National football leagues as a source of soft power

References

• Abodohoui, A., & Su, Z. (2020). Influence of Chinese managerial soft power on African skills development. International Business Review, 29(5), 101730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101730
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahsan, A. (2022). Just for kicks: Football as a potential harmoniser in the China–Pakistan economic corridor. Journal of Global Sport Management, 7(3), 372–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1871856
   Google Scholar
• Alm, J., Solberg, H. A., Storm, R. K., & Jakobsen, T. G. (2016). Hosting major sports events: The challenge of taming white elephants. Leisure Studies, 35(5), 564–582. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.994550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansari, P., & Schreyer, D. (2021). Attendance. In Encyclopedia of sport management (pp. 43–45). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800883284.attendance
   Google Scholar
• Bakalov, I. (2019). Whither soft power? Divisions, milestones, and prospects of a research programme in the making. Journal of Political Power, 12(1), 129–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2019.1573613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brannagan, P. M., & Giulianotti, R. (2015). Soft power and soft disempowerment: Qatar, global sport and football’s 2022 World Cup finals. Leisure Studies, 34(6), 703–719. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.964291
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brannagan, P. M., & Rookwood, J. (2016). Sports mega-events, soft power and soft disempowerment: International supporters’ perspectives on Qatar’s acquisition of the 2022 FIFA World Cup finals. International Journal of Sport Policy & Politics, 8(2), 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2016.1150868
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brannagan, P. M., Scelles, N., Valenti, M., Inoue, Y., Grix, J., & Perkin, S. J. (2022). The 2021 European Super League attempt: Motivation, outcome, and the future of football. International Journal of Sport Policy & Politics, 14(1), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2021.2013926
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, S., & Lee Ludvigsen, J. A. (2023). Sport mega-event governance and human rights: The ‘ruggie principles’, responsibility and directions. Leisure Studies, 42(2), 156–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2022.2094998
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick, S. (2022). From utilitarianism and neoclassical sport management to a new geopolitical economy of sport. European Sport Management Quarterly, 22(5), 685–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2022.2032251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick, S., Parnell, D., Widdop, P., & Anagnostopoulos, C. (2018). Routledge Handbook of Football Business and management. S. Chadwick, D. Parnell, P. Widdop, & C. Anagnostopoulos, (Eds.), Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351262804
   Google Scholar
• Chappelet, J. L., & Parent, M. M. (2017). The (wide) world of sports events. In M. M. Parent & J.-L. Chappelet (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sports event management (pp. 1–17). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Coates, D., & Parshakov, P. (2022). The wisdom of crowds and transfer market values. European Journal of Operational Research, 301(2), 523–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2021.10.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cockayne, D., Chadwick, S., & Sullivan, J. (2022). Chinese football–from a state-led past to a digital future. Journal of Global Sport Management, 7(3), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1883212
   Google Scholar
• Connell, J. (2018a). Fiji, rugby and the geopolitics of soft power. Shaping national and international identity. New Zealand Geographer, 74(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/nzg.12184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, J. (2018b). Globalisation, soft power, and the rise of football in China. Geographical Research, 56(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, S. (2010). Analyzing rising power from the perspective of soft power: A new look at China’s rise to the status quo power. Journal of Contemporary China, 19(64), 255–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670560903444207
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubinsky, I. (2021). China’s Stadium Diplomacy in Africa. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1885101
   Google Scholar
• Dubinsky, Y. (2019). Analyzing the roles of country image, Nation branding, and public diplomacy through the evolution of the Modern Olympic Movement. Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research, 84(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2019-0024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick, C. (2013). The struggle for grassroots involvement in football club governance: Experiences of a supporter-activist. Soccer and Society, 14(2), 201–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2013.776468
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, K. (2012). Sport as swaggering: Utilizing sport as soft power. Sport in Society, 15(9), 1260–1274. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2012.690403
   Google Scholar
• Gallarotti, G. M. (2011). Soft power: What it is, Why it’s important, and the conditions for its effective use. Journal of Political Power, 4(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2011.557886
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Del-Barrio, P., & Pujol, F. (2020). Recruiting talent in a global sports market: Appraisals of soccer players’ transfer fees. Managerial Finance, 47(6), 789–811. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-04-2020-0213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giampiccoli, A., Lee, S., & Nauright, J. (2015). Destination South Africa: Comparing global sports mega-events and recurring localised sports events in South Africa for tourism and economic development. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(3), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.787050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giulianotti, R. (2019). Football, politics and soft power. Actividad Física y Deporte: Ciencia y Profesión, 31(31), 31–31. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7213710
   Google Scholar
• Grix, J., & Brannagan, P. M. (2016). Of mechanisms and myths: Conceptualising states’ “soft power” strategies through sports mega-events. Diplomacy and Statecraft, 27(2), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2016.1169791
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grix, J., Brannagan, P. M., & Houlihan, B. (2015). Interrogating states’ soft power strategies: A case study of sports mega-events in Brazil and the UK. Global Society, 29(3), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2015.1047743
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grix, J., Brannagan, P. M., & Lee, D. (2019). Entering the global arena: Emerging states, soft power strategies and sports mega-events. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Grix, J., Brannagan, P. M., Wood, H., & Wynne, C. (2017). State strategies for leveraging sports mega-events: Unpacking the concept of ‘legacy. International Journal of Sport Policy & Politics, 9(2), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2017.1316761
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gúdel, R., & Hernández-Correa, E. (2023). Chinese Super League. Soft power, investment and sustainability. In The geopolitical economy of sport: Power, politics, money, and the state Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003348238-15
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate data analysis, 5th ed. Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann, J., Schnittka, O., Johnen, M., & Kottemann, P. (2021). Talent or popularity: What drives market value and brand image for human brands? Journal of Business Research, 124, 748–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, G., & Day, D. (2015). FA Cup success, football infrastructure and the establishment of Manchester’s footballing identity. Soccer and Society, 16(2–3), 200–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2014.961378
   Google Scholar
• Jarvie, G. (2021). Sport, soft power and cultural relations. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1952093
   Google Scholar
• Jiahao, H., & Guangying, C. (2023). Softpower, soccer, supremacy: The Chinese dream. J. A. Mangan, P. Horton, & C. Tagsold (Eds.) (pp. 395). Peter Lang Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2023.2173799
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, K. H., & Lyon, H. L. (1973). Experimental evidence on combining cross-section and time series information. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 55(4), 465. https://doi.org/10.2307/1925669
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kišjuhas, A. (2023). What holds society together? Emotions, social ties, and group solidarity in leisure interaction rituals. Leisure Studies, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2023.2183979
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krzyzaniak, J. S. (2018). The soft power strategy of soccer sponsorships. Soccer and Society, 19(4), 498–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2016.1199426
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C. W. (2022). Watching the FIFA world cup under cosmopolitanisation: How football fans in Hong Kong followed the 2018 world cup. Leisure Studies, 41(4), 587–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2021.2022180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Ludvigsen, J. A., & Petersen-Wagner, R. (2023). From television to YouTube: Digitalised sport mega-events in the platform society. Leisure Studies, 42(4), 615–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2022.2125557
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leite Junior, E., & Rodrigues, C. (2020). Belt, road and Ball: Football as a Chinese soft power and public diplomacy tool. In The belt and road initiative (pp. 61–83). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2564-3_4
   Google Scholar
• Leite Júnior, E. F., & Rodrigues, C. (2017). The Chinese football development plan. Soft power and national identity. HOLOS, 5, 114–124. https://doi.org/10.15628/holos.2017.5750
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, J. B., & Linzer, D. A. (2005). Estimating regression models in which the dependent variable is based on estimates. Political Analysis, 13(4), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpi026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, Y. (2016). Developing a sustainable football model with the AFC vision Asia philosophy - two grassroots development cases in Zibo and Qingdao. Sport in Society, 19(10), 1478–1488. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2015.1133599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., Gómez, M.-A., Gonçalves, B., & Sampaio, J. (2016). Technical performance and match-to-match variation in elite football teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(6), 509–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1117121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Y., & Kurscheidt, M. (2019). Governance of the Chinese Super League: A struggle between governmental control and market orientation. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), 4–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-11-2017-0070
   Google Scholar
• McClory, J. (2015). Soft Power 30. A Global Ranking of Soft Power 2015. https://portland-communications.com/pdf/The-Soft-Power_30.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McClory, J. (2016). Soft power 30. A global ranking of soft power 2016. https://portland-communications.com/pdf/The-Soft-Power-30-Report-2016.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McClory, J. (2017). Soft power 30. A global ranking of soft power 2017. https://softpower30.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/The_Soft_Power_30_Report_2017-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McClory, J. (2018). Soft power 30. A global ranking of soft power 2018. https://softpower30.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/The-Soft-Power-30-Report-2018.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McClory, J. (2019). Soft power 30. A global ranking of soft power 2019. https://softpower30.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/The-Soft-Power-30-Report-2019-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McClory, J., & Harvey, O. (2016). The soft power 30: Getting to grips with the measurement challenge. Global Affairs, 2(3), 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2016.1239379
   Google Scholar
• McNamara, P., Pazzaglia, F., & Sonpar, K. (2018). Large-scale events as catalysts for creating mutual dependence between social ventures and resource providers. Journal of Management, 44(2), 470–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314563983
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Memari, Z., Rezaei Pandari, A., Ehsani, M., & Mahmudi, S. (2021). Business management in the football industry from a supply chain management perspective. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 22(4), 737–763. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-02-2020-0025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milligan, G. W. (1981). A Monte Carlo study of thirty internal criterion measures for cluster analysis. Psychometrika, 46, 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02293899
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, K. (2016). Football and heritage. In J. Hughson, k. Moore, R. Spaaij & J. Maguire (Eds.)., Routledge handbook of football studies (pp. 90–101). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Müller, M., Wolfe, S. D., Gogishvili, D., Gaffney, C., Hug, M., & Leick, A. (2022). The mega-events database: Systematising the evidence on mega-event outcomes. Leisure Studies, 41(3), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2021.1998835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, S., & Pigman, G. A. (2014). Mapping the relationship between international sport and diplomacy. Sport in Society, 17(9), 1098–1118. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.856616
   Google Scholar
• Nakano, R., & Zhu, Y. (2020). Heritage as soft power: Japan and China in International politics. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 26(7), 869–881. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2020.1845322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nye, J. S. (2019). Soft power and public diplomacy revisited. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 14(1–2), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191X-14101013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nye, J. S. (2021). Soft power: The evolution of a concept. Journal of Political Power, 14(1), 196–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2021.1879572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, J. (2014). Shades of Basqueness: Football, politics and ethnicity in the basque country. In K. Dashper, T. Fletcher, & N. Mccullough (Eds.), Sports events, Society and culture (pp. 160–173). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ogbonna, E., & Harris, L. C. (2014). Organizational cultural perpetuation: A case study of an English Premier League Football Club. British Journal of Management, 25(4), 667–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peeters, T. (2018). Testing the wisdom of crowds in the field: Transfermarkt valuations and international soccer results. International Journal of Forecasting, 34(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2017.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phipps, C., Afrouzeh, A., Pourkiani, M., Oftadeh-Moghadam, S., & Sajjadi, N. (2023). “Iranians on one side, immigrants on the other!”: Socio-cultural constraints to sport participation amongst Afghan women migrants and refugees. Leisure Studies, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2023.2280024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postlethwaite, V., Jenkin, C., & Sherry, E. (2023). Sport diplomacy: an integrative review. Sport Management Review, 26(3), 361–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2022.2071054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prockl, F., & Frick, B. (2018). Information precision in online communities: Player valuations on www.Transfermarkt.de. International Journal of Sport Finance, 13(4), 319–335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos, R. F., Biscaia, R., Moro, S., & Kunkel, T. (2023). Understanding the importance of sport stadium visits to teams and cities through the eyes of online reviewers. Leisure Studies, 42(5), 693–708. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2022.2131888
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiche, D. (2015). Investing in sporting success as a domestic and foreign policy tool: The case of Qatar. International Journal of Sport Policy & Politics, 7(4), 489–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2014.966135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richelieu, A., Lin, Y.-C., & Leng, H. K. (2021). A typology of countries using place branding through sport. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1972431
   Google Scholar
• Rockerbie, D. W. (2019). The importance of domestic football leagues to international performance: Predicting FIFA points. Soccer and Society, 20(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2016.1267627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, P. (2019). Economics of attendance. In P. Downward, B. Frick, B. R. Humphreys, T. Pawlowski, J. E. Ruseski, & B. P. Soebbing (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics (pp. 163–170).
