363
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Papers

Gross cycling efficiency is not altered with and without toe-clips

, &
Pages 47-55 | Accepted 12 Mar 2007, Published online: 20 May 2008

References

  • American College of Sports Medicine . 2000 . “ Appendix D: Metabolic calculations ” . In ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription , Edited by: Franklin , B. A. , Whaley , M. H. and Howley , E. T. 300 – 312 . Philadelphia, PA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins .
  • Åstrand , P. -O. and Rodahl , K. 1977 . “ Evaluation of physical work capacity on the basis of tests ” . In Textbook of work physiology , Edited by: Åstrand , P. -O. and Rodahl , K. 333 – 365 . New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Batterham , A. M. and Hopkins , W. G. 2006 . Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes . International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance , 1 : 50 – 57 .
  • Begemann-Meijer , M. J. and Binkhorst , R. A. 1989 . The effect of posture on the responses to cycle ergometer exercise . Ergonomics , 32 : 639 – 643 .
  • Borg , G. 1970 . Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress . Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine , 2 : 92 – 98 .
  • Consolazio , C. F. , Nelson , R. A. , Matoush , L. R. and Hansen , J. E. 1966 . Energy metabolism at high altitude (3,475 m) . Journal of Applied Physiology , 21 : 1732 – 1740 .
  • Elia , M. and Livesey , G. 1992 . “ Energy expenditure and fuel selection in biological systems: The theory and practice of calculation based on indirect calorimetry and tracer methods ” . In Metabolic control of eating, energy expenditure and the bioenergetics of obesity: World review of nutrition and dietetics , Edited by: Simopolous , A. P. 68 – 131 . Basel : Karger .
  • Gaesser , G. A. and Brooks , G. A. 1975 . Muscular efficiency during steady-rate exercise: Effects of speed and work rate . Journal of Applied Physiology , 38 : 1132 – 1139 .
  • Gore , C. J. , Hahn , A. G. , Aughey , R. J. , Martin , D. T. , Ashenden , M. J. Clark , S. A. 2001 . Live high:train low increases muscle buffer capacity and submaximal cycling efficiency . Acta Physiologica Scandinavica , 173 : 275 – 286 .
  • Grassi , B. , Marzorati , M. , Kayser , B. , Bordini , M. , Colombini , A. Conti , M. 1996 . Peak blood lactate and blood lactate vs. workload during acclimatization to 5,050 m and in deacclimatization . Journal of Applied Physiology , 80 : 685 – 692 .
  • Green , H. J. , Roy , B. , Grant , S. , Hughson , R. , Burnett , M. Otto , C. 2000 . Increases in submaximal cycling efficiency mediated by altitude acclimatization . Journal of Applied Physiology , 89 : 1189 – 1197 .
  • Gunn , S. M. , Brooks , A. G. , Withers , R. T. , Gore , C. J. , Owen , N. Booth , M. L. 2002 . Determining energy expenditure during some household and garden tasks . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 34 : 895 – 902 .
  • Heil , D. P. , Derrick , T. R. and Whittlesey , S. 1997 . The relationship between preferred and optimal positioning during submaximal cycle ergometry . European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology , 75 : 160 – 165 .
  • Hochachka , P. W. 1988 . The lactate paradox: Analysis of underlying mechanisms . Annals of Sports Medicine , 4 : 184 – 188 .
  • Hochachka , P. W. , Stanley , C. , Matheson , G. O. , McKenzie , D. C. , Allen , P. S. and Parkhouse , W. S. 1991 . Metabolic and work efficiencies during exercise in Andean natives . Journal of Applied Physiology , 70 : 1720 – 1730 .
  • Hopkins , W. G. 2000 . Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science . Sports Medicine , 30 : 1 – 15 .
  • Hopkins , W. G. 2001 . What determines sample size? (available at: http://sportsci.org/resource/stats/ssdetermine.html)
  • Hopkins , W. G. 2002 . Calculations for reliability (available at: http://sportsci.org/resource/stats/relycalc.html)
  • Hopkins , W. G. 2003 . A spreadsheet for analysis of straightforward controlled trials . Sportscience , 7 (available at: www.sportsci.org/jour/03/wghtrials.htm)
  • Houston , C. S. , Sutton , J. R. , Cymerman , A. and Reeves , J. T. 1987 . Operation Everest II: Man at extreme altitude . Journal of Applied Physiology , 63 : 877 – 882 .
  • Katayama , K. , Matsuo , H. , Ishida , K. , Mori , S. and Miyamura , M. 2003 . Intermittent hypoxia improves endurance performance and submaximal efficiency . High Altitude Medicine and Biology , 4 : 291 – 304 .
  • Katayama , K. , Sato , K. , Matsuo , H. , Ishida , K. , Iwasaki , K. and Miyamura , M. 2004 . Effect of intermittent hypoxia on oxygen uptake during submaximal exercise in endurance athletes . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 92 : 75 – 83 .
