528
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Front-crawl stroke-coordination and symmetry: A comparison between timing and net drag force protocols

, &
Pages 759-766 | Received 22 Dec 2011, Accepted 12 Nov 2012, Published online: 06 Dec 2012

References

  • Chollet , D. , Chalies , S. and Chatard , J. C. 2000 . A new index of coordination for the crawl: Description and usefulness . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 21 : 54 – 59 .
  • Chollet , D. , Pelayo , P. , Tourny , C. and Sidney , M. 1996 . Comparative analysis of 100m and 200m events in the four strokes in top level swimmers . Journal of Human Movement Studies , 31 : 25 – 37 .
  • Formosa , D. , Mason , B. and Burkett , B. 2011 . The force-time profile of elite front crawl swimmers . Journal of Sports Sciences , 29 : 811 – 819 .
  • Fulton , S. K. , Pyne , D. and Burkett , B. 2011 . Optimizing kick rate and amplitude for Paralympic swimmers via net force measures . Journal of Sports Sciences , 29 : 381 – 387 .
  • Herzog , W. , Nigg , B. M. , Read , L. J. and Olsson , E. 1989 . Asymmetries in ground reaction force patterns in normal human gait . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 21 : 110 – 114 .
  • Keskinen , K. L. 1994 . Measurement of technique in front crawl swimming . Medicine and Science in Aquatic Sports , 39 : 117 – 125 .
  • Kolmogorov , S. V. and Duplishcheva , O. A. 1992 . Active drag, useful mechanical power output and hydrodynamic force coefficient in different swimming strokes at maximal velocity . Journal of Biomechanics , 25 : 311 – 318 .
  • Lerda , R. and Cardelli , C. 2003 . Breathing and propelling in crawl as a function of skill and swim velocity . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 24 : 75 – 80 .
  • Lerda , R. , Cardelli , C. and Chollet , D. 2001 . Analysis of the interaction between breathing and arm actions in the front crawl . Journal of Human Movement Studies , 40 : 129 – 144 .
  • Lyttle , A. D. , Blanksby , B. A. , Elliott , B. C. and Lloyd , D. G. 2000 . Net forces during tethered simulation of underwater streamlined gliding and kicking techniques of the freestyle turn . Journal of Sports Sciences , 18 : 801 – 807 .
  • Maglischo , C. W. , Maglischo , E. W. , Higgins , J. , Hinrichs , R. , Luedtke , D. , Schleihauf , R. E. and Thayer , A. 1988 . “ A biomechanical analysis of the 1984 U.S. Olympic freestyle distance swimmers ” . In International symposium of biomechanics and medicine in swimming , Edited by: Ungerechts , B. , Wilke , K. and Reischle , K. 351 – 360 . Bielefeld : Human Kinetics .
  • Pelayo , P. , Sidney , M. , Kherif , T. , Chollet , D. and Tourny , C. 1996 . Stroking characteristics in freestyle swimming and relationships with anthropometric characteristics . Journal of Applied Biomechanics , 12 : 197 – 206 .
  • Schnitzle , C. , Seifert , L. , Ernwein , V. and Chollet , D. 2008 . Arm coordination adaptations assessment in swimming . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 29 : 480 – 486 .
  • Seifert , L. , Boulesteix , L. and Chollet , D. 2004 . Effect of gender on the adaptation of arm coordination in front crawl . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 25 : 217 – 223 .
  • Seifert , L. , Chehensse , A. , Tourny-Chollet , C. , Lemaitre , F. and Chollet , D. 2008 . Effect of breathing patterns on arm coordination symmetry in front crawl . Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 22 : 1670 – 1676 .
  • Seifert , L. , Chollet , D. and Allard , P. 2005 . Arm coordination symmetry and breathing effect in front crawl . Human Movement Science , 24 : 234 – 256 .
  • Tourny-Chollet , C. , Seifert , L. and Chollet , D. 2009 . Effect of force symmetry on coordination in crawl . International Journal of Sports Medicine , 30 : 182 – 187 .
  • Toussaint , H. and Beek , P. 1992 . Biomechanics of competitive front crawl swimming . Sports Medicine , 13 : 8 – 24 .
  • Toussaint , H. and Truijens , M. 2005 . Biomechanical aspects of peak performance in human swimming . Animal Biology , 55 : 17 – 40 .
  • Vezos , N. , Gourgoulis , V. , Aggeloussis , N. , Kasimatis , P. , Christoforidis , C. and Mavromatis , G. 2007 . Underwater stroke kinematics during breathing and breath-holding front crawl swimming . Journal of Sports Science and Medicine , 6 : 58 – 62 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.