   Google Scholar
• Rossi, G., Goossens, D., DiTanna, G. L., & Addesa, F. (2018). Football team performance efficiency and effectiveness in a corruptive context: The Calciopoli case. European Sport Management Quarterly, 19(5), 583–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2018.1553056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, N. (2021). The interplay of soft power and sharp power in sport diplomacy: A conceptual framework. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1952092
   Google Scholar
• Schreiber, H. (2017). Intangible cultural heritage and soft power–exploring the relationship. International Journal of Intangible Heritage, 12, 44–57. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hanna-Schreiber/publication/319094762_Intangible_cultural_heritage_and_soft_power_-_Exploring_the_relationship/links/5ceed66d4585153c3da53525/Intangible-cultural-heritage-and-soft-power-Exploring-the-relationship.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, D. S., & Fletcher, T. (2023). Emotions and leisure: New insights and perspectives. Leisure Studies, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2023.2243653
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrano, R., García-Bernal, J., Fernández-Olmos, M., & Espitia-Escuer, M. A. (2015). Expected quality in European football attendance: Market value and uncertainty reconsidered. Applied Economics Letters, 22(13), 1051–1054. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.997919
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, S. L., DeSchriver, T. D., & Rascher, D. A. (2017). The Beckham effect: Examining the longitudinal impact of a star performer on league marketing, novelty, and scarcity. European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(5), 610–634. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2017.1329331
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, H. J., Yan, L., Ye Haobin, B., & Yan, Q. (2021). We are Wu: Assessing Chinese fans’ socio-cultural identification with the only Chinese footballer in a top European league. Leisure Studies, 40(4), 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1820554
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon, T. (2014). The affective underpinnings of soft power. European Journal of International Relations, 20(3), 720–741. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066113503479
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiyama, M., Khoo, S., & Hess, R. (2017). Grassroots Football Development in Japan. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 34(17–18), 1854–1871. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1340881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanski, S. (2003). The economic design of sporting contests. Journal of Economic Literature, 41(4), 1137–1187. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.41.4.1137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, T., & Gill, J. (2013). Interactions in generalized linear models: Theoretical issues and an application to personal vote-earning attributes. Social Sciences, 2(2), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci2020091
   Google Scholar
• Vondracek, H. (2019). China’s stadium diplomacy and its determinants: A typological investigation of soft power, 7(1), 62–86. https://journals.aau.dk/index.php/jcir/article/download/6638/5756
   Google Scholar
• Walser, J., Fletcher, T., & Magrath, R. (2022). Fan attitudes towards sexual minorities in German men’s football. Leisure Studies, 41(3), 356–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2021.1980088
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, R., & Ren, Z. (2022). Global vision and local action: Football, corruption and the governance of football in China. Asian Journal of Sport History & Culture, 1(2), 128–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/27690148.2022.2054280
   Google Scholar
• Ward, J. H., & Hook, M. E. (1963). Application of an hierarchical grouping procedure to a problem of grouping profiles. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 23(1), 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446302300107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, X., Siau, X. Y., & Liu, H. (2023). Leisure, heritage, and identity: A case study of Malaysian Chinese 24 festive drums performance. Leisure Studies, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2023.2249256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yearwood, G. M. H. (2018). Heritage as hate: Racism and sporting traditions. Leisure Studies, 37(6), 677–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2018.1497683
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar