References
- Anantaraman , R. , Carmines , A. A. , Gaesser , G. A. and Weltman , A. 1995 . Effects of carbohydrate supplementation on performance during 1 hour of high intensity exercise . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 16 : 461 – 465 .
- Angus , D. J. , Hargreaves , M. , Dancey , J. and Febrraio , M. 2000 . Effect of carbohydrate or carbohydrate plus medium-chain triglycerides on cycling time trial performance . Journal of Applied Physiology , 88 : 113 – 119 .
- Below , P. R. , Mora-Rodriguez , R. , Gonzalez-Alonso , J. and Coyle , E. F. 1995 . Fluid and carbohydrate ingestion independently improve performance during 1 h of intense exercise . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 27 : 200 – 210 .
- Chinevere , T. D. , Sawyer , R. D. , Creer , A. R. , Conlee , R. K. and Parcell , A. C. 2002 . Effects of l-tyrosine and carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance . Journal of Applied Physiology , 93 : 1590 – 1597 .
- Coggan , A. R. and Coyle , E. F. 1991 . Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise: Effects on metabolism and performance . Exercise and Sport Sciences Review , 19 : 1 – 40 .
- Cox , G. R. , Desbrow , B. , Montgomery , P. G. , Anderson , M. E. , Bruce , C. R. Macrides , T. A. 2000 . Effect of different protocols of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance . Journal of Applied Physiology , 93 : 990 – 999 .
- Coyle , E. F. 1992 . Carbohydrate feedings during exercise . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 13 ( suppl. ) : S126 – S128 .
- Davis , J. M. , Welsh , R. S. , De Volve , K. L. and Alderson , N. A. 1999 . Effects of branched-chain amino acids and carbohydrate on fatigue during intermittent, high-intensity running . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 20 : 309 – 314 .
- El-Sayed , M. S. , Balmer , J. and Rattu , A. J. 1997 . Carbohydrate ingestion improved endurance performance during a 1-h simulated cycling time trial . Journal of Sports Sciences , 15 : 223 – 230 .
- Febbraio , M. A. , Chiu , A. , Angus , D. J. , Arkenstall , M. J. and Hawley , J. A. 2000 . Effects of carbohydrate ingestion before and during exercise on glucose kinetics and performance . Journal of Applied Physiology , 89 : 2220 – 2226 .
- Fritzsche , R. G. , Switzer , T. W. , Hodgkinson , B. J. , Lee , S. H. , Martin , J. C. and Coyle , E. F. 2000 . Water and carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise increase maximal neuromuscular power . Journal of Applied Physiology , 88 : 730 – 737 .
- Hickey , M. S. , Costill , D. L. , McConell , G. K. , Widrick , J. J. and Tanaka , H. 1992 . Day to day variation in time trial cycling performance . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 13 : 467 – 470 .
- Horowitz , J. F. , Mora-Rodriguez , R. , Byerley , L. O. and Coyle , E. F. 2000 . Pre-exercise medium-chain triglyceride ingestion does not alter muscle glycogen use during exercise . Journal of Applied Physiology , 88 : 219 – 225 .
- Ivy , J. L. , Res , P. T. , Sprague , R. C. and Widzer , M. O. 2003 . Effect of a carbohydrate – protein supplement on endurance performance during exercise of varying intensity . International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism , 13 : 382 – 395 .
- Jentjens , R. L. , Achten , J. and Jeukendrup , A. E. 2004 . High oxidation rates from combined carbohydrates ingested during exercise . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 36 : 1551 – 1558 .
- Jeukendrup , A. , Brouns , F. , Wagenmakers , A. J. and Saris , W. H. 1997 . Carbohydrate-electrolyte feedings improve 1 h time trial cycling performance . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 18 : 125 – 129 .
- Jeukendrup , A. E. and Jentjens , R. 2000 . Oxidation of carbohydrate feedings during prolonged exercise: Current thoughts, guidelines and directions for future research . Sports Medicine , 29 : 407 – 424 .
- Jeukendrup , A. , Saris , W. H. , Brouns , F. and Kenster , A. D. 1996 . A new validated endurance performance test . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 28 : 266 – 270 .
- Krebs , P. S. and Powers , S. K. 1989 . Reliability of laboratory endurance tests . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 31 : S10
- Madsen , K. , MacLean , D. A. , Keines , B. and Cristensen , D. 1996 . Effects of glucose, glucose plus branched-chain amino acids, or placebo on bike performance over 100 km . Journal of Applied Physiology , 81 : 2644 – 2650 .
- Murray , R. , Bartoli , W. , Stofan , J. , Horn , M. and Eddy , D. 1999 . A comparison of the gastric emptying characteristics of selected sports drinks . International Journal of Sport Nutrition , 9 : 263 – 274 .
- Nybo , L. , Dalsgaard , M. K. , Steenberg , A. , Moller , K. and Secher , N. H. 2005 . Cerebral ammonia uptake and accumulation during prolonged exercise in humans . Journal of Physiology , 563 : 285 – 290 .
- Saunders , M. J. , Kane , M. D. and Todd , M. K. 2004 . Effects of a carbohydrate – protein beverage on cycling endurance and muscle damage . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 36 : 1233 – 1238 .
- Sawka , M. N. , Burke , L. M. , Eichner , E. R. , Maughan , R. J. , Montain , S. J. and Stachenfeld , N. S. 2007 . American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Exercise and fluid replacement . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 39 : 377 – 390 .
- Van Essen , M. and Gibala , M. J. 2006 . Failure of protein to improve time trial performance when added to a sports drink . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 38 : 1476 – 1483 .
- Watson , P. , Shirreffs , S. M. and Maughan , R. 2004 . The effect of acute branched-chain amino acid supplementation on prolonged exercise capacity in a warm environment . European Journal of Applied Physiology , 93 : 306 – 314 .