The acquisition of integrated science process skills in a web‐based learning environment

References

• Adey P Shayer M Yates C (1995) Thinking science: the materials of the CASE project (2nd edn) (London, Nelson)
   Google Scholar
• Almekinders , R , Thijs , G and Lubben , F . (1998) . Development of procedural understanding among South African science students at pre‐tertiary education level . Journal of Biology Education , 33 (1) : 33 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , JR . (1982) . Acquisition of cognitive skills . Psychological Review , 89 : 369 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blundell C (1994) Computer‐assisted, cognitive apprenticeship in mineral identification http://www.redlands.qld.edu.au/eartnsci/CALReport.html (accessed 20 July 2000)
   Google Scholar
• Brotherton , PN and Preece , PFW . (1995) . Science process skills: their nature and interrelationships . Research in Science and Technological Education , 13 (1) : 5 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Case , R . (1975) . Gearing the demands of instruction to the developmental capacities of the learner . Review of Educational Research , 45 (1) : 58 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eilam , B . (2002) . Phases of learning: ninth graders’ skill acquisition . Research in Science and Technological Education , 20 (1) : 5 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• FOSS (2000) Teacher guide: variables (Nashua, NH, Delta Education)
   Google Scholar
• Gagne RM (1965) The psychological basis of science—a process approach AAAS Miscellaneous Publication 65 68
   Google Scholar
• Harlen , W . (1999) . Purposes and procedures for assessing science process skills . Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice , 6 (1) : 129 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Harlen W (2000) Teaching, learning and assessing science 5–12 (3rd edn) (London, Paul Chapman)
   Google Scholar
• Huppert , J , Lomask , S and Lazarowitz , R . (2002) . Computer simulations in high school: students’ cognitive stages, science process skills and academic achievement in microbiology . International Journal of Science Education , 24 (8) : 803 – 821 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson R (1997) How can computers be used to promote metacognition in primary school students? Doctoral dissertation, Monash University
   Google Scholar
• Khan BH (1997) Web‐based instruction (New Jersey, Educational Technology Publications)
   Google Scholar
• Klahr D Chen Z Toth EE (1999) From cognition to instruction to cognition: a case study in elementary school science instruction in: K. Crowley, C. D. Schunn & T. Okada (Eds) Designing for science: implications from professional, instructional, and everyday science (Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum)
   Google Scholar
• Kulik , CC and Kulik , JA . (1991) . Effectiveness of computer‐based instruction: an updated ­analysis . Computers in Human Behaviour , 7 : 75 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson , AE , Blake , AJD and Nordland , FH . (1975) . Training effects and generalization of the ability to control variables in high school biology students . Science Education , 59 (3) : 387 – 396 .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarowitz , R and Huppert , J . (1993) . Science process skills of 10th‐grade biology students in a computer‐assisted learning setting . Journal of Research on Computing in Education , 25 (3) : 367 – 382 .
   Google Scholar
• Lunetta , V and Hofstein , A . (1981) . Simulation in science education . Science Education , 65 (3) : 243 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Marks , G . (1982) . Computer simulations in science teaching: an introduction . Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching , 1 (4) : 18 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Merriam S (1998) Qualitative research and case study applications in education: revised and expanded from case study research in education (California, Jossey‐Bass)
   Google Scholar
• Millar , R and Driver , R . (1987) . Beyond process . Studies in Science Education , 14 : 33 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Nakhleh , MB and Krajcik , JS . (1993) . A protocol analysis of the influence of technology on students’ actions, verbal commentary, and thought processes during the performance of acid–base titrations . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 30 (9) : 1149 – 1168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemiec , R and Walberg , HJ . (1987) . Comparative effects of computer‐assisted instruction: a synthesis of reviews . Journal of Educational Computing Research , 3 (1) : 19 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alias Nor Aziah Jamaludin Haziah Ismail Salemah Rosmawati Abdul Halim (1998) Faktor ransangan yang mempengaruhi minat belajar pelajar sekolah menengah dalam mata pelajaran sains: Kajian terhadap penggunaan ciri (facet) utama teknologi WWW (World Wide Web) [The effect of stimulus on secondary students’ motivation in learning science: a study of the main facet of the WWW]. PIER Research Project No. KP(BPPP)2/44. Jld. XXI(65)6000‐BRC/PIER/5/4 (Shah Alam, Pusat Sains, MARA Institute of Technology)
   Google Scholar
• Atan Ramli (1994) The effects of a special tutoring program on the achievement of form 4 and form 5 secondary school students with respect to the acquisition of integrated science process skills M.Ed. thesis, University of Houston, Texas
   Google Scholar
• Ramsey , GA and Howe , RW . (1969) . An analysis of research related to instructional procedures in elementary school science . Science and Children , 6 (7) : 25 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Reigeluth CM (1999) What is instructional‐design theory and how is it changing? in: C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.) Instructional theories and models: a new paradigm of instructional theory II (Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) 5 29
   Google Scholar
• Relan A Gillani BB (1997) Web‐based instruction and the traditional classroom: similarities and differences in: D. H. Khan (Ed.) Web‐based instruction Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ, Educational Technology Publications) 41 46
   Google Scholar
• Saat Rohaida Mohd (2001) SPicE project: web‐based instruction in acquiring science process skills in: C. Montgomery & J. Vitelli (Eds) Proceedings of the International Conference ‘ED‐Media: World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications’ (Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education), 1339 1340
   Google Scholar
• Mohd Satt Rohaida (2003) Learning primary science in a web‐based learning environment Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
   Google Scholar
• Saat Rohaida Mohd Abu Bakar Kamariah (2000) Development of a web‐based instruction for primary school: SPicE Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and ICT in the New Millennium (Serdang, Universiti Putra Malaysia), 164 185
   Google Scholar
• Screen P (1986) Warwick process science. Section one: controlling variables (Hampshire, Ashford Press)
   Google Scholar
• Settlage , JJ . (1995) . Children’s conceptions of light in the context of a technology‐based curriculum . Science Education , 79 (5) : 535 – 553 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shayer M Adey P (1981) Towards a science of science teaching: cognitive development and curriculum demand (Oxford, Heinemann)
   Google Scholar
• Shuell , TJ . (1990) . Phases of meaningful learning . Review of Educational Research , 60 : 531 – 547 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss AL Corbin J (1990) Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and ­techniques (Thousand Oaks, Sage)
   Google Scholar