References
- Akbarzadeh , Sh. 1996 . Why did nationalism fail in Tajikistan? . Europe-Asia Studies , 48 ( 7 ) : 1105 – 1129 .
- Alexander , C. and Buchli , V. 2007 . “ Introduction ” . In Urban life in post-Soviet Asia , Edited by: Alexander , C. , Buchli , V. and Humphrey , C. 1 – 39 . London : UCL Press .
- Amit-Talai , V. and Wulff , H. 1995 . Youth cultures. A cross-cultural perspective , Edited by: Amit-Talai , V. and Wulff , H. London : Routledge .
- Berger , P. L. 1999 . “ The desecularization of the world: a global overview ” . In The desecularization of the world: resurgent religion and world politics , Edited by: Berger , P. L. 1 – 18 . Michigan : Eerdmans Publishing Company .
- Bourdieu , P. 2000 . Das religiöse Feld: Texte zur Ökonomie des Heilsgeschehens , Konstanz : Universitäts-Verlag Konstanz .
- Brown , B. B. and Larson , R. W. 2002 . “ The kaleidoscope of adolescence: experiences of the world's youth at the beginning of the 21st century ” . In The world's youth. Adolescence in eight regions of the globe , Edited by: Brown , B. B. , Larson , R. W. and Saraswathi , T. S. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Brown , B. B. , Larson , R. W. and Saraswathi , T. S. 2002 . The world's youth. Adolescence in eight regions of the globe , Edited by: Brown , B. B. , Larson , R. W. and Saraswathi , T. S. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Capisani , G. R. 2000 . The handbook of Central Asia. A comprehensive survey of the new republics , London : Tauris .
- DeYoung , A. J. 2010 . Embracing globalization: university experiences among youth in contemporary Kyrgyzstan . Central Asian Survey , 29 ( 4 ) : 421 – 434 .
- Dracklè , D. 1996 . “ Kulturelle Repräsentationen von Jugend in der Ethnologie ” . In Jung und Wild. Zur kulturellen Konstruktion von Kindheit und Jugend , Edited by: Dracklè , D. 14 – 53 . Berlin : Reimer . Hamburger Beiträge zur öffentlichen Wissenschaft, 14
- Dragadze , T. 1993 . “ The domestication of religion under Soviet Communism ” . In Socialism: ideals, ideologies, and local practice , Edited by: Hann , C. 148 – 156 . London : Routledge .
- Dudoignon, S.A., 1998a. Communal solidarity and social conflicts in late 20th century Central Asia: the case of the Tajik civil war. Islamic Area Studies Working Paper 7. Tokyo: Islamic Area Studies Project
- Dudoignon , S. A. 1998b . “ Political parties and forces in Tajikistan, 1989–1993 ” . In Tajikistan: the trials of independence , Edited by: Djalili , M. R. , Grare , F. and Akiner , S. 52 – 85 . Richmond : St Martin's Press .
- Dudoignon , S. A. 2004 . “ From ambivalence to ambiguity ? Some paradigm of policy making in Tajikistan ” . In Tajikistan at a crossroad: the politics of decentralization Edited by: DeMartino , L. 120 – 151 . CIMERA situation report, January
- Eickelman , D. F. 1978 . The art of memory: Islamic education and its social reproduction . Comparative Studies in Society and History , 20 ( 4 ) : 485 – 516 .
- Eickelman , D. F. 1998 . The Middle East and Central Asia. An anthropological approach , Aufl : Prentice-Hall . 3
- Eickelman , D. F. and Salvatore , A. 2006 . Public Islam and the common good . Etnográfica , 10 ( 1 ) : 97 – 105 .
- Epkenhans , T. 2010 . “ Muslims without learning, clergy without faith. Institutions of Islamic learning in the Republic of Tajikistan ” . In Islamic education in the Soviet Union and its successor states , Edited by: Kemper , M. , Motika , R. and Reichmuth , S. 313 – 348 . Abingdon : Routledge .
- Fernea , E. W. 1995 . “ Family ” . In The Oxford encyclopedia of the modern Islamic world , Edited by: Esposito , J. L. 458 – 461 . Oxford : Oxford University Press . Vol. 1
- Forum 18 News Service, 3 September 2010. Available from: http://www.forum18.org/Archive.php?query=&religion=all&country=31&results=50
- Geertz , C. 1993 . The interpretation of cultures. Selected essays , New York : Basic Books .
