Risk of injury associated with rugby union played on artificial turf

References

• Brooks , J. H. M. , Fuller , C. W. , Kemp , S. P. T. and Reddin , D. B. 2005a . Epidemiology of injuries in English professional rugby union: Part 1 – Match injuries . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 39 : 757 – 766 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , J. H. M. , Fuller , C. W. , Kemp , S. P. T. and Reddin , D. B. 2005b . Epidemiology of injuries in English professional rugby union: Part 2 – Training injuries . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 39 : 767 – 775 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekstrand , J. , Timpka , T. and Hägglund , M. 2006 . Risk of injury in elite football played on artificial turf versus natural grass: A prospective two-cohort study . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 40 : 975 – 980 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2004 . Artificial turf now covered in ‘Laws of the Game’ Retrieved 31 August, 2009, from http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/releases/newsid=90911.html)
   Google Scholar
• Fédération Internationale de Football Association . 2006 . FIFA quality concept for football turf Retrieved 31 August, 2009, from http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/afdeveloping/pitch&equipment/50/15/94/footballturfbookletenglish_07012009.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Ford , K. R. , Manson , N. A. , Evans , B. J. , Myer , G. D. , Gwin , R. C. Heidt , R. S. 2006 . Comparison of in-shoe foot loading patterns on natural grass and synthetic turf . Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport , 9 : 433 – 440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller , C. W. , Dick , R. W. , Corlette , J. and Schmalz , R. 2007a . Comparison of the incidence, nature and cause of injuries sustained on grass and new generation artificial turf by male and female football players. Part 1 – Match injuries . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 41 : i20 – i26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller , C. W. , Molloy , M. G. , Bagate , C. , Bahr , R. , Brooks , J. H. M. Donson , H. 2007b . Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures for studies of injuries in rugby union . Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine , 17 : 177 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller , C. W. , Raftery , M. , Readhead , C. , Targett , S. G. R. and Molloy , M. G. 2009 . Impact of the International Rugby Board's experimental law variations on the incidence and nature of match injuries in southern hemisphere professional rugby union . South African Medical Journal , 99 : 232 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Industrial Injuries Advisory Council . 2005 . Position Paper 15: Sporting injuries Retrieved 31 August, 2009, from www.iiac.org.uk/pdf/pos_papers/pp15.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• International Rugby Board . 2008 . Regulation 22: Standard relating to the use of artificial playing surfaces Retrieved 31 August, 2009, from http://www.irb.com/mm/document/lawsregs/0/regulation22080611_6080.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Kaila , R. 2007 . Influence of modern studded and bladed soccer boots and sidestep cutting on knee loading during match play conditions . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 35 : 1528 – 1536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr , H. A. , Curtis , C. , Micheli , L. J. , Kocher , M. S. , Zurakowski , D. Kemp , S. P. T. 2008 . Collegiate rugby union injury patterns in New England: A prospective cohort study . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 42 : 595 – 603 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood , B. R. and Sterne , J. A. C. 2003 . Essential medical statistics , Oxford : Blackwell Science .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , A. J. and Garraway , W. M. 2000 . The influence of environmental factors on rugby football injuries . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 91 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers , M. C. and Barnhill , B. S. 2004 . Incidence, causes and severity of high school football injuries on FieldTurf versus natural grass . American Journal of Sports Medicine , 32 : 1626 – 1638 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milburn , P. D. and Barry , E. B. 1998 . Shoe–surface interaction and the reduction of injury in rugby union . Sports Medicine , 25 : 319 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholas , C. W. 1997 . Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of rugby union football players . Sports Medicine , 23 : 375 – 396 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg , B. M. 1990 . The validity and relevance of tests used for the assessment of sports surfaces . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 22 : 131 – 139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigg , B. M. 2001 . The role of impact forces and foot pronation: A new paradigm . Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine , 11 : 2 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orchard , J. 2002 . Is there a relationship between ground and climatic conditions and injuries in football? . Sports Medicine , 32 : 419 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orchard , J. 2009 . Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) Retrieved 31 August, 2009, from http://www.injuryupdate.com.au/research/OSICS8.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Orchard , J. , Chivers , I. , Aldous , D. , Bennell , K. and Seward , H. 2005 . Rye grass is associated with fewer non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries than Bermuda grass . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 39 : 704 – 709 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steffen , K. , Andersen , T. E. and Bahr , R. 2007 . Risk of injury on artificial turf and natural grass in young female football players . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 41 : i33 – i37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiles , V. H. , James , I. T. , Dixon , S. J. and Guisasola , I. N. 2009 . Natural turf surfaces: The case for continued research . Sports Medicine , 39 : 65 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takemura , M. , Schneiders , A. G. , Bell , M. L. and Milburn , P. D. 2007 . Association of ground hardness with injuries in rugby union . British Journal of Sports Medicine , 41 : 582 – 587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar