6,935
Views
98
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Temporal and spatial variability of annual and seasonal rainfall over Ethiopia

Variabilité temporelle et spatiale des précipitations annuelles et saisonnières sur l'Ethiopie

, &
Pages 354-373 | Received 17 Dec 2010, Accepted 07 Jun 2012, Published online: 15 Feb 2013

REFERENCES

  • Adler , R.F. 2003 . The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979–Present) . Journal of Hydrometeorology , 4 : 1147 – 1167 .
  • Anderson , R.L. 1942 . Distribution of the serial correlation coefficient . Annals of Mathematical Statistics , 13 : 1 – 13 .
  • Anselin , L. 1988 . Spatial econometrics: methods and models , Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic .
  • Baigorria , G.A. , Jones , J.W. and O'Brien , J.J. 2007 . Understanding rainfall spatial variability in southeast USA at different timescales . International Journal of Climatology , 27 : 749 – 760 .
  • Bayazit , M. and Onoz , B. 2004 . Comment on “Applicability of prewhitening to eliminate the influence of serial correlation on the Mann-Kendall test” by Sheng Yue and Chun Yuan Wang . Water Resources Research , 40 : W08801
  • Beck , C. , Grieser , J. and Rudolf , B. 2005 . A new monthly precipitation climatology for the global land areas for the period 1951 to 2000 . Offenbach, Germany: German Weather Service, Climate status report , 2004 : 181 – 190 .
  • Belete , A.B. To upgrade the hydrometeorological networks in Ethiopia. In . 25th WEDC conference . Ethiopia. pp. 211 – 214 . Addis Ababa . http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/knowledge/conference_proceedings.html
  • Box , G.E.P. and Jenkins , J.M. 1970 . Time series analysis, forecasting and control , San Francisco, CA : Holden-Day .
  • Cai , X. and Wang , D. 2006 . Spatial autocorrelation of topographic index in catchments . Journal of Hydrology , 328 : 581 – 591 .
  • Carl , G. and Kuhn , I. 2007 . Analyzing spatial autocorrelation in species distributions using Gaussian and logit models . Ecological Modelling , 207 : 159 – 170 .
  • Christensen , J.H. 2007 . “ Regional climate projections ” . In S. Solomon, et al., eds. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 847 – 940 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Cliff , A.D. and Ord , J.K. 1969 . “ The problem of spatial autocorrelation ” . In Studies in regional sciences Edited by: Scott , A.J. Vol. 1 , London: Pion, 25 – 55 .
  • Cliff , A.D. and Ord , J.K. 1973 . Spatial autocorrelation , London : Pion .
  • Cliff , A.D. and Ord , J.K. 1981 . Spatial processes: models and applications , London : Pion .
  • Chaplot , V. , Saleh , V.A. and Jaynes , D.B. 2005 . Effect of the accuracy of spatial rainfall information on the modeling of water, sediment, and NO3-N loads at the watershed level . Journal of Hydrology , 312 : 223 – 234 .
  • Chaubey , I. 1999 . Uncertainty in the model parameters due to spatial variability of rainfall . Journal of Hydrology , 220 : 48 – 61 .
  • Cheung , W.H. , Senay , G.B. and Singh , A. 2008 . Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia . International Journal of Climatology , doi: 10.1002/joc.1623
  • Degefu , W. 1987 . “ Some aspects of meteorological drought in Ethiopia ” . In Drought and hunger in Africa—denying famine a future , Edited by: Glantz , M.H. 223 – 226 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Douglas , E.M. , Vogel , R.M. and Kroll , C.N. 2000 . Trends in floods and low flows in the United States: impact of spatial correlation . Journal of Hydrology , 240 : 90 – 105 .
  • Easterling , D.R. 1999 . Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: a brief review . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 81 : 417 – 425. .
  • Enfield , D.B. , Mestas-Nunez , A.M. and Trimble , P.J. 2001 . The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and its relationship to rainfall and river flows in the continental US . Geophysical Research Letters , 28 : 2077 – 2080 .
  • Sheet , Fact . 2010 . A climate trend analysis of Kenya: famine early warning systems network informing climate change adaptation series . USAID-funded FEWS NET project with publishing support provided by the Rolla and Denver Publishing Service Centers, Fact Sheet August – 3074 ,
  • Folland , C.K. , Palmer , T.N. and Parker , D.E. 1986 . Sahel rainfall and worldwide sea surface temperature 1901–1985 . Nature , 320 : 602 – 607 .
  • Ghosh , S. , Luniya , V. and Gupta , A. 2009 . Trend analysis of Indian summer monsoon rainfall at different spatial scales . Atmospheric Science Letters , 10 : 285 – 290 .
  • Gonfa , L. 1996 . Climate classification of Ethiopia , Addis Abeba , , Ethiopia : National Meteorological Service Agency . Meteorological Research Report Series, No. 3
  • Goodchild , M.F. 1986 . Spatial autocorrelation: concepts and techniques in modern geography , Norwich , , UK : Geo Books . ISBN 0-86094-223-6
  • Hamed , K.H. 2009 . Enhancing the effectiveness of prewhitening in trend analysis of hydrologic data . Journal of Hydrology , 368 : 143 – 155 .
  • Hamed , K.H. and Rao , A.R. 1998 . A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for autocorrelated data . Journal of Hydrology , 204 : 182 – 196 .
  • Hepple , L.W. 1991 . Testing for spatial autocorrelation in simultaneous equation models . Computers Environment and Urban Systems , 21 ( 5 ) : 307 – 315 .
  • Hirsch , R.M. 1993 . “ Statistical analysis of hydrologic data ” . In Handbook of hydrology , Edited by: Maidment , D.R. 17.11 – 17.37 . New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
  • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) . 2007 . “ Climate change 2007: the physical science basis ” . In Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , Edited by: Solomon , S. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Jury , M.R. 2010 . Ethiopian decadal climate variability . Theoretical and Applied Climatology , 101 : 29 – 40 .
  • Jury , M.R. 2011 . “ Climate factors modulating Nile River flow ” . In Nile river basin: hydrology, climate and water use , Edited by: Melesse , A.M. 267 – 280 . Dordrecht : Springer .
  • Kampata , J.M. , Parida , B.P. and Moalafhi , D.B. 2008 . Trend analysis of rainfall in the headstreams of the Zambezi River Basin in Zambia . Physics and Chemistry of the Earth , 33 : 621 – 625 .
  • Kaplan , A. 1998 . Analysis of global sea surface temperatures 1856–1991 . Journal of Geophysical Research , 103 : 18,567 – 18,589 .
  • Kendall , M.G. 1975 . Rank correlation methods , London : Charles Griffin .
  • Kendall , M.G. and Stuart , A. 1968 . The advanced theory of statistics , Vol. 1 , London : Charles Griffin .
  • Koenig , W.D. 1999 . Spatial autocorrelation of ecological phenomena . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 14 ( 1 ) : 22 – 26 .
  • Korecha , D. and Barnston , A. 2007 . Predictability of June–September rainfall in Ethiopia . American Meteorological Society , 135 : 625 – 650 .
  • Kottegoda , N.T. 1980 . Stochastic water resources technology , New York, NY : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Kulkarni , A. and von Storch , H. 1995 . Monte Carlo experiments on the effect of serial correlation on the Mann-Kendall test of trend . Meteorologische Zeitschrift , 4 NF : 82 – 85 .
  • Mair , A. and Fares , A. 2010 . Assessing rainfall data homogeneity and estimating missing records in Makaha Valley, O'ahu Hawai'i . Journal of Hydrologic Engineering , 15 ( 1 ) : 101 – 106 .
  • Mann , H.B. 1945 . Nonparametric tests against trend . Econometrica , 13 : 245 – 259 .
  • McCuen , R.H. 2003 . Modeling hydraulic change: statistical methods , Boca Raton , FL : Lewis .
  • Milly , P.C.D. 2008 . Stationarity is dead: whither water management? . Science , 319, 573--574
  • Moran , P.A.P. 1950 . Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena . Biometrika , 37 : 17 – 23 .
