REFERENCES

• Aragüés , R. , Guillén , M. and Royo , A. 2010 . Five-year growth and yield response of two young olive cultivars (Olea europaea L., cvs. Arbequina and Empeltre) to soil salinity . Plant and Soil , 334 : 423 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aragüés , R. , Puy , J. and Isidoro , D. 2004 . Vegetative growth response of young olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Arbequina) to soil salinity and waterlogging . Plant and Soil , 258 : 69 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahri , A. , Bouksila , F. and Ben Issa , I. 2004 . “ Water, salinity and drainage management in the oasis (in French) ” . Rapport d'activité de l'INRGREF, 32–36 .
   Google Scholar
• Ben Aïssa , I. 2005 . Water and salinity management in the southern Tunisian Oasis (in French) . Actes du séminaire Euro Méditerranéen “Modernisation de l'agriculture irriguée” (19–23 avril 2004, Rabat Maroc). Tome , 1 : 312 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Bouksila , F. 2008 . Soil water content and salinity determination using different dielectric methods in saline gypsiferous soil . Hydrological Sciences Journal , 53 ( 1 ) : 253 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouksila , F. 2010 . Estimating soil salinity over a shallow saline water table in semi-arid Tunisia . The Open Hydrology Journal , 4 : 91 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Brenning , A. , Koszinski , S. and Sommer , M. 2008 . Geostatistical homogenization of soil conductivity across field boundaries . Geoderma , 143 : 254 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brevik , E.C. and Fenton , T.E. 2002 . Influence of soil water content, clay, temperature and carbonate minerals on electrical conductivity readings taken with the EM-38 . Soil Survey Horizons , 43 ( 1 ) : 9 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Brevik , E.C. and Fenton , T.E. 2004 . The effect of changes in bulk density on soil electrical conductivity as measured with the Geonics® EM-38 . Soil Survey Horizons , 45 ( 3 ) : 96 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Brevik , E.C. , Fenton , T.E. and Horton , R. 2004 . Effect of daily soil temperature fluctuations on soil electrical conductivity as measured with the Geonics EM-38 . Precision Agriculture , 5 : 145 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Brevik , E.C. , Fenton , T.E. and Lazari , A. 2006 . Soil electrical conductivity as a function of soil water content and implications for soil mapping . Precision Agriculture , 7 : 393 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceuppens , J. and Wopereis , M.C.S. 1999 . Impact of non-drained irrigated rice cropping on soil salinization in the Senegal River Delta . Geoderma , 92 : 125 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corwin , D.L. and Lesch , S.M. 2003 . Application of soil electrical conductivity to precision agriculture: theory, principles, and guidelines . Agronomy Journal , 95 : 455 – 471 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corwin , D.L. and Lesch , S.M. 2005 . Characterizing soil spatial variability with apparent soil electrical conductivity. I. Survey protocols . Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , 46 ( 1–3 ) : 103 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corwin , D.L . 2006 . Monitoring management-induced spatio–temporal changes in soil quality through soil sampling directed by apparent electrical conductivity . Geoderma , 131 : 369 – 387 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corwin , D.L. and Rhoades , J.D. 1984 . Measurement of inverted electrical conductivity profiles using electromagnetic induction . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 48 : 288 – 291 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corwin , D.L. and Rhoades , J.D. 1990 . Establishing soil electrical conductivity–depth relations from electromagnetic induction measurements . Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis , 21 ( 11–12 ) : 861 – 901 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRUESI (Centre de Recherche sur l'Utilisation des Eaux Saumâtres en Irrigation) . 1970 . “ Research and training on irrigation with saline water ” . 1962 – 1969 . Paris : Technical Report. Tunis/UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• DGACTA (Direction Générale d'Aménagement et de Conservation des Terres Agricoles) . 2007 . “ Examen et évaluation de la situation actuelle de la salinisation des sols et préparation d'un plan d'action de lutte contre ce fléau dans les périmètres irrigués en Tunisie. Phase 2 : Ebauche du plan d'action. DGACTA, Ministère de l'agriculture et des ressources hydrauliques ” .
   Google Scholar
• Doolittle , J.A. , Noble , C. and Leinard , B. 2000 . An electromagnetic induction survey of a riparian area in southwest Montana . Soil Survey Horizons , 41 ( 2 ) : 27 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) . 1990 . Management of gypsiferous soils , Rome : FAO, Soils Bulletin 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Friedman , S.P. 2005 . Soil properties influencing apparent electrical conductivity: a review . Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , 46 : 45 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guganesharajah , K. 2007 . Simulation of processes involved in soil salinization to guide soil remediation . Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering , 133 : 131 – 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachicha , M. and Job , J.O. 1994 . “ Soil salinity monitoring with electromagnetic induction in the Tunisian irrigated land (1989–1993) (in French) ” . Tunis : Rapport Final Convention Direction des Sols/ORSTOM .
   Google Scholar
• Heilig , J. 2011 . Evaluation of electromagnetic induction to characterize and map sodium-affected soils in the northern Great Plains . Soil Survey Horizons , 52 ( 3 ) : 77 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Herrero , J. , Ba , A.A. and Aragüés , R. 2003 . Soil salinity and its distribution determined by soil sampling and electromagnetic techniques . Soil Use and Management , 19 : 119 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hossain , M.B . 2010 . EM38 for volumetric soil water content estimation in the root-zone of deep vertisol soils . Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , 74 : 100 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Job , J.O. 1992 . Saline soils in the oasis of El Guettar (southern Tunisia) (in French) , Montpellier , , France : These de Doctorat, University of Science and Technology of Languedoc .
