). Memory and identity: The history of a relationship. In J. R. Gillis (Ed.), Commemorations: The politics of national identity (pp. 1–12). Princeton University Press.
- Guibernau, M. (2007). The identity of nations. Polity Press.
- Halbwachs, M. (1992). The social frameworks of memory L. A. Coser, ( Trans.), The University of Chicago Press Limited. [ Original work published 1925].
- Hall, S. (1997). The work of representation. In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices (pp. 13–64). SAGE.
- Hall, J., Basarin, V. J., & Lockstone-Binney, L. (2010). An empirical analysis of attendance at a commemorative event: Anzac Day at Gallipoli. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(2), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2009.10.012
- Hobsbawm, E. (1983). Introduction: Inventing traditions. In E. Hobsbawm & T. Ranger (Eds.), The invention of tradition (pp. 1–14). Cambridge University Press.
- Hunt, S. J. (2004). Acting the part: ‘living history’ as a serious leisure pursuit. Leisure Studies, 23(4), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/0261436042000231664
- Jamal, T., & Hollinshead, K. (2001). Tourism and the forbidden zone: The underserved power of qualitative inquiry. Tourism Management, 22(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00020-0
- Jenkins, R. (2014). Social identity (4th ed.). Routledge.
- Jeong, S., & Santos, C. A. (2004). Cultural politics and contested place identity. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 640–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.004
- Kaiser, A. (2013). We were heroes.” Local memories of autumn 1989: Revising the past. In A. Saunders & D. Pinfold (Eds.), Remembering and rethinking the GDR: Multiple perspectives and plural authenticities (pp. 179–194). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Knudsen, B. T., & Andersen, C. (2018). Affective politics and colonial heritage, Rhodes Must Fall at UCT and Oxford. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 25(3), 239–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2018.1481134
- Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Kulturprojekte Berlin GmbH. (2009). 20 Jahre Mauerfall: Dokumentation des Themenjahres 2009. Kulturprojekte Berlin GmbH.
- Kulturprojekte Berlin GmbH. (n.d.). 25 Jahre Mauerfall. https://kulturprojekte.berlin/projekte/25-jahre-mauerfall/
- Kutter, A. (2020). Construction of the Eurozone crisis: Re- and depoliticising European economic integration. Journal of European Integration, 42(5), 659–676. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1792466
- Levy, D., & Sznaider, N. (2002). Memory unbound: The Holocaust and the formation of cosmopolitan memory. European Journal of Social Theory, 5(1), 87–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684310222225315
- Lisiak, A. (2009). Berlin and Warsaw as brands. Weimarpolis, 1(1), 68–80.
- Liu, H., & Fu, J. (2019). Religious leisure, heritage and identity construction- a case of Tibetan college students. Leisure Studies, 38(5), 603–617. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1597149
- Ludwig, A. (2011). Representations of the everyday and the making of memory: GDR history and museums. In D. Clarke & U. Wölfel (Eds.), Remembering the German Democratic Republic: Divided memory in a united Germany (pp. 37–53). Palgrave Macmillan.
- McDonald, T., & Méthot, M. (2006). That impulse that bids a people to honour its past: The nature and purpose of centennial celebrations. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 12(4), 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250600726887
- McKay, J. (2002). East German identity in the GDR. In J. Grix & P. Cooke (Eds.), East German distinctiveness in a unified Germany (pp. 15–29). University of Birmingham Press.
- Merkel, U. (Ed.). (2015). Identity discourses and communities in international events, festivals and spectacles. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Misztal, B. A. (2010). Collective memory in a global age: Learning how and what to remember. Current Sociology, 58(1), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392109348544
- Packer, J., Ballantyne, R., & Uzzell, D. (2019). Interpreting war heritage: Impacts of Anzac museum and battlefield visits on Australians’ understanding of national identity. Annals of Tourism Research, 76, 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.03.012
- Paul, J. (2021). White Armband Day: From global social media campaign to transnational commemoration day. Memory Studies, 16(2), 352–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698021995991
- Pfoser, A., & Keightley, E. (2021). Tourism and the dynamics of transnational mnemonic encounters. Memory Studies, 14(2), 125–139.
- Rigney, A. (2018). Remembering hope: Transnational activism beyond the traumatic. Memory Studies, 11(3), 368–380. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698018771869
- Ryan, L. (2011). Memory, power and resistance: The anatomy of a tripartite relationship. Memory Studies, 4(2), 154–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698010366502
- Siebold, A. 2014. – eine Zäsur von globaler Reichweite? Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte.6424–26, 3–9. 1989
- Sierp, A. (2017). 1939 versus 1989 — a missed opportunity to create a European Lieu de Mémoire? East European Politics and Societies, 31 (3), 439–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325417697791.
- Simon, A. (2014, October 23). Wende? Revolution! Zeit Online. http://www.zeit.de/2014/44/1989-wende-revolution
- Smith, A. D. (1991). National identity. Penguin Books.
- Sumartojo, S. (2021). New geographies of commemoration. Progress in Human Geography, 45(3), 531–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132520936758
- Tekiner, U. (2020). The ‘European (Union) identity’: An overview. E-International Relations. https://www.e-ir.info/2020/04/15/the-european-union-identity-an-overview/
- Todd, L.2022Semiotics of Edinburgh’s Festival City Place-Myth: Management and community stakeholders’ visual representations of festival spacesIn A. Smith, G. Osborn, & B. QuinnEds.Festivals and the CityUniversity of Westminster Presshttps://doi.org/10.16997/book64.k
- Tölle, A. (2010). Urban identity policies in Berlin: From critical reconstruction to reconstructing the wall. Cities, 27(5), 348–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2010.04.005
- Turner, C. (2006). Nation and commemoration. In G. Delanty & K. Kumar (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of nations and nationalism (pp. 205–213). SAGE.
- Viol, M., Todd, L., Theodoraki, E., & Anastasiadou, C. (2018). The role of iconic-historic commemorative events in event tourism: Insights from the 20th and 25th anniversaries of the fall of the Berlin Wall. Tourism Management, 69, 246–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.06.018
- West, B. (2015). Re-enchanting nationalisms: Rituals and remembrances in a postmodern age. Springer.
- Winter, C. (2021). Com-memoration of the great war: Tourists and remembrance on the Western Front. The French Australian Review, 69, 4–26.
- Zou, Y., Xiao, H., & Yang, Y. (2022). Constructing identity in space and place: Semiotic and discourse analyses of museum tourism. Tourism Management, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104608