  • Moreda, F. and Bauwens, W., 1998. Influences of variability of rainfall on flow regimes in central Ethiopia. In: E. Servat, et al., eds. Water resources variability in Africa during the XXth century (Proceedings of Abidjan ‘98 Conference). Wallingford, UK: IAHS Press, IAHS Publ. 252, 297–305. Available from[Accessed 5 November 2010]. http://www.iahs.info/redbooks/252.htm (http://www.iahs.info/redbooks/252.htm)
  • Mwale , D. , Gan , T.Y. and Shen , S.S.P. 2004 . A new analysis on variability and predictability of seasonal rainfall of central southern Africa . International Journal of Climatology , 24 : 1509 – 1530 .
  • Pankhurst , R. 1966 . The great Ethiopian famine of 1888–92 . Journal of History of Medicine and Allied Sciences , 21 : 95 – 124 . 271–294
  • Partal , T. and Kahya , E. 2006 . Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data . Hydrological Processes , 20 : 2011 – 2026 .
  • Parthasarathy , B. and Dhar , O.N. 1975 . Trend analysis of annual Indian rainfall . Hydrological Sciences Bulletin , 20 ( 2 ) : 257 – 260 .
  • Peel , M.C. , Finlayson , B.L. and McMahon , T.A. 2007 . Updated world map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification . Hydrology and Earth System Sciences , 11 : 1633 – 1644 .
  • Ping , J.L. 2004 . Exploring spatial dependence of cotton yield using global and local autocorrelation statistics . Field Crops Research , 89 : 219 – 236 .
  • Quinn , W.H. and Neal , V.T. 1987 . El Niño occurrences over the past four and half centuries . Journal of Physics Research , 92 : 14449 – 14461 .
  • Rajeevan , M. 2006 . High resolution daily gridded rainfall data for the Indian region: analysis of break and active monsoon spells . Current Science , 91 ( 3 ) : 296 – 306 .
  • Salas , J.D. 1980 . Applied modeling of hydrologic time series , Littleton , CO : Water Resources Publications .
  • Segele , Z.T. and Lamb , P.J. 2005 . Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia . Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics , 89 : 153 – 180 .
  • Seleshi , Y. and Demarée , G.R. 1995 . Rainfall variability in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands and its links with the Southern Oscillation Index . Journal of Biogeography , 22 : 945 – 952 .
  • Seleshi , Y. and Zanke , U. 2004 . Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia . International Journal of Climatology , 24 : 973 – 983 .
  • Sen , P.K. 1968 . Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 63 : 1379 – 1389. .
  • Singh , V.P. 1997 . Effect of spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and watershed characteristics on stream flow hydrograph . Hydrological Processes , 11 : 1649 – 1669 .
  • Smith , M.B. 2004 . Runoff response to spatial variability in precipitation: An analysis of observed data . Journal of Hydrology , 298 : 267 – 286 .
  • Taye , M.T. and Willems , P. 2012 . “ Temporal variability of hydroclimatic extremes in the Blue Nile basin ” . In Water Resources Research Vol. 48 , W03513 doi: 10.1029/2011, WR011466
  • Theil , H. 1950 . A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis, III . Nederlands Akademie Wetensch. Proceedings , 53 : 1397 – 1412 .
  • Trenberth , K.E and Shea , D.J. 2006 . Atlantic hurricanes and natural variability in 2005 . Geophysical Research Letters , 33 : L12704
  • Trenberth , K.E. 2007 . “ Observations: surface and atmospheric climate change ” . In S. Solomon, et al., eds. Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 235 – 336 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Tsegay, W., 1998. El Niño and drought early warning in Ethiopia. Internet Journal of African Studies, No. 2. Available from[Accessed 28 September 2010]. http://ccb.colorado.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html (http://ccb.colorado.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html)
  • Yue , S. , Pilon , P. and Cavadias , G. 2002 . Power of the Mann-Kendall and Spearman's rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series . Journal of Hydrology , 259 : 254 – 271 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.