   Google Scholar
• Job , J.O. and Marai , M. 1990 . “ Soil salinity study in the oasis of El Guettar (in French) ” . Etude SPécial ES 258, Direction des Sols. Ministère de l'Agriculture tunisien et ORSTOM .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , C.K. , Eskridge , K.M. and Corwin , D.L. 2005 . Apparent soil electrical conductivity: applications for designing and evaluating field-scale experiments . Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , 46 : 181 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kachanoski , R.G. , Gregorich , E.G. and Van Wesenbeeck , I.J. 1988 . Estimating spatial variations in soil water content using noncontacting electromagnetic inductive methods . Canadian Journal of Soil Science , 68 : 715 – 722 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesch , S.M. and Corwin , D.L. 2003 . Using the dual-pathway conductance model to determine how different soil properties influence conductivity survey data . Agronomy Journal , 95 : 365 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesch , S.M. , Corwin , D.L. and Robinson , D.A. 2005 . Apparent soil electrical conductivity mapping as an agricultural management tool in arid zone soils . Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , 46 : 351 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesch , S.M. 1992 . Mapping soil salinity using calibrated electromagnetic measurements . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 56 : 540 – 548 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesch , S.M. , Rhoades , J.D. and Corwin , D.L. 2000 . ESAP-95 version 2.10R: User manual and tutorial guide , Riverside , CA : USDA-ARS, George E. Brown, Jr Salinity Laboratory, Research Report 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Lesch , S.M. , Strauss , D.J. and Rhoades , J.D. 1995a . Spatial prediction of soil salinity using electromagnetic induction techniques: 1. Statistical prediction models: a comparison of multiple linear regression and cokriging . Water Resources Research , 31 : 373 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesch , S.M. , Strauss , D.J. and Rhoades , J.D. 1995b . Spatial prediction of soil salinity using electromagnetic induction techniques: 2. An efficient spatial sampling algorithm suitable for multiple linear regression model identification and estimation . Water Resources Research , 31 : 387 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malicki , M.A. , Campbell , E.C. and Hanks , R.J. 1989 . Investigations on power factor of the soil electrical impedance as related to moisture, salinity, and bulk density . Irrigation Science , 10 : 55 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masoud , A.A. and Koike , K. 2006 . Arid land salinization detected by remotely-sensed land cover changes: a case study in the Siwa region, NW Egypt . Journal of Arid Environments , 66 ( 152 ) : 151 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie , R.C. , Homistek , W. and Clark , N.F. 1989 . Conversion of electromagnetic inductance reading to saturated paste extract value in soil for different temperature, texture and moisture conditions . Canadian Journal of Soil Science , 69 : 25 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeill , J.D. 1980 . “ Electromagnetic terrain conductivity measurement at low induction numbers ” . Ontario : Geonics Limited, Technical note TN-6 .
   Google Scholar
• Omrani , N. 2002 . Salinity management (oasis of Fatnassa, Tembib and Tombar) (in French) , Tunis : Rapport de projet de fin d’études de l’ INAT .
   Google Scholar
• Persson , M. and Berndtsson , R. 1998 . Texture and electrical conductivity effects on temperature dependency in time domain reflectometry . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 62 : 887 – 893 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhoades , J.D. , Chanduvi , F. and Lesch , S.M. 1999 . Soil salinity assessment: methods and interpretation of electrical conductivity measurements , Rome : FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Rongjiang , Y. and Jingsong , Y. 2010 . Quantitative evaluation of soil salinity and its spatial distribution using electromagnetic induction method . Agricultural Water Management , 97 : 1961 – 1970 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saey , T. 2009 . A pedotransfer function to evaluate the soil profile textural heterogeneity using proximally sensed apparent electrical conductivity . Geoderma , 150 : 389 – 395 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAPI study team . 2005 . “ Irrigation perimeters improvement project in oasis in south Tunisia: final report ” . Tunis : DG/GREE .
   Google Scholar
• Sherlock , M.D. and McDonnell , J.J. 2003 . A new tool for hillslope hydrologists: spatially distributed groundwater level and soil water content measured using electromagnetic induction . Hydrological Processes , 17 : 1965 – 1977 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silberstein, R., et al. 2007. Does grazing perennial pastures on saline land affect farm salt and water balances? SGSL Salt and Water Movement Theme Report. http://www.saltlandgenie.org.au/_literature_23944/RR_-_SGSL_Salt_and_Water_Movement_and_Site_Characterisation_Theme ( http://www.saltlandgenie.org.au/_literature_23944/RR_-_SGSL_Salt_and_Water_Movement_and_Site_Characterisation_Theme) (Accessed: 14 August 2012 ).
   Google Scholar
• Slavich , P.G. 1990 . Determining ECa–Depth profiles from electromagnetic induction measurements . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 28 : 443 – 452 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slavich , P.G. and Petterson , G.H. 1990 . Estimating average rootzone salinity from electromagnetic induction (EM-38) measurements . Australian Journal of Soil Research , 28 : 453 – 463 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sols de Tunisie . 1994 . Méthodologie d’étude de l’évolution de la salure des sols salés . Bulletin de la Direction des Sols , 15 : 301 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Triantafilis , T , Laslett , G.M. and McBratney , A.B. 2000 . Calibrating an electromagnetic induction instrument to measure salinity in soil under irrigated cotton . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 64 : 1009 – 1017 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller , U. 2007 . Mapping clay content across boundaries at the landscape scale with electromagnetic induction . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 71 : 1740 – 1747 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu , Q. , Lin , H. and Doolittle , J. 2010 . Repeated electromagnetic induction surveys for determining subsurface hydrologic dynamics in an agricultural landscape . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 74 ( 5 ) : 1750 – 1762 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar