Normalization effect of sports training on blood pressure in hypertensives

References

• Acheson , R. M. 1973 . Blood pressure in a national sample of U.S. adults: Percentile distribution by age, sex and race . International Journal of Epidemiology , 2 : 293 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antal , M. , Regöly-Mérei , A. , Nagy , K. , Greiner , E. , Biró , L. Domonkos , A. 2004 . Representative study for the evaluation of age- and gender-specific anthropometric parameters and blood pressure in an adolescent Hungarian population . Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism , 48 : 307 – 313 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , A. D. , Brechtel-Hook , G. , Johnson , A. and Hardin , D. 1993 . Skeletal muscle blood flow: Apossible link between insulin resistance and blood pressure . Hypertension , 21 : 129 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorntorp , P. 1987 . Effects of physical training on blood pressure in hypertension . European Heart Journal , 8 : 71 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonora , E. , Formentini , G. , Calcaterra , F. , Lombardi , S. , Marini , F. Zenari , L. 2002 . HOMA-estimated insulin resistance is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects: Prospective data from the Verona Diabetes Complications Study . Diabetes Care , 25 : 1135 – 1141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonora , E. , Targher , G. , Alberiche , M. , Bonadonna , R. C. , Saggiani , F. Zenere , M. B. 2000 . Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: Studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity . Diabetes Care , 23 : 57 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook , N. R. , Gillman , M. W. , Rosner , B. A. , Taylor , J. O. and Hennekens , C. H. 1997 . Prediction of young adult blood pressure from childhood blood pressure, height, and weight . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 50 : 571 – 579 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , K. L. , Burke , V. , Beilin , L. J. , Grove , J. R. , Blanksby , B. A. and Puddey , I. B. 2006 . Blood pressure rise with swimming versus walking in older women: The Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial 2 (SWEAT 2) . Journal of Hypertension , 24 : 307 – 314 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , K. L. , Burke , V. , Morton , A. R. , Gillam , H. F. , Beilin , L. J. and Puddey , I. B. 2001 . Long-term effects of exercise on blood pressure and lipids in healthy women aged 40–65 years: The Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial (SWEAT) . Journal of Hypertension , 19 : 1733 – 1743 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , K. L. , Puddey , I. B. , Morton , A. R. , Burke , V. , Beilin , L. J. and McAleer , M. 1996 . Exercise and weight control in sedentary overweight men: Effects on clinic and ambulatory blood pressure . Journal of Hypertension , 14 : 779 – 790 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisbee , J. C. 2005 . Hypertension-independent microvascular rarefaction in the obese Zucker rat model of the metabolic syndrome . Microcirculation , 12 : 383 – 392 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagberg , J. M. and Brown , M. D. 1995 . Does exercise training play a role in the treatment of essential hypertension? . Journal of Cardiovascular Risk , 2 : 296 – 302 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamburg , N. M. , McMackin , C. J. , Huang , A. L. , Shenouda , S. M. , Widlansky , M. E. Schulz , E. 2007 . Physical inactivity rapidly induces insulin resistance and microvascular dysfunction in healthy volunteers . Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , 27 : 2650 – 2656 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , H. S. , Froberg , K. , Hyldebrandt , N. and Nielsen , J. R. 1991 . A controlled study of eight months of physical training and reduction of blood pressure in children: The Odense schoolchild study . British Medical Journal , 303 : 682 – 685 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho , C. T. , Su , C. L. , Liou , Y. F. , Lee , S. D. , Chien , K. Y. Chen , M. T. 2008 . Aging effects on glycemic control and inflammation for politicians in Taiwan . Chinese Journal of Physiology , 51 : 402 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh , P. S. , Cheng , W. T. , Liu , T. T. , Loh , C. H. and Chang , B. C. 2007 . Diminution of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pressor effect under hyperinsulinemic condition in normal and fructose-induced insulin resistant rats . Chinese Journal of Physiology , 50 : 99 – 104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu , T. H. , Lee , S. D. , Fang , C. L. , Lee , J. P. , Chen , F. T. Huang , Y. J. 2008 . Age-dependent increase in insulinemia under glucose challenge is suppressed in early middle-aged females . Chinese Journal of Physiology , 51 : 263 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwu , C. M. , Hsiao , C. F. , Kuo , S. W. , Wu , K. D. , Ting , C. T. Quertermous , T. 2004 . Physical inactivity is an important lifestyle determinant of insulin resistance in hypertensive patients . Blood Pressure , 13 : 355 – 361 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa , K. , Ohta , T. , Zhang , J. , Hashimoto , S. and Tanaka , H. 1999 . Influence of age and gender on exercise training-induced blood pressure reduction in systemic hypertension . American Journal of Cardiology , 84 : 192 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings , G. , Nelson , L. , Korner , P. and Esler , M. 1987 . The place of exercise in the long-term treatment of hypertension . Nephron , 47 : 30 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone , M. T. , Creager , S. J. , Scales , K. M. , Cusco , J. A. , Lee , B. K. and Creager , M. A. 1993 . Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . Circulation , 88 : 2510 – 2516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonk , A. M. , Houben , A. J. HM. , de Jongh , R. T. , Serne , E. H. , Schaper , N. C. and Stehouwer , C. D. A. 2007 . Microvascular dysfunction in obesity: A potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated insulin resistance and hypertension . Physiology , 22 : 252 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanauchi , M. , Yamano , S. , Kanauchi , K. and Saito , Y. 2003 . Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and oral glucose insulin sensitivity index in nonobese, nondiabetic subjects with high-normal blood pressure . Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , 88 : 3444 – 3446 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley , G. A. , Kelley , K. S. and Tran , Z. V. 2003 . The effects of exercise on resting blood pressure in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Preventive Cardiology , 6 : 8 – 16 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kingwell , B. A. , Formosa , M. , Muhlmann , M. , Bradley , S. J. and McConell , G. K. 2003 . Type 2 diabetic individuals have impaired leg blood flow responses to exercise: Role of endothelium-dependent vasodilation . Diabetes Care , 26 : 899 – 904 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laakso , M. , Edelman , S. V. , Brechtel , G. and Baron , A. D. 1992 . Impaired insulin-mediated skeletal muscle blood flow in patients with NIDDM . Diabetes , 41 : 1076 – 1083 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauer , R. M. and Clarke , W. R. 1989 . Childhood risk factors for high adult blood pressure: The Muscatine Study . Pediatrics , 84 : 633 – 641 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lissner , L. , Bengtsson , C. , Lapidus , L. , Kristjansson , K. and Wedel , H. 1992 . Fasting insulin in relation to subsequent blood pressure changes and hypertension in women . Hypertension , 20 : 797 – 801 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , T. C. , Liu , Y. Y. , Lee , S. D. , Huang , C. Y. , Chien , K. Y. Cheng , I. S. 2008 . Effects of short-term detraining on measures of obesity and glucose tolerance in elite athletes . Journal of Sports Sciences , 26 : 919 – 925 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyamatsu , N. , Kadowaki , T. , Okamura , T. , Hayakawa , T. , Kita , Y. Okayama , A. 2005 . Different effects of blood pressure on mortality from stroke subtypes depending on BMI levels: A 19-year cohort study in the Japanese general population – NIPPON DATA80 . Journal of Human Hypertension , 19 : 285 – 291 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , M. H. , Murtagh , E. M. , Boreham , C. A. , Hare , L. G. and Nevill , A. M. 2006 . The effect of a worksite based walking programme on cardiovascular risk in previously sedentary civil servants . BMC Public Health , 6 : 136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nassis , G. P. , Papantakou , K. , Skenderi , K. , Triandafillopoulou , M. , Kavouras , S. A. Yannakoulia , M. 2005 . Aerobic exercise training improves insulin sensitivity without changes in body weight, body fat, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese girls . Metabolism , 54 : 1472 – 1479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reaven , G. M. 1988 . Role of insulin resistance in human disease . Diabetes , 37 : 1595 – 1607 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez-Bayle , M. , Munoz-Fernandez , M. T. and Gonzalez-Requejo , A. 1999 . A longitudinal study of blood pressure in Spanish schoolchildren . Archives of Disease in Childhood , 81 : 169 – 171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skarfors , E. T. , Lithell , H. O. and Selinus , I. 1991 . Risk factors for the development of hypertension: A 10-year longitudinal study in middle-aged men . Journal of Hypertension , 9 : 217 – 223 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taittonen , L. , Uhari , M. , Nuutinen , M. , Turtinen , J. , Pokka , T. and Akerblom , H. K. 1996 . Insulin and blood pressure among healthy children: Cardiovascular risk in young Finns . American Journal of Hypertension , 9 : 194 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usui , I. , Fujisaka , S. , Yamazaki , K. , Takano , A. , Murakami , S. Yamazaki , Y. 2007 . Telmisartan reduced blood pressure and HOMA-IR with increasing plasma leptin level in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients . Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice , 77 : 210 – 214 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Haeften , T. W. 1998 . Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and the homeostasis model assessment method . Diabetes Care , 21 : 673 – 674 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasdev , S. , Gill , V. and Singal , P. 2007 . Role of advanced glycation end products in hypertension and atherosclerosis: Therapeutic implications . Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics , 49 : 48 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinck , W. J. , Vlietinck , R. and Fagard , R. H. 1999 . The contribution of genes, environment and body mass to blood pressure variance in young adult males . Journal of Human Hypertension , 13 : 191 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendelhag , I. , Fagerberg , B. , Hulthe , J. , Bokemark , L. and Wikstrand , J. 2002 . Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in 60-year-old men . European Journal of Internal Medicine , 252 : 305 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , P. T. 2008 . A cohort study of incident hypertension in relation to changes in vigorous physical activity in men and women . Journal of Hypertension , 26 : 1085 – 1093 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , Y. L. , Liu , D. D. , Hsieh , N. K. and Chen , H. I. 2008 . Endothelin and gelatinases in renal changes following blockade of nitric oxide synthase in hypertensive rats . Chinese Journal of Physiology , 51 : 186 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar