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Original Articles

Mahallah and kinship relations. A study on residential communal commitment structures in Central Asia of the 19th century

Pages 97-106 | Published online: 01 Jul 2010

References

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  • Geiss , Cf. P.O. 1999 . 'Turkman tribalism' . CentralAsian Survey , 18 ( 3 ) : 347 – 57 . see pp 347-349 and 354 (n 5);
  • Geiss , P.C. 1998 . Tribal commitment and political order in Central Asia. A reconsideration' . Proceedings of ESCAS Sixth Conference . October 8-10 1998 . Edited by: Bellingeri , Giampiero . (forthcoming 2001)
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  • Mustafina , R.M. 1992 . Predstavleniia, kul'ty, obriady u Kazakhov (v kontekste bytovogo islama v iuzhnom Kazakhstane v kontse XIX-XX vv.) 29 – 30 . Almaty
  • Rakhimov , R.R. 1990 . 'Muzhskie' doma v traditsionnot kul'ture Tadzhikov 27 – 37 . 100 – 101 . 108 – 111 . Leningrad
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  • Skrine , F.H. and Ross , E.D. 1899 . The Heart of Asia. A History of Russian Turkestan and the Central Asian Khanates from the Earliest Times 381 London
  • 1973 . The Middle East Collection New York
  • Pahlen , K.K. 1910 . Sel'skoe upravlenie, russkoe i tuzemnoe (Otchet po revizii Turkestansogo kraia) 5 – 6 . St. Petersburg Sukhareva, op cit, note 10, pp 22-23; Maev, op cit, note 6, pp 276-277; Ostroumov, op cit, note 8, pp 38-39;
  • Sukhareva , O. A. 1958 . Traditsionnoe sopernichestvo mezhdu chastiami gorodov v Uzbekistane (konets XIX-nachalo XX v.)' . Kratkie soobshcheniia instituta etnogrufii AN SSR (Moscow) , XXX : 121 – 129 . 128 – 129 .
  • Dilger , K. 1984 . “ Tendenzen der Rechtsentwicklung' ” . In Der Islam in der Gegenwart Edited by: Ende , W. and Steinbach , U. 170 – 197 . Munich Penal Islamic law includes five offences that leads to hadd-punishments : These were adultery (lino), defamation due to adultery (qadhf), consumption of alcohol (ahurb al-khamr), theft (sariqa) and highway robbery (oat'at-tariq). See
  • Lomakin , A. 1897 . Obychnoe pravo Turkmen (adat) 88 Ashkhabad see pp 186-197. See also: M.B. Durdyev, 'K voprosu o sootnoshenii shariata i adata v Turkmenskom prave v kontse XIX-nachale XX v., in Turkmenistan SSR Ylymlar Akademiiasynyng khabarlary jemgyetchllik Ylymlaiyng Seriiasy-Izvestiia Akademii Nauk Turkmenskot SSR, Seriia obshchestvennykh nauk, 1969, l, pp 18-25, p20
  • Khan , Cf. H.M. Fazil . 1981 . Tarikh-i-Manazili-Buhara 51 Srinagar 1813J)
  • Logpfet , D.N. 1911 . Bukharskoe Khanstvo pad russkim protektoratom 2 vols , 318 – 319 . St. Petersburg I
  • Logofet , D.I. 1909 . Strana bezprava. Bukharskoe khanstvo i ego sovremenhoe sostoianie 58 – 65 . St. Petersburg
  • Kisliakov , N.A. 1977 . Nasledovanie i razdel imushchestva u narodov SrednetAii i Kazakhstana (XIX-nachalo XX v.) Leningrad One of the most systematic studies about hereditary law and the division of property is:
  • Izraztsov , N. 1897 . Obychnoe pravo ("adat") Kirgizov semirechenskoi oblasti: semeînye soiuzy' . Etnograficheskoe obozrenie , 3 : 68 – 70 .
  • McChesney , R.D. 1996 . Central Asia: Foundations of Change 71 – 115 . Princeton , NJ About shrines in Central Asia and literature see:
  • Eitzen , cf. H. 1998 . 'Refiguring ethnicity through Kazak genealogies' . Nationalities Papers , 26 ( 3 ) : 443 Today it is even possible to observe that descentants of khojas face difficulties of identifying with nationalities with a prevailing tribal background. For example, residents of Almaty who are descentants of khojas do not believe themselves to be Kazakhs, although they had received die status of a Kazakh nationality in Soviet times (
  • Dzhabbarov , S. 1996 . Shariat, semetHoe i obychnoe pravo v Uzbekistane: istoriia i sovremennost' (opyt sotsial'no-pravovogo issledovaniia) 68 – 69 . Tashkent
  • Markov , G.E. 1990 . 'Les Sociétés traditionnelles d'Asie centrale' . CdMRS , XXXI ( 2-3 ) : 397 – 402 . Soviet historians and ethnographers tend to describe the Uzbeks of the 19th century as a sedentary people (e.g. In this way they identify the Turkic speaking Sarts as Uzbeks. This identification conceals the fact that many rural Uzbeks were tribesmen rather than subjects of the emir or khan in the middle of the 19th century
  • Abramzon , S.M. 1951, . 'Formy rodoplemenn oî organizatsii u kochevnikov Sredneî Azii' . Trudy Instiuta Etnografii , 14 : 132 – 156 . see p 141
  • Krader , L. 1963 . Social Organization of the Mongol-Turkic Nomads 205 – 206 . 369 – 370 . The Hague He generalized from his research on the Monguors of Kansu. There he found territorially located sibs among recently settled tribesmen who had lost tribal affiliations and kept exogamy within groupings sharing common patronymics (Ibid, pp 289-293). He did not sufficiently take into consideration that it was the Chinese Empire whose basic groups of communal commitments were sibs and which acculturated tribesmen on its borderlands. (About Chinese sibs and villages see: M. Granet, Die chinesische Zivilisation. Familie-Gesellschaft-Herrschaft.
  • 1988 . Von den Anfängen bis zur Kaiserzeit 19 – 40 . Frankfurt (1929J) As Kazakh and Kyrgyz tribesmen had to submit to Islamic states, commitment groups changed in a different way

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