  • Klausen , K. , Dill , D. B. and Horvath , S. M. 1970 . Exercise at ambient and high oxygen pressure at high altitude and at sea level . Journal of Applied Physiologyl , 29 : 456 – 463 .
  • Levine , B. D. and Stray-Gundersen , J. 1997 . “Living high – training low”: Effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low altitude training on performance . Journal of Applied Physiology , 83 : 102 – 112 .
  • Lundby , C. , Calbet , J. A. , Sander , M. , van Hall , G. , Mazzeo , R. S. Stray-Gundersen , J. 2007 . Exercise economy does not change after acclimatization to moderate to very high altitude . Scandinavian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sports , 17 : 281 – 291 .
  • Lundby , C. , Calbet , J. A. , van Hall , G. , Saltin , B. and Sander , M. 2004 . Pulmonary gas exchange at maximal exercise in Danish lowlanders during 8 wk of acclimatization to 4,100 m and in high-altitude Aymara natives . American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology , 287 : R1202 – R1208 .
  • MacDonald , M. J. , Green , H. J. , Naylor , H. L. , Otto , C. and Hughson , R. L. 2001 . Reduced oxygen uptake during steady state exercise after 21-day mountain climbing expedition to 6,194 m . Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology , 26 : 143 – 156 .
  • Marconi , C. , Marzorati , M. , Sciuto , D. , Ferri , A. and Cerretelli , P. 2005 . Economy of locomotion in high-altitude Tibetan migrants exposed to normoxia . Journal of Physiology , 569 : 667 – 675 .
  • Moseley , L. , Achten , J. , Martin , J. C. and Jeukendrup , A. E. 2004 . No differences in cycling efficiency between world-class and recreational cyclists . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 25 : 374 – 379 .
  • Moseley , L. and Jeukendrup , A. E. 2001 . The reliability of cycling efficiency . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 33 : 621 – 627 .
  • Neya , M. , Enoki , T. , Kumai , Y. , Sugoh , T. and Kawahara , T. 2007 . The effects of nightly normobaric hypoxia and high intensity training under intermittent normobaric hypoxia on running economy and hemoglobin mass . Journal of Applied Physiology , available online at http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/search?sortspec=elevance&author1=neya&fulltext=&pubdate_year=2007&volume=&firstpage=
  • Nordeen-Snyder , K. S. 1977 . The effect of bicycle seat height variation upon oxygen consumption and lower limb kinematics . Medicine and Science in Sports , 9 : 113 – 117 .
  • Poole , D. C. , Barstow , T. J. , Gaesser , G. A. , Willis , W. T. and Whipp , B. J. 1994 . [Vdot]O2 slow component: Physiological and functional significance . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 26 : 1354 – 1358 .
  • Pugh , L. G. C. E. , Gill , M. B. , Lahiri , S. , Milledge , J. S. , Ward , M. P. and West , J. B. 1964 . Muscular exercise at great altitudes . Journal of Applied Physiology , 19 : 431 – 440 .
  • Saunders , P. U. , Telford , R. D. , Pyne , D. B. , Cunningham , R. B. , Gore , C. J. Hahn , A. G. 2004 . Improved running economy in elite runners after 20 days of moderate simulated altitude exposure . Journal of Applied Physiology , 96 : 931 – 937 .
  • Schmitt , L. , Millet , G. , Robach , P. , Nicolet , G. , Brugniaux , J. V. Fouillot , J. P. 2006 . Influence of “living high – training low” on aerobic performance and economy of work in elite athletes . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 97 : 627 – 636 .
  • Sutton , J. R. , Reeves , J. T. , Wagner , P. D. , Groves , B. M. , Cymerman , A. Malconian , M. K. 1988 . Operation Everest II: Oxygen transport during exercise at extreme simulated altitude . Journal of Applied Physiology , 64 : 1309 – 1321 .
  • Swain , D. P. 2000 . Energy cost calculations for exercise prescription: An update . Sports Medicine , 30 : 17 – 22 .
  • Vincent , W. J. 2005 . “ Analysis of variance with repeated measures ” . In Statistics in kinesiology , Edited by: Vincent , W. J. 184 – 200 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
  • West , J. B. , Boyer , S. J. , Graber , D. J. , Hackett , P. H. , Maret , K. H. Milledge , J. S. 1983 . Maximal exercise at extreme altitudes on Mount Everest . Journal of Applied Physiology , 55 : 688 – 698 .
  • Wolfel , E. E. , Groves , B. M. , Brooks , G. A. , Butterfield , G. E. , Mazzeo , R. S. Moore , L. G. 1991 . Oxygen transport during steady-state submaximal exercise in chronic hypoxia . Journal of Applied Physiology , 70 : 1129 – 1136 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.