- Göle , N. 2004 . “ Die sichtbare Präsenz des Islam und die Grenzen der Öffentlichkeit ” . In Islam in Sicht. Der Auftritt von Muslimen im öffentlichen Raum , Edited by: Göle , N. and Ammann , L. 11 – 44 . Bielefeld : Transcript .
- Harris , C. 2006 . Muslim youth. Tensions and traditions in Tajikistan , Boulder : Westview Press .
- Humphrey , C. 2002 . The unmaking of Soviet life. Everyday economics after socialism , Ithaca : Cornell University Press .
- Hunner-Kreisel , C. 2008 . Erziehung zum ‘wahren’ Muslim. Islamische Bildung in den Institutionen Aserbaidschans , Bielefeld : Transcript .
- Ibold , H. 2010 . Disjuncture 2.0: youth, Internet use and cultural identity in Bishkek . Central Asian Survey , 29 ( 4 ) : 521 – 535 .
- ICG (International Crisis Group) . 2003a . Radical Islam in Central Asia: responding to Hizb ut-tahrir , Osh : ICG . ICG report 58, 30 June
- ICG (International Crisis Group) . 2003b . Youth in Central Asia. Losing the new generation , Osh : ICG . ICG report 66, 31 October
- Kehl-Bodrogi, K., 2006. Islam contested: nation, religion, and tradition in post-Soviet Turkmenistan. In: C. Hann and the ‘Civil Religion’ Group. The postsocialist religious question. Faith and power in Central Asia and East-Central Europe. Halle Studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia, 11. Münster: LIT, 125–146
- Khalid , A. 1998 . The politics of Muslim cultural reform. Jadidism in Central Asia , Berkeley : University of California Press .
- Khosravi , sh. 2008 . Young and defiant in Tehran , Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press .
- Kirmse , S. B. 2010 . In the marketplace for styles and identities: globalization and youth culture in southern Kyrgyzstan . Central Asian Survey , 29 ( 4 ) : 389 – 403 .
- Krämer, A., 2002. Geistliche Autorität und islamische Gesellschaften im Wandel. Studien über Frauenälteste (otin und xalfa) im unabhängigen Usbekistan. Islamkundliche Untersuchungen, 246. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz
- Kuddusov , J. 2004 . Migration problems in Tajikistan . Central Asia and the Caucasus , 3 ( 27 ) : 86 – 90 .
- Landau , J. M. 1986 . “ Kuttāb ” . In The encyclopaedia of Islam , 567 – 570 . Leiden : Brill . 5
- Louw , M. E. 2007 . Everyday Islam in post-Soviet Central Asia , London : Routledge .
- McBrien , J. 2006 . “ Extreme conversations: secularism, religious pluralism, and the rhetoric of Islamic extremism in Southern Kyrgyzstan ” . In The postsocialist religious question. Faith and power in Central Asia and East-Central Europe , Edited by: Hann , C. and ‘Civil Religion’ Group . 47 – 73 . Münster : LIT . Halle Studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia, 11
- McBrien, J., 2009. Muqada's struggle: veils and modernity in Kyrgyzstan. Islam, Politics, Anthropology. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. Special issue, 127–144
- Medlin , W. K. , Cave , W. M. and Carpenter , F. 1971 . Education and development in Central Asia. A case study on social change in Uzbekistan , Leiden : Brill .
- Navaro-Yashin , Y. 2002 . “ The market for identities: secularism, Islamism, commodities ” . In Fragments of culture. The everyday of modern Turkey , Edited by: Kandiyoti , D. and Saktanber , A. 221 – 253 . London and New York : Rutgers University Press .
- Niyazi , A. 1994 . “ Tajikistan ” . In Central Asia and the Caucasus after the Soviet Union. Domestic and international dynamics , Edited by: Mesbahi , M. 164 – 190 . Gainesville : University Press of Florida .
- Niyazi , A. 1999 . “ Islam and Tajikistan's human and ecological crisis ” . In Civil society in Central Asia , Edited by: Ruffin , H. and Waugh , D. C. 180 – 197 . Seattle and London : Center for Civil Society International .
- Olimova, S., 2005. The current state of religious education in Tajikistan: an overview of the situation with recommendations. In: J.N. Bitter et al., eds. From confidence building towards co-operative co-existence. The Tajik experiment of Islamic-secular dialogue. Demokratie, Sicherheit, Frieden 172. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 239–254
- Pfluger-Schindlbeck, I., 1989. ‘Achte die Älteren, liebe die Jüngeren’. Sozialisation türkisch-alevitischer Kinder im Heimatland und in der Migration. Athenäums Monografien: Sozialwissenschaften, 34. Frankfurt am Main: Athenäum
- Pusch , B. 1999 . “ Schleierhafter Protest? Zur Kopftuchdebatte in der Türkei ” . In Der neue Islam der Frauen. Weibliche Lebenspraxis in der globalisierten Moderne. Fallstudien aus Afrika, Asien und Europa , Edited by: Klein-Hessling , R. , Nökel , S. and Werner , K. 147 – 174 . Bielefeld : Transcript .
- Rahnamo, A.H., 25 April 2004. Islam in Tajikistan. Interview in Religioscope. Available from: http://religion.info/english/interview/printer_34.shtml [Accessed 3 November 2004]
- Rasanayagam, J., 2006. ‘I am not a Wahhabi’: state power and Muslim orthodoxy in Uzbekistan. In: C. Hann and the ‘Civil Religion’ Group. The postsocialist religious question. Faith and power in Central Asia and East-Central Europe. Halle Studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia, 11. Münster: LIT, 99–124
- Roche, S., 2010. Domesticating youth. The youth bulge in post-civil war Tajikistan. Unpublished dissertation, Halle/Wittenberg: Martin Luther Universität
- Shahrani , N. M. 1991 . “ Local knowledge of Islam and social discourse in Afghanistan and Turkistan in the modern period ” . In Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective , Edited by: Canfield , R. L. 161 – 188 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Shorish , M. M. 1986 . “ Traditional Islamic education in Central Asia Prior to 1917 ” . In Turco-Tatar past and Soviet present. Studies presented to Alexandre Bennigsen , Edited by: Lemercier-Quelquejay , Ch. , Veinstein , G. and Wimbush , S. E. 317 – 343 . Paris : EHESS .
- Stephan, M., 2006.‘You come to us like a black cloud': universal versus local Islam in Tajikistan. In: C. Hann and the ‘Civil Religion’ Group. The postsocialist religious question: faith and power in Central Asia and East-Central Europe. Halle Studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia, 11. Münster: LIT, 147–167
- Stephan , M. 2010 . Das Bedürfnis nach Ausgewogenheit. Moralerziehung, Islam und Muslimsein in Tadschikistan zwischen Säkularisierung und religiöser Rückbesinnung , Würzburg : Ergon .
- Straube , H. 2002 . Reifung und Reife. Eine ethnologische Studie in einem sunnitischen Dorf der Westtürkei , Berlin : Reimer .
- Tapper , N. 1990 . “ Ziyoret: gender, movement, and exchange in a Turkish community ” . In Muslim travellers: pilgrimage, migration, and the religious imagination , Edited by: Eickelman , D. F. and Piscatori , J. 236 – 255 . London : University of California Press .
- Tazmini , Gh. 2001 . The Islamic revival in Central Asia: a potent force or a misconception? . Central Asian Survey , 20 ( 1 ) : 63 – 83 .
- Tokhtakhodzhaeva , M. 2007 . “ Tashkent: three capitals, three worlds ” . In Urban life in post-Soviet Asia , Edited by: Alexander , C. , Buchli , V. and Humphrey , C. 102 – 124 . London : Routledge .
- Waldman , M. R. 1986 . Tradition as a modality of chance: Islamic examples . History of Religions , 25 ( 4 ) : 318 – 340 .
- Watson , H. 1994 . “ Women and the veil. Personal responses to global processes ” . In Islam, globalization and postmodernity , Edited by: Ahmad , A. S. and Donnan , H. 141 – 159 . London : Routledge .
- White , J. 2002 . Islamist mobilization in Turkey. A study in vernacular politics , Seattle : University of Washington Press .
- Wulff , H. 1995 . “ Introduction: introducing youth cultures in its own right: the state of art and new possibilities ” . In Youth cultures. A cross-cultural perspective , Edited by: Amit-Talai , V. and Wulff , H. 1 – 18 . London : Routledge .
- Zinnecker , J. 1991 . “ Jugend als Bildungsmoratorium. Zur Theorie des Wandels der Jugendphase in west- und osteuropäischen Gesellschaften ” . In Osteuropäische Jugend im Wandel , Edited by: Melzer , W. , Heitmeyer , W. , Liegle , L. and Zinnecker , J. 9 – 25 . München : Juventa .